West Bengal Board Class 10 Geography Book Solution in English WBBSE

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WBBSE Class 10 Geography Question Answer West Bengal Board

WBBSE Class 10 Geography Book Solutions West Bengal Board in English Medium

WBBSE Class 10 Geography Book Solutions West Bengal Board in Hindi Medium

West Bengal Board Class 10 History Question Papers

WBBSE Class 10 Geography Syllabus West Bengal Board 2023

Group A Physical Geography

Chapter 1 Exogenetic Processes and Resultant Landforms

(a) Exogenetic Processes – Role of exogenetic processes on the formation of landforms in brief.

(b) Works of a River (Erosion, Transportation, Deposition) and Resultant Landforms – River as a part of the hydrological cycle, river basin, interfluves, courses of river, Works of river-mechanisms of erosion, transportation, deposition and analysis of causes behind the formation of landforms, Landforms – ‘V-shaped Valley, Interlocking spurs, Gorge, Canyon, Rapid, Waterfall, Plunge pool, Pothole, Alluvial fan, Meander (Slip-off slope, River cliff), Ox-bow lake (as a result of combined actions of erosion, transportation, and deposition), Flood plain, Natural Levee, Estuary, Delta (Cuspate, Arcuate, Bird’s foot delta); Causes of delta formation at river mouth – Analysis of conditions favourable for the formation of deltas. Effect of global warming on the active delta region (The Sundarbans of Ganga-Padma-Meghna) « Comprehensive concept on how global warming has affected this region. Current situation of Lohachara, New Moore, and Ghoramara islands.

(c) Works of Glacier (Erosion, Transportation, Deposition) and Resultant Landforms – Concept of Glacier, glacier as the largest source of fresh water on earth, types of glacier (continental, mountain, piedmont), Snowline, Iceberg, Crevasse and Bergschrund (problems in mountaineering), Erosion, transportation and deposition processes and landform formation (analysis); Landforms – Corrie, Arete, Pyramidal peak, Truncated spurs, U-shaped valley or Glacial trough, Hanging valley, Roches Mountonnes, Crag and tail, Fjord, Moraines (Lateral, Medial, Terminal moraines). Glacio-fluvial landforms-Outwash plain, Drumlin, Esker, Kame, Kettles.

(d) Works of Wind (Erosion, Transportation, Deposition) and Resultant Landforms – Predominance of wind action in the major deserts of the world (with map) and in coastal regions, concept of formation of sand particles; Works of wind, processes and concept of formation of different landforms; Landforms – Deflation hollow, Gour, Zeugen, Yardang, Inselberg, Sand Dunes (Barkhans and Seif), loess; Landforms formed by the combined actions of wind and running water – Concepts of landforms formed by the combined actions of wind and running water (Wadi, Pediment, Bajada, Playa); Expansion of deserts and measures to control it (examples of Sahara and Thar desert).

Chapter 2 Atmosphere

(a) Concept of the Atmosphere, Composition – Atmosphere, the concept of different elements of the atmosphere.

(b) Layers of Atmosphere (on the basis of composition and temperature) – Concepts of layers of atmosphere on the basis of composition and variation of temperature (explanations with diagrams) – Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere, Exosphere, and Magnetosphere; Importance of Ozonosphere and its depletion.

(c) Heat, Temperature and Global Warming – Insolation, heat budget, processes of heating of the atmosphere, measurement of heat- Six’s Thermometer, maximum and minimum temperature, average temperature and range of temperature (diurnal, monthly and annual)- calculation from a given table; Causes of variation of atmospheric temperature (with examples) – latitude, altitude (mention inversion of temperature), distribution of land and water bodies (mention maritime and continental climates), winds, ocean currents, slope of land, cloud cover and precipitation, natural vegetation, soil, urbanisation and industrialisation; Heat Belts, Isotherm and horizontal distribution of temperature; Global warming-role of green house gases; Effects of global warming-melting of polar ice caps and mountain glacier, rise of sea level, change in nature of precipitation, over and under production of crops, change in agricultural methods, El-Nino and its global effects, imbalance in earth’s incoming and outgoing solar radiation.

(d) Pressure belts and winds (planetary winds, local winds, sudden or irregular winds, cyclone, anticyclone – Concept of air pressure, measurements of air pressure (Torricelli’s Barometer, Fortin’s Barometer, Aneroid Barometer, mention other advanced instruments), Factors affecting atmospheric pressure (altitude, temperature, water vapour, earth’s rotation, distribution of land and water), Isobars (mentioning the concept of pressure gradient); Pressure belts of the earth, shifting of pressure belts, winds- planetary winds, periodic winds (land and sea breezes, monsoon, mountain, and valley breezes), local winds (warm-Foehn, Chinook, Sirocco, Loo; cold-Mistral, Bora), sudden or irregular winds (cyclone and anticyclone, brief explanation of tropical cyclones); Jet streams, the relation between monsoon and jet streams.

(e) Humidity and Precipitation – Concept of hydrological cycle, evaporation, humidity (absolute humidity, specific humidity, relative humidity), saturated air, dew point, measurements of humidity; condensation and its different forms-dew, fog, smog, cloud (classification not required), use of conventional signs and symbols of cloud cover in weather map; Precipitation – concept, mention of different forms of precipitation, types of rainfall, measurements of rainfall; Major climatic regions of the world – Wet Equatorial, Tropical (Monsoon, Hot Desert), Warm Temperate (Mediterranean, Steppe, China type), Cold Temperate (West Coastal Maritime, Continental, Wet Temperate), Cold (Tundra) [through table and a full page world map], identification of climate and hemisphere with the help of temperature and rainfall graph (Wet Equatorial, Tropical Monsoon, Tropical Hot Desert, Mediterranean, Tundra).

Chapter 3 Hydrosphere

(a) Concept of ocean currents, causes of origin of ocean currents (descriptions of ocean currents of different oceans not required) specific influence of ocean currents throughout the world – Concept of ocean currents (comparison with waves), types- warm and cold currents; Causes of origin of ocean currents- earth’s rotation, wind, temperature and salinity of ocean water, density of ocean water, melting of ice, shape of coastline, seasonal variations; Effects of ocean currents on earth-formation of banks and its commercial importance, coastal climate, climate change (ocean currents of different oceans to be shown in a full page world map).

(b) Concept of tides, origin, and effects; Concept of tides, the origin of tides, primary tides, secondary tides, the difference in time between high tide water and low tide water, spring tides, neap tides, syzygy, apogee, perigee, tidal bore; Effects of tides.

Group B Environmental Geography

Chapter 4 Waste Management

(a) Concept of Waste – Concept of waste with reference to waste derived from the locality. Classification of waste-solid, liquid, gaseous, toxic, and non-toxic waste. Sources of waste and its effects; Brief concept of sources of waste – domestic waste, industrial waste, agricultural waste, municipal waste, organic waste, biomedical waste, radioactive waste, the effect of waste on environment; Methods and importance of waste management – Concept of waste management- reduction, reuse and recycling, Processes of solid, liquid and gaseous waste disposal and management- segregation of waste (bio-degradable, non-bio-degradable) landfill, composting, drainage, scrubber, Need for waste management, Role of students in waste management, Effects of waste disposal on Bhagirathi-Hooghly river-A case study.

Group C Regional Geography

Chapter 5 India – Introduction

(a) Location, Administrative divisions – Geographical Location, Extent, Boundaries, Brief history of demarcation of provinces of India after independence, Existing Provinces and Union Territories of India.

India-Physical Environment
(b) Physiography of India – Physiographic divisions of India-The northern mountainous region, The plains of northern India, The peninsular plateau, The coastal plains, The islands, Significance of physiographic divisions.

(c) Water Resources of India – Brief overview of water resources of India – rivers (only the description of the courses of Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra, Narmada, Tapi, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri rivers), distribution of lakes, water bodies, canals and their importance in human life, Means of irrigation (well, tube well, canal), advantages and disadvantages, overuse of groundwater and its impact, Multi-purpose river valley project- mention some important river valley projects. The Damodar Valley Corporation- A case study, Conservation of water- importance and methods (Watershed Development, Rain Water Harvesting). Role of Tamil Nadu in rainwater harvesting – A case study.

(d) Climate of India – Regional variations in climate of India, Factors affecting the climate of location and latitudinal extension, role of the Himalayas, relief, distance from the sea (continentality), monsoon winds, jet stream, tropical cyclone and Western Disturbances, El-Nino and La-Nina, Monsoon winds and seasonality in India-summer, rainy season, retreating monsoon, winter, Impact of monsoon rainfall on soil, natural vegetation, agriculture (mentioning flood and drought).

(e) Soils in India – Types of soils (Alluvial soil, Black soil, Red soil, Laterite soil, Desert soil, Mountain soil), composition, characteristics (colour, texture, minerals, crops associated), regional distribution, Soil erosion, causes of soil erosion (surface runoff, wind, nature of rainfall, topography, the pressure of excessive population on land, overgrazing, unscientific mining, landslide, deforestation, the conventional method of farming), regions of soil erosion, Consequences of soil erosion – loss of the top layer of fertile soil, fall of groundwater table and reduction in soil moisture, expansion of the desert region, frequent occurrence of flood and drought, increasing siltation in canals and rivers, increasing landslide, hindrance in economical prosperity and cultural development, Prevention of soil erosion and soil conservation-tree planting, Terrace farming, Contour plowing, Strip cropping, Gully plowing, prevention of Jhoom cultivation.

(f) Natural vegetation of India – Types of vegetation (Tropical Evergreen Forest, Tropical Deciduous Forests, Tropical Desert Forests, Montane Forests, Littoral Forests) regional distribution, characteristic features, uses, Need for conservation of forests and its measures-prohibition of indiscriminate deforestation, reduction of felling of premature trees, use of alternate source of energy instead of fuel wood, prevention of forest fire, control of diseases of forest trees chemically and biologically, controlled grazing of cattle, afforestation and reforestation, adaptation of forest management like felling of mature trees and selective tree felling operations, people’s participation), Social-forestry and Agro-forestry.

India-Economic Environment
(a) Agriculture in India – characteristics of Indian agriculture, types (on the basis of crops and seasons), production and distribution of major crops (Rice, Wheat, Millet, Sugarcane, Cotton, Tea, Coffee) – Major characteristics of Indian agriculture (subsistence agriculture, the pressure of population, predominance of animal force, dependence on monsoon, uses of irrigation, small size of land holding, uncontrolled uses of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, the predominance of food crops, an insignificant place to given fodder crops, variety of food crops, Classification of crops on the basis of uses-food crops, fibre crops, plantations, others, Classification of crops on the basis of the season- kharif, rabi, zaid. Favourable geographical environment (physical & economical), distribution, production, and trade of major crops, Problems of Indian agriculture and their solutions, Causes of agricultural prosperity in Punjab, Haryana – A case study.

(b) Industries in India – Iron and Steel industry. Cotton textile, Engineering, Petrochemical, Automobile, and Information technology – Factors affecting the location of industries (importance of raw material, water, electricity, transport, labour, market, capital, etc.) concept of pure and impure raw materials, Classification of industries on the basis of nature of raw materials (agro-based, animal-based, forest-based, mineral-based), c Causes of development of the mentioned industries (with reference to their locations).

(c) Population of India – Census and demographic characteristics in brief, growth of population, sustainable development, causes of variation in population distribution, density of population, urbanisation, problems of urbanisation – Brief overview of census, Basic demographic information about population of India (total population, male, female, annual and decadal population growth rate, adult population, child population, dependent population, literacy rate, unemployed population, life expectancy, child mortality rate, percentage of population engaged in primary, secondary, tertiary and other sectors-figures only, according to 2011 census), Concept of population growth and sustainable development, Factors influencing the regional distribution of population in India, Concept of density of population, Causes of emergence of town and cities by concentration of gathering of population at locations favourable to human livelihood, Problems of urbanisation in India – unplanned urbanisation, peoples tendency to settle in cities, lack of infrastructure (settlement, transport, health, education, electricity, problems related to sewage system).

(d) Transport and Communication System of India – Importance and modes of transport, major seaports and international airports in India – Importance of transport, Modes of transport, Importance of railways and roadways (Golden Quadrilateral, north- south-east-west corridors, national highways, state highways), Waterways- inland and sea, major seaports, Airways-location of national and international airports, Other transportation systems-Importance of ropeway, pipeline, underground railways, Modern communication system-internet, e-mail, cell phone etc.

Group D Satellite Imagery and Topographical Map

Chapter 6 Satellite Imagery and Topographical Map

Satellite imagery and Topographical map – concept, differences, uses of scales on Topographical map, characteristics and uses of satellite image – General concept of Satellite imagery and Topographical map, Differences between Satellite imagery and Topographical map, Uses of different types of scale on Topographical map, Steps in acquisition of satellite image, Characteristics of satellite image, Uses of satellite image and its importance.

First Summative Evaluation: 40 marks
Internal Formative Evaluation: 10 marks
Month of Evaluation: April

  • Chapter 1 Exogenetic processes and resultant landforms
  • Chapter 5 India – Introduction, Physical Environment

Second Summative Evaluation: 40 marks
Internal Formative Evaluation: 10 marks
Month of Evaluation: August

  • Chapter 2 Atmosphere
  • Chapter 3 Hydrosphere
  • Chapter 5. India – Economic environment

Third Summative Evaluation: 90 marks
Internal Formative Evaluation: 10 marks
Month of Evaluation: December

  • Chapter 4 Waste Management
  • Chapter 6 Satellite imagery and Topographical map
  • Map (India)

Note: Topics chosen for the first and second summative evaluations are also to be included in the third summative evaluation.

WBBSE Class 10 Geography Blueprint for 1st Summative Evaluation (Total Marks – 40)

Topic Group – A Group – B Group – C Group – D Group – E Total
MCQ
(1 mark)		 VSAQ
(1 Mark)		 SAQ
(2 Marks)		 SEA
(3 Marks)		 LAQ (5 Marks)
Physical Geography

Chapter 1

 1 × 4 = 4 1 × 4 = 4 2 × 2 = 4 3 × 1 = 3 5 × 1 = 5 20
Regional Geography

Chapter 5

 1 × 4 = 4 1 × 4 = 4 2 × 2 = 4 3 × 1 = 3 5 × 1 = 5 20
8 8 8 6 10 40

Note:
Group – A: MCQ Type – Information-based and concept-oriented questions to be set (four options to be provided)
Group – B: Very Short Answer Type – should consist of fill-in-the-blanks, true/false, column matching, and one or two-word answers.
Group – C: Short Answer Type Question – Consists of ‘what’ / ‘where’ type questions.
Group – D: Short Explanatory Answer Type Question – Compare/Contrast/Reasoning type of questions to be set (three points to be asked).
Group – E: Long Answer Type Question – Preferably diagram-based questions from Physical Geography, ‘How’/‘Why’ questions from Regional Geography.

WBBSE Class 10 Geography Blueprint for 2nd Summative Evaluation (Total Marks – 40)

Topic Group – A Group – B Group – C Group – D Group – E Total
MCQ
(1 Mark)		 VSAQ
(1 Mark)		 SAQ
(2 Marks)		 SEA
(3 Marks)		 LAQ
(5 Marks)
Physical Geography

Chapter 2

 1 × 3 = 3 1 × 3 = 3 2 × 1 = 2 3 × 1 = 3 5 × 1 = 5 16
Chapter 3 1 × 2 = 2 1 × 2 = 2 2 × 1 = 2 3 × 1 = 3 – 9
Regional Geography

Chapter 5

 1 × 3 = 3 1 × 3 = 3 2 × 2 = 4 – 5 × 1 = 5 15
8 8 8 6 10 40

Note:
Group – A: MCQ Type – Information-based and concept-oriented questions to be set (four options to be provided)
Group – B: Very Short Answer Type – should consist of fill-in-the-blanks, true/false, column matching, and one or two-word answers.
Group – C: Short Answer Type Question – Consists of ‘What’ / ‘Where’ type questions.
Group – D: Short Explanatory Answer Type Question – Compare/Contrast/Reasoning type of questions to be set (three points to be asked).
Group – E: Long Anser Type Question – Preferably diagram-based questions from Physical Geography, ‘How’/‘Why’ questions from Regional Geography.

WBBSE Class 10 Geography Blueprint for 3rd Summative Evaluation (Total Marks – 90)

Topic Group – A Group – B Group – C Group – D Group – E Map
(1 Mark)		 Total
MCQ
(1 Mark)		 VSAQ
(1 Mark)		 SAQ
(2 Marks)		 SEA
(3 Marks)		 LAQ
(5 Marks)
Physical Geography

Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3

 1 × 6 = 6 1 × 9 = 9 2 × 2 = 4 3 × 1 = 3 5 × 2 = 10 – 32
Environmental Geography

Chapter 4

 1 × 1 = 1 1 × 2 = 2 2 × 1 = 2 3 × 1 = 3 – – 8
Regional Geography

Chapter 5

 1 × 6 = 6 1 × 9 = 9 2 × 2 = 4 3 × 1 = 3 5 × 2 = 10 – 32
Satellite Imagery and Topographical Map

Chapter 6

 1 × 1 = 1 1 × 2 = 2 2 × 1 = 2 3 × 1 = 3 – – 8
Map (India) – – – – – 1 × 10 10
14 22 12 12 20 10 90

Note:
Group – A: A total of 14 questions to be given. [Total 6 questions to be given including 2 questions from each topic of Physical Geography]. There will be no alternative in this group.
Group – B: A total of 26 questions are to be set, out of which 22 are to be answered. [At least 3 questions from each topic of Physical Geography to be given].
Group – C: A total of 12 questions are to be given in this group, out of which 6 are to be answered. [Total 4 questions at least 1 from each topic of Physical Geography and 4 questions from Regional Geography to be given. 2 questions each from Physical Geography and Regional Geography to be answered. 4 questions, 2 each from Environmental Geography and Satellite imagery and Topographical map to be given. 1 question each from Environmental Geography and Satellite imagery and Topographical map to be answered].
Group – D: A total of 8 questions to be given in this group. [1 out of 2 alternatives from each of Physical Geography, Environmental Geography, Regional Geography, Satellite imagery, and Topographical map to be answered.]
Group – E: A total of 8 questions to be given in this group. [4 questions to be given at least 1 from each topic of Physical Geography and 4 questions to be given from Regional Geography. Total 4 questions including 2 questions each from Physical Geography and Regional Geography to be answered.]

Distribution of Marks and Question Pattern for Third Summative Evaluation/Selection Test

Group Type of Question Marks for Each Question Number of Questions to be Attempted Total Marks No. of Questions to be Set Nature of Question
A MCQ Type 1 14 1 × 14 = 14 14 Information-based and concept-oriented questions are to be set (four options to be provided)
B

Very Short Answer Type Question

 1 22 1 × 22 = 22 26
  • Fill in the Blanks
  • True/False
  • Column Matching
  • One or Two Word Answer
C Short Answer Type Question 2 6 2 × 6 = 12 12 ‘What’/‘Where’ Type Questions
D Short Explanatory Answer Type Question 3 4 3 × 4 = 12 8 Compare/Contrast/Reasoning type of questions to be set (three points to be asked)
E Long Answer Type Question 5 4 5 × 4 = 20 8 Preferably diagram-based questions from Physical Geography, ‘How’/‘Why’ questions from Regional Geography
F *Map Work 1 10 1 × 10 = 10 10 Outline map of India to be provided and questions to be set to locate and label geographical features
Total = 60 Total = 90 Total = 78

*10 questions to be provided for sightless candidates in lieu of map work. Each question carries 1 mark.
Note: The question pattern is indicative of the Madhyamik Examination.

WBBSE Class 10 Solutions

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