Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 10 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 2.1 Concepts of Atmosphere offer valuable context and analysis.
WBBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 2.1 Question Answer – Concepts of Atmosphere
Answer in short : 2 Marks
Question 1.
What is atmosphere?
Answer:
The thick blanket of air surrounding the earth, extending to a height of about 10,000 km above its surface, is known as the atmosphere. It is hold in place by the gravitational force of the earth.
Question 2.
What are Aerosols?
Answer:
Aerosols are very fine solid particles that remain suspended in the air. They act as the base of condensation for rainfall, snowfall, fog, dew, mist etc. They absorb solar radiation and keep the atmosphere warm. They are responsible for reflection of sunlight causing dawn and twilight. They also reflect light and make the sky appear blue.
Question 3.
Name the major gases of the atmosphere.
Answer:
The main gases of the atmosphere are : Nitrogen (78.084%), Oxygen (20.946%), Argon (0.934 %), Carbon dioxide (0.033 %).
Other gases present are : Neon, Helium, Krypton, Xenon, Hydrogen, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Radon, Ozone etc. Amongst these, Nitrogen, Argon, Neon, Helium, Krypton and Xenon are known as noble or inert gases.
Question 4.
What are the importances of oxygen in the atmosphere?
Answer:
Oxygen occupies about 21 % of the atmosphere. Importances of this gas are:
- Oxygen helps to support life.
- It helps to provide heat and energy in living organisms.
- It helps in burning of fire.
- It helps in the process of oxidation.
- It causes rusting of iron.
Question 5.
Mention the importances of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere.
Answer:
Nitrogen occupies about 78 % of the atmosphere. Its importances are :
- Protein synthesis in living organisms.
- Increasing soil fertility.
- Manufacturing fertilisers.
Question 6.
Mention the importances of carbon dioxide.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide occupies a negligible percentage (0-033 %) in the atmosphere, but it is a very important gas.
- It helps in photosynthesis and formation of glucose in plants.
- It helps in carbonation of rocks during weathering.
- It controls atmospheric temperature.
- It controls or influences the climate.
- It helps in weathering of limestone.
Question 7.
What is the homosphere ?
Answer:
According to D. S. Lal, “the term homosphere means the zone of homogenous composition’. It refers to that part of the atmosphere, where the composition is uniform.
Question 8.
What is the heterosphere?
Answer:
The atmosphere above the homosphere up to a height of 10,000 km is not uniform in composition with reference to its chemical composition and proportion. This part of the atmosphere is known as the heterosphere.
Question 9.
Why are the inert gases called so ?
Answer:
Gases like Nitrogen, Argon, Neon, Helium, Krypton and Xenon do not react with the components of atmosphere and the earth’s surface under normal circumstances. Hence they are called ‘inert gases’.
Question 10.
What is density of the atmosphere?
Answer:
The amount of gas molecules or the mass of gas molecules present in a unit volume of the atmosphere is known as the density of the atmosphere.
Answer in briefly : 3 Marks
Question 1.
What are the importances of water vapour in the atmosphere?
Answer:
- Water vapour not only absorbs the sun’s incoming radiation (insolation), but also absorbs the heat radiated back by the earth, thus keeping the atmosphere warm.
- It helps in formation of clouds, fog, dew, rainfall, snowfall etc.
- Amount of water vapour influences occurrence of rainfall, snowfall, storms, and other environmental activities.
- It helps the hydrological cycle to function properly.
Question 2.
Describe the importances of dust particles in the atmosphere.
Answer:
Dust particles mix with the atmosphere from various sources like – soil particles, salt particles from seas, solid particles coming out of cars and chimney smoke, cinder, ash etc. from volcanoes, ash from forest fires etc.
Importances of these particles in the atmosphere are :
- The dust particles act as the base of condensation for the formation of clouds, fog, mist, dew, rainfall, snowfall etc.
- They reflect and refract light.
- They help in occurrence of dawn, twilight and help the sky appear blue.
- They absorb insolation and back radiation from the earth and help to keep the atmosphere warm.
Question 3.
Mention the characteristics of the atmosphere.
Answer:
The main characteristics of the atmosphere are :
- The atmosphere extends up to 10,000 km above the surface of the earth.
- Density of the atmosphere reduces with height.
- This contains the most important components that are inevitable for plant and animal life.
- The atmosphere is invisible, but its presence can be felt evidently.
Question 4.
What are the characteristics of the ozone layer?
Answer:
Ozone gas is concentrated in the stratosphere at an altitude of 25-50 km above the earth’s surface. This layer is also called the ozonosphere. The characteristics are :
- 90% of ozone gas lies in this layer.
- It filters the ultra-violet rays that comes from the sun.
- It protects the biotic world from damage and disaster.
- Density of ozone gas is expressed in Doloson Unit (DU).
- Density of ozone gas is 250 DU near the equator, 350 DU in the mid latitudes and 450 DU in the polar regions.
Answer in details : 5 Marks
Question 1.
Name the main components of the atmosphere and discuss about them.
Answer:
The components of the atmosphere can be classified into two parts :
(a) Permanent components : The permanent components mainly constitute the gaseous elements those proportion does not change in the atmosphere.
They are : Nitrogen (78.084%), Oxygen (20.946%), Argon (0.934%), Carbon dioxide (0.033 %) and other gases like Nitrogen, Neon, Helium, Hydrogen, Xenon, Krypton, Methane, Radon, Ozone etc.
(b) Variable components : These include :
i) Water vapour : Amount of water vapour varies from place to place, time to time and depends on factors like heat, presence of water bodies, wind speed, humidity etc.
ii) Dust particles : Tiny solid particles coming from dust, salt grains, pollen grains, smoke, soot etc. remain suspended in the air in different amounts in different places. These are also called aerosols.
iii) Carbon dioxide : CO2 is an important variable gas. Currently it constitutes about 0.03 %. of the atmosphere. It is a potent green house gas and plays a vital role in controlling the earth’s surface temperature.
Question 2.
Classify the layers of the atmosphere according to temperature.
Answer:
The atmosphere has been classified into five layers by Pattersen according to temperature.
i) Troposphere : The troposphere extends up to 18 km in the equatorial region to 7-8 km in the polar region above the earth’s surface. Temperature of this layer reduces by 6.4°C for every 1000 ~m rise in altitude. The lowest temperature
recorded here is -80°c at the highest limits of the troposphere near the equator.
ii) Stratosphere: This layer is above the troposphere, and is separated by the tropopause. Temperature of this layer goes on increasing with rise in altitude. It spreads up to 50 km above the earth’s surface. Temperature reaches to 0°C at the highest levels of the stratosphere. This layer is void of clouds and rainfall. A concentrated layer of ozone gas is found within this layer.
iii) Mesosphere : After the stratosphere, the mesosphere lies up to 80 km above the earth’s surface. This is the last limit of the homosphere. Temperature decreases with increase in altitude. This layer lies between the stratopause and the mesopause.
iv) Ionosphere or Thermosphere : This layer spreads up to 500 km from the earth’s surface after the mesopause. Temperature increases rapidly in this layer with rise in altitude, and reaches about 1200°C at the upper limits. In this layer, constant interaction of ultra violet rays, x-rays, α-rays, β-rays and γ-rays cause ionisation of the gases.
v) Exosphere : This layer spreads from 500-750 km above the earth’s surface.
Question 3.
Differentiate between the Homosphere and the Heterosphere.
Answer:
| Homosphere | Heterosphere |
| i. The ratio of component gases of the atmosphere remains more or less same up to 88 km altitude. This layer is called the homosphere. | i. The ratio of component gases of the atmosphere does not remain the same beyond 88 km altitude. This layer is called the heterosphere. |
| ii. It spreads from 0-88 km above the earth’s surface. | ii. It spreads from 88-10,000 km above the earth’s surface. |
| iii. It comprises the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and parts of the thermosphere. | iii. It comprises parts of thermosphere, the exosphere and magnetosphere. |
| iv. It consists of gases, water vapour and dust particles. | iv. It consists of very little traces of water vapour and dust particles. The gases mostly lie in ionised forms. |
| v. All the weather conditions and changes occur within 6 km of the homosphere. | v. No weather changes are noticed in the heterosphere. |
| vi. Lower layers of the homosphere support life and related activities. The ozone layer protects the earth from sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays. | vi. The ionised gases of the heterosphere help in transmission of radio waves, thus helping to run mobiles, wireless sets, radios and other devices. |
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) : 1 Mark
Question 1.
The tropopause occurs at the equator at a height of :
(A) 5 km.
(B) 20 km.
(C) 18 km.
(D) 25 km.
Answer:
(C) 18 km.
Question 2.
97 % of the atmosphere lies within _____ km. of the surface of the earth :
(A) 50 km.
(B) 29 km.
(C) 5 km.
(D) 15 km.
Answer:
(B) 29 km.
Question 3.
The lower layer lonosphere is known as :
(A) Troposphere
(B) Stratosphere
(C) Ozonosphere
(D) Thermosphere
Answer:
(D) Thermosphere
Question 4.
The Mediterranean region receives rainfall :
(A) From trade winds in summer
(B) From trade winds in winter
(C) From westerlies in winter
(D) By convection in summer
Answer:
(C) From westerlies in winter
Question 5.
The atmospheric layer which reflects radio waves is called :
(A) Exosphere
(B) Stratosphere
(C)Troposphere
(D)Thermosphere
Answer:
(C)Troposphere
Question 6.
Atmosphere gets heated up :
(A) In the early morning
(B) At mid day
(C) At 2:00 pm.
(D) In the late evening
Answer:
(C) At 2:00 pm.
Question 7.
The most important component of the atmosphere which causes many weather phenomena is :
(A) Oxygen
(B) Carbon dioxide
(C) Nitrogen
(D) Water vapour
Answer:
(D) Water vapour
Question 8.
The lower layer of the atmosphere is known as :
(A) Mesosphere
(B) Stratosphere
(C) Ionosphere
(D) Troposphere
Answer:
(D) Troposphere
Question 9.
Tropopause is the zone that separates :
(A) Earth’s surface and Troposphere
(B) Troposphere and Stratosphere
(C) Stratosphere and lonosphere
(D) Earth’s surface and lonosphere
Answer:
(B) Troposphere and Stratosphere
Question 10.
Ionosphere is :
(A) The lowest region of the atmosphere
(B) The highest region of the atmosphere
(C) The middle most region of the atmosphere extending from 40 km. to 75 km.
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) The highest region of the atmosphere
Question 11.
The tropopause is situated at a height of over the equator
(A) 10 km.
(B) 15 km.
(C) 18 km.
(D) 22 km.
Answer:
(C) 18 km.
Question 12.
Most of the weather phenomena take place in the :
(A) Stratosphere
(B) Ionosphere
(C) Troposphere
(D) Mesosphere
Answer:
(C) Troposphere
Question 13.
________ of the effective atmosphere is found up to the height of 29 km.:
(A) 29 %
(B) 35 %
(C) 90 %
(D) 97 %
Answer:
(D) 97 %
Question 14.
Percentage of argon in the atmosphere is :
(A) 1 %
(B) 1.5 %
(C) 0.30 %
(D) 0.93 %
Answer:
(D) 0.93 %
Question 15.
Which one of the following is lowermost layer?
(A) Stratosphere
(B) Troposphere
(C) Troposphere or Stratosphere
(D) It is not certain
Answer:
(B) Troposphere
Question 16.
Normal Lapse rate is supposed to be:
(A) 6.5°C per 100m
(B) 6.5°C per 10m
(C) 6.5°K per 100m
(D) 6.0°K per 100m
Answer:
(A) 6.5°C per 100m
Question 17.
The average height of the troposphere over the poles is around :
(A) 16 km
(B) 14 km
(C) 8 km
(D) 6 km
Answer:
(D) 6 km
Question 18.
Medium and high frequency radio waves are reflected by which layer?
(A) E layer
(B) G layer
(C) F layer
(D) All of these
Answer:
(C) F layer
Question 19.
Isobars are :
(A) The lines of equal atmospheric pressure
(B) The lines of unequal atmospheric pressure
(C) The parallel lines of atmospheric pressure
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) The lines of equal atmospheric pressure
Question 20.
What is the characteristic of planetary winds:
(A) These flow from the belts of high pressure to the belts of low pressure
(B) These flow from the belts of low pressure to the belt of high pressure
(C) These do not flow to any centre of pressure
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) These flow from the belts of high pressure to the belts of low pressure
Question 21.
Wind in the southern hemisphere deflects towards left :
(A) Due to rotation of the earth
(B) Due to temperature
(C) Due to heating
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) Due to rotation of the earth
Question 22.
The instrument used for measuring the atmospheric pressure is called:
(A) Barometer
(B) Hygrometer
(C)Altimeter
(D) Thermometer
Answer:
(A) Barometer
Question 23.
The mountaineers climbing the high peaks carry:
(A) Helium
(B) Nitrogen
(C) Hydrogen
(D) Oxygen
Answer:
(D) Oxygen
Question 24.
The sub-tropical high pressure belts are also known as :
(A) Doldrums
(B) Roaring forties
(C) Torrid zone
(D) Horse latitudes
Answer:
(B) Roaring forties
Question 25.
Besides the local winds and permanent winds, another type of winds are :
(A) Prevailing winds
(B) Horizontal winds
(C) Vertical winds
(D) Periodic winds
Answer:
(D) Periodic winds
Question 26.
If the incoming solar radiation is 100 % then scattering by dust particles is :
(A) 27 %
(B) 2 %
(C) 6 %
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) 6 %
Question 27.
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by 1°C is called :
(A) Specific heat
(B) Relative heat
(C) Absolute heat
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) Specific heat
Question 28.
Horse latitudes are found between the latitudes :
(A) 5°N to 5°S
(B) 25°-35° in both the hemisphere
(C) 30°-45° in both the hemisphere
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) 25°-35° in both the hemisphere
Question 29.
The zone of _____ wind is also known as Hadley cells.
(A) Westerly
(B) Easterly
(C) Trade
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) Trade
Question 30.
Which type of rainfall is called relief rainfall ?
(A) Convectional
(B) Orographic
(C) Cyclonic
(D) All of these
Answer:
(B) Orographic
Question 31.
Which of the following instruments is used for measuring the temperature?
(A) Barometer
(B) Thermometer
(C) Hydrometer
(D) Hygrometer
Answer:
(B) Thermometer
Question 32.
Anemometer is used to measure :
(A) The velocity of the earth
(B) The velocity of the waves
(C) The velocity of the winds
(D) The velocity of earthquake waves
Answer:
(C) The velocity of the winds
Question 33.
The actual mass of water vapour per unit volume of air is known :
(A) Relative humidity
(B) Absolute humidity
(C) Specific humidity
(D) Degree of saturation
Answer:
(B) Absolute humidity
Question 34.
The prevailing north-western westerly winds which blow vigorously between 40° and 60° south latitudes throughout the year are known:
(A) Sirocco
(B) Roaring forties
(C) Harmattan
(D) Pampero
Answer:
(B) Roaring forties
Question 35.
About 34 per cent of insolation being returned to space as short waves are known as :
(A) Effective solar radiation
(B) The earth’s Albedo
(C) Heat Transfer
(D) Terrestrial heat balance
Answer:
(B) The earth’s Albedo
Question 36.
The boundary zone developed at or near the mass of warm air where an advancing cold air strikes and forces the warm air upward is called :
(A) Warm front
(B) Cold front
(C) Occuluded front
(D) Warm air mass
Answer:
(B) Cold front
Question 37.
The rate of temperature decreases (C°) in the atmosphere per 1000 metre ascent is :
(A) 3.6° C
(B) 6.4° C
(C) 7.4° C
(D) 8.6° C
Answer:
(B) 6.4° C
Question 38.
Inversion of temperature is :
(A) Increase of temperature with altitude
(B) Decrease of temperature with altitude
(C) Uniform temperature
(D) Decrease of temperature with latitudes
Answer:
(A) Increase of temperature with altitude
Question 39.
The albedo of earth is :
(A) 25 %
(B) 35 %
(C) 45 %
(D) 55 %
Answer:
(B) 35 %
Question 40.
The total annual insolation is greatest at –
(A) The tropic of Cancer
(B) The tropic of Capricorn
(C) The equator
(D) The arctic circle
Answer:
(D) The arctic circle
Question 41.
The dry adiabatic lapse rate is :
(A) 6.4°C
(B) 10°C
(C) 8.5°C
(D) 2°C
Answer:
(B) 10°C
Question 42.
Jet stream is a :
(A) Warm Current
(B) Cold Current
(C) Local Wind
(D) Upper air westerlies
Answer:
(D) Upper air westerlies
Question 43.
The type of rainfall common at equatorial region is :
(A) Convectional
(B) Orographic
(C) Cyclonic
(D) Relief
Answer:
(A) Convectional
Question 44.
Doldrum is a zone of :
(A) Intertropical Convergence
(B) Intertropical Divergence
(C) Local wind
(D) Frontolysis
Answer:
(A) Intertropical Convergence
Question 45.
The highest temperature is recorded by :
(A) Mercurial thermometer
(B) Hot thermometer
(C)Alcohol thermometer
(D) Minimum thermometer
Answer:
(A) Mercurial thermometer
Question 46.
The lowest temperature is recorded by :
(A) Maximum thermometer
(B) Mercurial thermometer
(C) Alcohol thermometer
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) Alcohol thermometer
Question 47.
What is the name of the scale meant for recording weather conditions?
(A) Fahrenheit
(B) Barometer
(C) Hydrometer
(D) Opisometer
Answer:
(A) Fahrenheit
Question 48.
Another scale used for recording weather conditions is known as :
(A) Hygrometer
(B) Hydrometer
(C) Opisometer
(D) Centigrade
Answer:
(D) Centigrade
Question 49.
Which of the following components of the atmosphere has increased during the last 200 years?
(A) Oxygen
(B) Water vapour
(C) Carbon dioxide
(D) Nitrogen
Answer:
(C) Carbon dioxide
Question 50.
The velocity of wind is recorded by :
(A) altimeter
(B) Barometer
(C) Anemometer
(D) Aneroid barometer
Answer:
(C) Anemometer
Question 51.
Horse latitudes lie :
(A) In the vicinity of 30° latitude both north and south of the equator
(B) In the vicinity of 50° latitude both north and south of the equator
(C) Between 50° and 60° latitude both north and south of equator
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) In the vicinity of 30° latitude both north and south of the equator
Question 52.
When warm air moves into a region of cold air it leads to the formation of :
(A) Cold front
(B) Warm front
(C) Cyclone
(D) Anticyclone
Answer:
(B) Warm front
Question 53.
Hurricanes are generally :
(A) Active over land
(B) Active over the sea
(C) Travelling in families
(D) Dust storms
Answer:
(B) Active over the sea
Question 54.
The tropical cyclones of the Bay of Bengal are usually called :
(A) Typhoons
(B) Hurricanes
(C) Depressions
(D) Willy willy
Answer:
(A) Typhoons
Question 55.
Jet Stream blows :
(A) From west to east
(B) From east to west
(C) From north to south
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) From west to east
Question 56.
In which region does rainfall occur throughout the year?
(A) Equatorial region
(B) Polar region
(C) Sub-polar region
(D) Middle-latitude region
Answer:
(A) Equatorial region
Question 57.
China type (Cw) has dry winter season because :
(A) Cool dry winds blow from interior of the continent
(B) There are no clouds
(C) Temperature is low
(D) Humidity is low
Answer:
(A) Cool dry winds blow from interior of the continent
Question 58.
Tropical deserts receive scanty rainfall because:
(A) They are away from the equator
(B) They do not have clouds
(C) Trade winds blow from the hot interior of the continent
(D) Cool currents blow along the coast
Answer:
(C) Trade winds blow from the hot interior of the continent
Question 59.
Which of the following is not a tropical desert:
(A) Kalahari
(B) Atacama
(C) Arabia
(D) Mongolia
Answer:
(D) Mongolia
Question 60.
Conduction is a process :
(A) That conducts heat from warmer to the cooler region until the two objects coming into contact get the same temperature
(B) That conducts heat from cooler to the warmer region
(C) That does not conduct heat to any of the objects coming into contact
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) That conducts heat from warmer to the cooler region until the two objects coming into contact get the same temperature
Question 61.
Humidity is the result of :
(A) Evaporation
(B) Transpiration
(C) Presence of heat
(D) Presence of moisture content in the air
Answer:
(D) Presence of moisture content in the air
Question 62.
Specific humidity is :
(A) The indicator of density of water vapour
(B) The maximum water content existing in the atmosphere
(C) It is the ratio of the mass of water vapour present to the total mass of air
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(C) It is the ratio of the mass of water vapour present to the total mass of air
Question 63.
What is relative humidity ?
(A) It is the ratio of specific humidity
(B) It is the indicator of moisture content of atmosphere
(C) It is the indicator of density of water vapour
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) It is the ratio of specific humidity
Question 64.
Annual range of temperature is maximum in :
(A) Equatorial region
(B) Sub-tropical region
(C) Middle latitudes
(D) Polar regions
Answer:
(C) Middle latitudes
Question 65.
The winds blowing from subtropical high pressure to sub-polar low pressure are :
(A) Westerlies
(B) Easterlies
(C) Polar winds
(D) Jet Stream
Answer:
(B) Easterlies
Question 66.
Doldrum belt is the region of :
(A) High pressure and strong winds
(B) Moderate pressure
(C) Low pressure and calm conditions
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) Low pressure and calm conditions
Question 67.
Animometer is :
(A) An instrument that measures the wind speed
(B) An instrument that measures the air masses
(C) An instrument that measures speed
(D) An instrument that measures velocity
Answer:
(A) An instrument that measures the wind speed
Question 68.
Trade winds are :
(A) Moisturous
(B) Hot and wet
(C) Dry
(D) Wet
Answer:
(C) Dry
Question 69.
Beaufort scale is used to measure :
(A) Air pressure
(B) Wind velocity
(C) Wind direction
(D) Humidity
Answer:
(B) Wind velocity
Question 70.
The Torrid Zone lies between :
(A) The Equator and the Tropic of Cancer
(B) The Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn
(C) The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
(D) Precipitation and natural vegetation
Answer:
(C) The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
Question 71.
Nitrogen and Oxygen constitute of the total gaseous composition of the atmosphere.
(A) 93 %
(B) 95 %
(C) 97 %
(D) 99 %
Answer:
(D) 99 %
Question 72.
Which of the following is a Greenhouse gas ?
(A) Carbondioxide
(B) Ozone
(C) Oxygen
(D) Nitrogen
Answer:
(A) Carbondioxide
Question 73.
Most of the ultraviolet rays one absorbed by
(A) Hydrogen
(B) Nitrogen
(C) Ozone
(D) Carbondioxide
Answer:
(C) Ozone
Question 74.
________ is a permanent gas in the atmosphere.
(A) Carbondioxide
(B) Ozone
(C) Nitrogen
(D) Hydrogen
Answer:
(C) Nitrogen
Question 75.
Atmospheric water vapour content is highest in the
(A) Temperate region
(B) Polar region
(C) Equatorial region
(D) Tropical region
Answer:
(D) Tropical region
Question 76.
The English word ‘atmosphere’ comes from the green word ‘atmos’, which means-
(A) Air
(B) Vapour
(C) Evaporation
(D) Envelop of gases
Answer:
(B) Vapour
Question 77.
The sky appears blue due to selective scattering of solar radiation by-
(A) Salt particles
(B) Dust particles
(C) Both A and B
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) Dust particles
Question 78.
Troposphere contains about ______ of the total gaseous mars of the atmosphere.
(A) 70 %
(B) 75 %
(C) 80 %
(D) 85 %
Answer:
(B) 75 %
Question 79.
Which of the following is also called the convective region?
(A) lonosphere
(B) Ozonosphere
(C) Troposphere
(D) Mesosphere
Answer:
(C) Troposphere
Question 80.
The wind velocity increases with height in the –
(A) Troposphere
(B) Stratosphere
(C) Stratopause
(D) lonosphere
Answer:
(A) Troposphere
Question 81.
The thickness of the stratosphere is highest at the –
(A) Poles
(B) Tropics
(C) Equator
(D) All of these
Answer:
(A) Poles
Question 82.
Which gas protects us from the harmful ultraviolet rays ?
(A) Nitrogen
(B) Oxygen
(C) Ozone
(D) Carbondioxide
Answer:
(C) Ozone
Question 83.
The credit for the discovery of ionosphere goes to –
(A) Napier Shaw
(B) Picardy
(C) Kennelly and Heaviside
(D) Teisserence de Bort
Answer:
(C) Kennelly and Heaviside
Question 84.
During the winter season, the stratosphere is warmest between the latitudes
(A) 50°-60°
(B) 50°-65°
(C) 50°-70°
(D) 50°-75°
Answer:
(A) 50°-60°
Question 85. ‘Aurora Borealis’ is produced in the
(A) Exosphere
(B) Ionosphere
(C) Mesosphere
(D) Stratosphere
Answer:
(B) Ionosphere
Question 86.
Match the following
Answer:
Question 87.
helps to keep the temperature of the earth’s surface moderate.
(A) Gases
(B) Water vapour
(C) Particulate matter
(D) All of these
Answer:
(B) Water vapour
Question 88.
Which of the following is an important feature of the Troposphere?
(A) It is isothermal in character
(B) There is maximum concentration of ozone
(C) There is a decrease of temperature with increase in altitude at a mean lapse rate of about 6.5°C
(D) There is a steep rise in temperature
Answer:
(C) There is a decrease of temperature with increase in altitude at a mean lapse rate of about 6.5°C
Question 89.
The outermost layer of the atmosphere is known as
(A) Exosphere
(B) lonosphere
(C) Mesosphere
(D) Ozonosphere
Answer:
(A) Exosphere
Question 90.
The gases which are predominant in the exosphere are
(A) Hydrogen and Neon
(B) Hydrogen and Ozone
(C) Hydrogen and Methane
(D) Hydrogen and Helium
Answer:
(D) Hydrogen and Helium
Question 91.
Troposphere, Stratosphere and Mesosphere are subdivisions of the
(A) Homosphere
(B) Heterosphere
(C) Chemosphere
(D) Pyrosphere
Answer:
(A) Homosphere
Question 92.
The atmosphere receives most of its energy from
(A) Sun
(B) Long wave terrestrial radiation
(C) Albedo
(D) Short wave terrestrial radiation
Answer:
(A) Sun
Question 93.
The transfer of heat through the molecules of matter in any body is called
(A) Radiation
(B) Convection
(C) Conduction
(D) Advection
Answer:
(B) Convection
Question 94.
The process of transfer of energy from one body to another without the aid of any material is called –
(A) Conduction
(B) Radiation
(C) Convection
(D) Advection
Answer:
(C) Convection
Question 95.
What percentage of outgoing longwave terrestrial radiation is absorbed by atmosphere?
(A) 60 %
(B) 70 %
(C) 80 %
(D) 90 %
Answer:
(D) 90 %
Question 96.
The increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere will increase the
(A) Heat
(B) Greenhouse effect
(C) Radiation
(D) Evaporation
Answer:
(B) Greenhouse effect
Question 97.
The earth’s surface recelves maximum solar energy at about
(A) 11: 00 am
(B) 12 Noon
(C) 1: 00 pm
(D) 2: 00 pm
Answer:
(B) 12 Noon
Question 98.
The thermal inversion in the upper air is caused by the presence of
(A) Carbondioxide
(B) Ozone layer
(C) Water vapour
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) Ozone layer
Question 99.
Which of the following surface receives very low insolation ?
(A) Snow cover
(B) Sand
(C) Black soil
(D) Forest
Answer:
(A) Snow cover
Question 100.
The horizontal distribution of temperature is represented and studied with the help of –
(A) Isotherms
(B) Isobars
(C) Isohyte
(D) Isohayline
Answer:
(A) Isotherms
Question 101.
The weight of air on unit area of the earth is called
(A) Air weight
(B) Air pressive
(C) Air mass
(D) Air volume
Answer:
(B) Air pressive
Question 102.
The atmospheric pressure is maximum at the
(A) Coastal areas
(B) Interior parts of continents
(C) Sea level
(D) All of these
Answer:
(C) Sea level
Question 103.
The standard air pressure at sea level is –
(A) 1018.25 m
(B) 1021.25 m
(C) 1013.25 m
(D) 1015.25 m
Answer:
(C) 1013.25 m
Question 104.
Which of the following pressure belt is thermally inducted?
(A) Subtropical high pressure belt
(B) Equatorial low pressure belt
(C) Subpolar low pressure belt
(D) Both ‘A’ and ‘C’
Answer:
(B) Equatorial low pressure belt
Question 105.
The winds blowing almost in the same direction throughout the year are called
(A) Prevailing winds
(B) Seasonal winds
(C) Local winds
(D) Variable winds
Answer:
(A) Prevailing winds
Question 106.
Winds blowing in a particular locality are called
(A) Seasonal winds
(B) Local winds
(C) Mountain winds
(D) Land and sea breeze
Answer:
(B) Local winds
Question 107.
Which winds are famous for there steady direction and wind speed?
(A) Westerlies
(B) Easterlies
(C) Polar winds
(D) Trade winds
Answer:
(D) Trade winds
Question 108.
The subtropical high pressure belt is the source of –
(A) Polar winds
(B) Trade winds
(C) Local winds
(D) Westerlies
Answer:
(B) Trade winds
Question 109.
The continent having the greatest monsoonal influence is –
(A) North America
(B) Asia
(C) South America
(D) Australia
Answer:
(B) Asia
Question 110.
Which of the following wind prevails on the eastern slopes of the Rocky mountains in Wyoming and Montana?
(A) Santa Ana
(B) Mistral
(C) Sirocco
(D) Chinook
Answer:
(D) Chinook
Question 111.
Which of the following is an intensely hot and dry wind of the Asiatic and African deserts?
(A) Khamsin
(B) Sirocco
(C) Simoom
(D) Harmatian
Answer:
(C) Simoom
Question 112.
Which of the following is a cold north-western wind that blows towards the western mediteranean basin from higher elevations?
(A) Mistral
(B) Bora
(C) Blizzard
(D) Harmattan
Answer:
(A) Mistral
Question 113.
The most important form of suspended water droplets caused by condensation is
(A) Fog
(B) Ice
(C) Cloud
(D) Frost
Answer:
(C) Cloud
Question 114.
is the most common form of precipitation
(A) Snow
(B) Rainfall
(C) Sleet
(D) Hail
Answer:
(B) Rainfall
Question 115.
Which of the following is a warm weather phenomena associated with lightning and thunder?
(A) Convectional rainfall
(B) Orographic rainfall
(C) Frontal rainfall
(D) All of these
Answer:
(A) Convectional rainfall
Question 116.
Which of the following rainfall occur due to ascent of air, forced by mountain barrier?
(A) Convectional rainfall
(B) Orographic rainfall
(C) Cyclonic rainfall
(D) All of these
Answer:
(B) Orographic rainfall
Question 117.
Indian monsoon is the best example of
(A) Convectional rainfall
(B) Cyclonic rainfall
(C) Orographic rainfall
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) Orographic rainfall
Question 118.
Southern plateau in the east of Western Ghats is the example of
(A) Inversion of rainfall
(B) Cloud instability
(C) Maximum rainfall line
(D) Rain shadow area
Answer:
(D) Rain shadow area
Question 119.
The precipitation associated with cold fronts is always in the form of
(A) Snow
(B) Drizzle
(C) Thunder shower
(D) Sleet
Answer:
(C) Thunder shower
Question 120.
Most of the rains of temperate regions are received through
(A) Cyclonic rainfall
(B) Orographic rainfall
(C) Convectional rainfall
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) Cyclonic rainfall
Question 121.
Which of the following pressure belt is called ‘Horse latitude’ ?
(A) Polar high pressure belt
(B) Subpolar low pressure belt
(C) Subtropical high pressure belt
(D) Equatorial low pressure belt
Answer:
(C) Subtropical high pressure belt
Question 122.
Which of the following winds blows parallel to the isobars, generally at a height of 600 m ?
(A) Gradient wind
(B) geostrophic wind
(C) Invariable wind
(D) Surface wind
Answer:
(B) geostrophic wind
Question 123.
The direction of surface wind is usually controlled by
(A) Pressure gradient
(B) Rotation of the earth
(C) Deflection forces
(D) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’
Answer:
(D) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’
Question 124.
The zone extending 5°N to 5°S along the equator is called
(A) Doldrums
(B) Horse latitudes
(C) Trade wind
(D) Westerlies
Answer:
(A) Doldrums
Question 125.
Winter precipitation in the Northern part of India is an example of ______ rainfall.
(A) Orographic
(B) Monsoonal
(C) Convectional
(D) Cyclonic
Answer:
(D) Cyclonic
Question 126.
The monsoon region is located in the ______ rainfall zero.
(A) Mediterranean
(B) Trade wind
(C) Subtropical
(D) Midlatitude
Answer:
(B) Trade wind
Question 127.
______ is an example of atmospheric disturbance.
(A) Rain
(B) Cyclone
(C) Fronts
(D) Winds
Answer:
(B) Cyclone
Question 128.
Temperate cyclones are formed where
(A) Contrasting air masses generally meet
(B) Same air masses generally meet
(C) No air masses meet
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) Contrasting air masses generally meet
Question 129.
Which of the following is a real temperate cyclone?
(A) Dynamic cyclone
(B) Thermal cyclone
(C) Secondary cyclone
(D) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’
Answer:
(A) Dynamic cyclone
Question 130.
The diameter of the temperate cyclone varies from
(A) 160-3200 km
(B) 170-3400 km
(C) 180-3600 km
(D) 190-3800 km
Answer:
(A) 160-3200 km
Question 131.
The vertical extent of an average cyclone is about
(A) 10-12 km
(B) 12-14 km
(C) 14-16 km
(D) 16-18 km
Answer:
(A) 10-12 km
Question 132.
Most of the cyclones and anticyclones in the westerly wind belt move from –
(A) East to West
(B) West to East
(C) North to East
(D) South to West
Answer:
(B) West to East
Question 133.
On an average, diameter of tropical cyclone ranges between
(A) 80-500 km
(B) 80-400 km
(C) 80-300 km
(D) 80-200 km
Answer:
(C) 80-300 km
Question 134.
Tropical cyclones affect the
(A) Interior areas of continents
(B) Coastal areas of continents
(C) Peninsular areas of continents
(D) Central areas of continents
Answer:
(B) Coastal areas of continents
Question 135.
Tropical cyclone develops in the regions
(A) of high latitudes
(B) of mid-latitudes
(C) Along the equator
(D) Lying between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn
Answer:
(D) Lying between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn
Question 136.
Tropical cyclones move from East to West under the influence of
(A) Easterlies
(B) Westerlies
(C) Polar winds
(D) Trade winds
Answer:
(D) Trade winds
Question 137.
________ develops in the Caribbean Sea and North Pacific Ocean during summer months.
(A) Hurricanes or Typhoons
(B) Tropical disturbances
(C) Tropical depressions
(D) Tropical storms
Answer:
(B) Tropical disturbances
Question 138.
_______ develops frequently in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian sea during the summer season.
(A) Tropical storms
(B) Tropical depressions
(C) Tropical disturbances
(D) Hurricanes or Typhoons
Answer:
(A) Tropical storms
Question 139.
Match the following :
Answer:
Question 140.
Tropical cyclones originate over warm oceans having average surface temperature of ______ during summer.
(A) 27° C
(B) 30° C
(C) 33° C
(D) 36° C
Answer:
(A) 27° C
Question 141.
Tropical cyclone influence the climatic conditions of India between
(A) April and September
(B) April and October
(C) April and November
(D) April and December
Answer:
(D) April and December
Question 142.
Which of the following is a funnel-shaped cyclone with thick clouds?
(A) Tornadoes
(B) Hurricanes
(C) Thunderstorms
(D) Depressions
Answer:
(A) Tornadoes
Question 143.
Auticyclones are vast areas of high pressure with a system of _______ surface winds.
(A) Diverging
(B) Converging
(C) Deformative
(D) Diffusing
Answer:
(A) Diverging
Question 144.
Auticyclones are indicative of –
(A) Humid weather
(B) Dry weather
C) Rainy weather
(D) Hot and dry weather
Answer:
(B) Dry weather
Question 145.
The diameter of anticyclones of mid-latitudes is about
(A) 2000 km
(B) 3000 km
(C) 4000 km
(D) 5000 km
Answer:
(B) 3000 km
Fill in the blanks : 1 Mark
1. Ozone layer was discovered by ________.
2. ‘El Nino’ means ________.
3. Barometer was discovered by ________.
4. A _____ is used to measure air pressure.
5. Air pressure is measured by the unit ________.
6. A ______ is used to measure aire temperature.
7. A ________ is used to measure humidity of air.
8. The westerlies are referred to as roaring forties along the ______ latitude.
9. the westerlies are referred to screaming sixties along the _______ latitude.
10. The _______ is a comparatively calur layer of atmosphere.
11. Van Allen radiation belt can be seen at an altitude of ________.
12. The temperature of the upper part of the mesosphere is about ________.
13. ________ are the chief ozone destroying gases.
14. The radio waves are reflected back to the earth from the ________.
15. Sea breeze blows during ________.
16. The _______ helps to detect rapid change in air pressure.
17. Pompero blows in the valley of river ________.
18. The _______ helps to measure wind speed.
19. In the tropical region, the deserts have been created on the side of the _______ continents.
20. The land breeze blows with the greatest speed during the ________.
21. If pressure gradient increases, wind speed ________.
22. By ferrel’s law, winds deflect towards the in the _______ southern hemisphere.
23. The mediterranearn region received rainfall during ________.
24. the cold wind blowing along the Adriatic Sea coast during winter is called ________.
25. The winds are called ‘snow eaters’.
26. The ________ winds are the heavy winds that descend along the mountain slopes.
27. Connectional rainfall occurs from _______ clouds.
28. Smoke and fog together produce ________.
29. Relative humidity is measured by the instrument called ________.
30. _______ is a rain shadow area in India.
Answer:
1. Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson
2. Christ child
3. Torricelli
4. Barometer
5. Milibar
6. Thermometer
7. Hygrometer
8. 40°
9. 60°
10. Stratosphere
11. 4000 km
12. (-) 93°C
13. CFCs
14. Ionosphere
15. Day time
16. Barogram
17. Rhine
18. Anemometer
19. Western
20. Early morning
21. Increases
22. Left
23. Winter
24. Bora
25. Chinook
26. Katabatic
27. Cumulonimbus
28. Smog
29. Psychrometer
30. Shillong/Eastern slope of Western Ghats
State True or False : 1 Mark
1. The CO2 absorbs the ultraviolet rays of the sun. [ ]
2. The water vapour present in the atmosphere leads to the scattering of light. [ ]
3. Hydrogen gas concentrates at an altitude of 200-1100 km above the earth’s surface. [ ]
4. The meteors coming from outer space one burnt in the mesosphere of the earth’s atmosphere. [ ]
5. The jet planes fly through the stratosphere. [ ]
6. The thickness of the troposphere is about 8 km near the equator. [ ]
7. CFCs are emitted by refrigerators, air conditioners etc. [ ]
8. The tropopause lies between the stratosphere and mesosphere. [ ]
9. The boiling point of water by the Fahrenheit scale is 212°F. [ ]
10. High pressure prevails in the Arctic circle region. [ ]
11. Orographic rainfall occurs in the windward slope of the mountains. [ ]
12. In tropical regions, cyclones occur due to formation of fronts. [ ]
13. Inversion of temperature occurs in the stratosphere. [ ]
14. A local wind named Fohn blows in Alps mountainous region. [ ]
15. Due to the coriolis force, winds are deflected towards the right in the northern hemisphere, and towards the left in the southern hemisphere. [ ]
16. The 30°-35° latitudes are also known as horse latitudes. [ ]
17. The jet stream influences the monsoon winds. [ ]
18. Low pressure prevails in the centre of anticyclones. [ ]
19. The centre of the cyclone is known as an eye. [ ]
20. The westerlies blow with higher speed in the southern hemisphere than the northern hemisphere. [ ]
21. The anticyclone moves in a clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere. [ ]
22. Cyclones commonly occur in China. [ ]
Answer:
1. Flase
2. Flase
3. Flase
4. True
5. True
6. Flase
7. True
8. Flase
9. True
10. Flase
11. True
12. Flase
13. True
14. True
15. True
16. True
17. True
18. Flase
19. True
20. True
21. True
22. Flase
Answer in few words : 1 Mark
Question 1.
What is the envelop of air around the earth called?
Answer:
Atmosphere.
Question 2.
Which gas is needed by green plants?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide.
Question 3.
Which gas saves us from the harmful Ultraviolet rays ?
Answer:
Ozone.
Question 4.
Which is the densest layer of the atmosphere ?
Answer:
Troposphere.
Question 5.
What lies between the stratosphere and mesosphere?
Answer:
The Stratopause.
Question 6.
Which force is responsible for exertion of atmospheric pressure on the earth’s surface?
Answer:
The gravitational force of the earth.
Question 7.
What is the horizontal movement of air called ?
Answer:
Wind.
Question 8.
What is the other name for permanent winds ?
Answer:
Planetary winds.
Question 9.
Name two winds blowing in opposite directions.
Answer:
The easterlies or trade winds and the westerlies.
Question 10.
What type of a wind is the monsoon wind ?
Answer:
Periodic wind.
Question 11.
How is humidity represented ?
Answer:
In percentage.
Question 12.
By which process does water vapour in the air change into water ?
Answer:
Condensation.
Question 13.
What is ‘dew’?
Answer:
Tiny droplets of water that remain suspended in the air.
Question 14.
What is sleet?
Answer:
Rain and snow falling together.
Question 15.
Name two rain-bearing clouds.
Answer:
Cumulus and nimbus.
Question 16.
Where does relief rainfall occur?
Answer:
Windward side of mountains.
Question 17.
Does warm air hold more or less water vapour ?
Answer:
More water vapour.
Question 18.
Does speedy winds increase the rate of evaporation?
Answer:
Yes.
Question 19.
What is a saturated air ?
Answer:
Air that holds the maximum amount of water vapour that it can hold.
Question 20.
Name the instruments measuring humidity.
Answer:
Hygrometer.
Question 21.
What is measured by a Six’s Maximum and Minimum thermometer?
Answer:
Maximum and minimum temperatures of a day.
Question 22.
On what does the amount of rainfall depend ?
Answer:
Moisture content of the air.
Question 23.
What is the side of the mountain facing away from the wind called?
Answer:
Leeward side.
Question 24.
Which is the most widespread form of rainfall ?
Answer:
Orographic or relief rainfall.
Question 25.
Where are the meeting of warm and cold fronts common ?
Answer:
The middle latitudes.
Question 26.
Which season receives most of the rainfall on the earth’s surface?
Answer:
Summer.
Question 27.
Do the borders or interiors of the continents get more rainfall ?
Answer:
Borders of the continents.
Question 28.
Which is the hottest part of the earth ?
Answer:
The equatorial region.
Question 29.
Among on-shore and off-shore winds, which one has less moisture content?
Answer:
Off-shore winds.
Question 30.
What happens to relative humidity when temperature decreases ?
Answer:
Relative humidity increases.