WBBSE Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Satellite Imagery and Topographical Map

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 10 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 6 Satellite Imagery and Topographical Map offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Question Answer – Satellite Imagery and Topographical Map

Answer in short : 2 Marks

Question 1.
Name the three phases in preparing satellite imageries.
Answer:
Space segment, sensor segment and ground segment.

Question 2.
What is the importance of topographical maps ?
Answer:
Topographical maps give a pictographic representation of the original region with the help of various signs and symbols. It helps to understand the correlation between physical and cultural features of the area.

Question 3.
What is the main difference in preparing a topographical map and satellite imagery?
Answer:
Satellite imageries are prepared from photos taken by satellite sensors. Topographical maps are prepared by field survey.

Question 4.
What do you mean by ‘grand samples’ or ‘reference data’?
Answer:
To extract useful informations from satellite imageries, some information needs to be collected from the ground itself. This is known as ‘ground samples’ or ‘reference data’.

Question 5.
Mention the steps in acquiring satellite imageries.
Answer:
The steps in acquiring satellite imageries are :

1. Collection of ground samples
2. Image acquisition
3. Processing of satellite imagery
4. Creation of map.

Question 6.
What is a topographical map ?
Answer:
The map that represents the physical as well as cultural features of a place at a time with the help of certain colours and conventional symbols, is called a topographical map.

Question 7.
Where is blue colour used in a toposheet ?
Answer:
Blue colour is used in a toposheet to represent perennial rivers, tanks, reservoirs, ponds etc.

Question 8.
Where is red colour used in a toposheet ?
Answer:
In a toposheet red colour is used to represent roads and settlements.

Question 9.
What are satellite imageries?
Answer:
The images prepared by information sent by the satellites imageries. These are prepared by reading and representing the signals sent by the satellites with the help of high technological know-how.

Question 10.
What is a sensor?
Answer:
A sensor is a specialised camera that is installed in a satellite in order to take photographs of the earth.

Question 11.
What is a platform ?
Answer:
The place where the artificial satellite is installed in space, is called a platform. Question 12. How many kind of sensors are there?
Answer: Sensors can be of two kinds – the active sensors and the inactive sensors.

Question 13.
What are active sensers?
Answer:
The sensors that work on their own to generate energy and capture photograps of any item or a region, are called active sensors. Eg-Radar, Radio meter, Ledon, etc.

Question 14.
What are inactive sensors?
Answer:
The sensors that depend on the reflection of sunlight for preparation of images are called inactive sensors. They do not possess any electro-magnetic force. EgPhotographic camera, electronic camera, multispectral camera, etc.

Question 15.
What is Remote sensing ?
Answer:
Remote sensing is the method of collecting information of a place or region without physically reaching there.

Question 16.
What is Landsat?
Answer:
Landsat is a very special kind of satellite launched by the NASA, USA. So far, 8 satellites of this series have been launched. (Landsat 1-8). Landsat 1 was launched in 1972 and Landsat 8 was launched in 2013.

Question 17.
What is IRS ?
Answer:
IRS stands for Indian Remote Sensing Satellite. So far, 20 satellites have been launched by India for preparing satellite imageries and other purposes, of which 11 are of IRS series. The latest of this series launched in 2013 is SARAL.

Question 18.
What do you mean by False Colour Composite or FCC ?
Answer:
The satellite imageries represent the various features of the earth’s surface (rivers, forest, roadways, railways, etc.) in different colours other than their original natural colours. This is known as False Colour Composite. Initially they may seem to confuse, but actually they help to bring out the details of a region more accurately.

Answer in brief : 3 Marks

Question 1.
What are the merits of satellite imageries ?
Answer:
The merits of satellite imageries are :

1. They can give synoptic view of the earth (23 cm × 23 cm maps) as well as represent huge areas (30,000 sq km)
2. Information of resources and physical processes working in rugged and difficult terrains can be acquired easily.
3. Clear images can be taken ever under cloud cover.
4. Information collected is digital and that can be easily analysed by computers.
5. Weather forecasts can be gathered.

Question 2.
What are the demerits of satellite imageries?
Answer:
The demerits of satellite imageries are :

1. Images cannot be taken in cloud cover without microwave sensors.
2. Critical survey of very minute areas is not possible.
3. Actual size or height of an object cannot be determined accurately.
4. Similar objects lying side by side are difficult to assess.
5. The whole process of acquiring images is very expensive:

Question 3.
What are the characteristics of topographical maps ?
Answer:
Topographical maps are a special type of maps, where physical and man made features are shown together. The characteristics are :

1. They are prepared in precise scales. Hence location and size of objects can be represented accurately.
2. Relief and drainage patterns are represented along with the cultural features like settlements, schools, temples, mosques, railway lines, PO etc. This helps to understand the correlation between physical and cultural features.
3. The economic conditions of a region can be understood.

Question 4.
What are the characteristics of satellite imageries?
Answer:
The characteristics of satellite imageries are:

1. They can supply complete weather information and imagery of a full hemisphere at a time.
2. Imageries can also be obtained in segments for detailed descriptions.
3. They help in resource surveys.

Question 5.
What are the uses of satellite imageries?
Answer:
The different uses of satellite imageries are:

1. They are used for weather forecasting.
2. They are used to monitor agricultural yield and their quality.
3. They help to gather information about other planets and special objects in order to conduct advanced researches on them.

Question 6.
Mention the various scales on which topographical maps may be constructed.
Answer:

Question 7.
List the importances of toposheets.
Answer:
The importances of toposheets are:

1. It helps to understand and study the physical characteristics of the region.
2. It helps to understand and analyse the different cultural features (roads, settlements, etc.) of the same area with respect to physical features.
3. It helps to plan for economic development.
4. It helps to analyse the relation between man and nature.

Question 8.
What are the characteristics of a topographical map representing a plain area?
Answer:
The characteristics of a topographical sheet representing a plain area are :

1. The contour value is around 100 m, and the contour lines are placed far away from each other.
2. Lesser number of contour lines seen on the map area.
3. The rivers are usually perennial and meandering. They contain sandbars and may cause flood.
4. Forest were hardly present. Much areas lie under agriculture.
5. All kinds of transport and communication are available.
6. Huge population and large settlements are seen in the junctions or nodal points.

Question 9.
What are the characteristics of topographical sheets representing plateau areas?
Answer:
The charateristics of topographical sheets representing plateau area are :

1. The contour value lies between 300-900 m and they are medium areas.
2. The rivers are straight in the hilly region and start meandering beyond that.
3. Numerous non-perennial rivers can be seen spreading like branches of trees.
4. Badlands, monadnocks, alluvial caves, mountain ridges, etc. can be seen.
5. Dense reserves and protected forests can be seen.
6. Small clusters of settlements in the plain regions and dispersed settlements in hilly regions are seen.

Question 10.
What are the characteristics of topographical sheets representing hilly regions.
Answer:
The characteristics of topographical sheets representing hilly regions are :

1. The contour values lies above 900 m. and are closely spaced. They look like concentric circles.
2. Conical hills, dormal hills, I and V shaped Valleys, cliffes, spurs, ridges, etc. can be seen.
3. In maps of glacial regions, presence of morain can be seen.

Question 11.
Name the features usually shown in a topographical map.
Answer:
The features represented in a topographical map are :

1. Relief – Relative height, slope, ruggedness, landform.
2. Rivers – Main and tributary rivers, drainage patterns, drainage density.
3. Vegetation – Natural forests, Protected and Reserved forests.
4. Settlements – Settlement patterns, density of settlements.
5. Transport and communications – Railways, roadways, telegraph and telephone lines, etc.

Question 12.
What is a Transect Chart ?
Answer:
Transect chart is an illustration drawn based in the topographical map, representing the relation between physical and cultural or man made features of the same region. They help in understanding the inter-relationship between the physical and cultural features. They also help in planning for development of the area.

Question 13.
What is Spectral Resolution?
Answer:
In Satellite imageries, the images created by the refracted light rays from the space coming perpendicular to the earth’s surface are called ‘Spectral Resolution’.

Question 14.
What is Spatial resolution?
Answer:
In satellite imageries, the images created by the refracted light rays falling horizontally on any place or item on the earth’s surface, are called spatial resolution.

Answer in details : 5 Marks

Question 1.
State the differences between satellite imageries and topographical maps.
Answer:

Satellite imageries	Topographical maps
i. Prepared from photos captured by satellite sensors.	i. Prepared by field survey.
ii. Represent landforms and other features as they look originally.	ii. Represent landforms and other features by conventional symbols.
iii. Images of difficult terrains can be taken easily.	iii. Very difficult to conduct survey on rugged terrain.
iv. Modern concept depending on sophisticated technology.	iv. Traditional way of mapping a surveyed area.
v. Special training is needed to read satellite imageries.	v. Knowledge of conventional signs is enough to understand topographical maps.
vi Takes much less time for preparation.	vi. Takes much time in survey and preparation of maps.
vii. Quite expensive.	vii. Comparatively less expensive.
viii. Weather conditions influence quality of images.	viii. Weather conditions to do influence the quality of maps.
ix. Digital images are acquired.	ix. Normal maps are prepared.
x. Images are used for study of regions as well as weather forecasting.	x. Only study of regions is possible. No weather forecasting is possible in this system.

Question 2.
Discuss the steps in acquiring satellite imageries.
Answer:
The different steps in acquiring satellite imageries are :
i. Collection of ground samples : To extract useful information from satellite imageries, some information needs to be collected from the ground itself. This is called ‘ground samples’ or ‘reference data’ of ‘field data’. This helps to verify what the satellite sensors are detecting.

ii. Image acquisition : Images are captured by the desired sensor chosen as per requirements.
iii. Processing of satellite imagery : Once the imagery is acquired, analysts typically go through a series of steps to prepare imagery for analysis.
iv. Creation of map : Once the mathematical relationship between the satellite data and the field data has been developed, it is applied to all pixels in the imagery to create a map. These maps are then put into the Geographical Information System (GIS).

Question 3.
Discuss the importances of Satellite imageries.
Answer:
The importances of satellite imageries are:

1. Satellite imageries give every detail of a region with maximum accuracy.
2. Information regarding landform, slope, ruggedness, presence of resources, etc. can easily available from satellite imageries.
3. The imageries can be acquired for multiple uses.
4. They are prepared very fast and are very useful.
5. In order to prepare the imageries, we don’t need to go physically to original places.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) 1 Mark

Question 1.
Satellite imageries are produced in India by
(A) ISRO
(B) NATMO
(C) ISI
(D) IIRS
Answer:
(A) ISRO

Question 2.
Information gathered by satellites are
(A) Digital
(B) Mechanical
(C) Thematic
(D) IIRS
Answer:
(A) Digital

Question 3.
Images cannot be taken in cloud cover without
(A) Solar cells
(B) Microwave sensors
(C)Flood lights
(D) Mathematical
Answer:
(B) Microwave sensors

Question 4.
The actual height of places above sea land are represented by
(A) Spot height
(B) Layer colouring
(C) Hectre
(D) Contours
Answer:
(A) Spot height

Question 5.
In a topographical map, relief is shown by
(A) Layering
(B) Hachuring
(C) Hill shading
(D) Contours
Answer:
(D) Contours

Question 6.
In a topographical map, settlements are represented by ___ colour.
(A) Red
(B) Black
(C) Brown
(D) Green
Answer:
(A) Red

Question 7.
Which one is used for storing data in computers?
(A) Magnetic tape
(B)VDU
(C) Floppy disc
(D) Joy Stick
Answer:
(D) Joy Stick

Question 8.
Satellite imageries are produced in USA by
(A) ISRO
(B) SPOT
(C) LANDSAT
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) LANDSAT

Question 9.
The term ‘Topography’ has originated from
(A) Greek
(B)Spanish
(C) French
(D) Latin
Answer:
(A) Greek

Question 10.
The physical and cultural characteristics of a place can be known from a
(A) Mouza map
(B) Topo map
(C) Weather map
(D) Political map
Answer:
(B) Topo map

Question 11.
The term ‘Topography’ means
(A) Description of river
(B) Discription of region
(C) Political conditon
(D) Description of weather
Answer:
(B) Discription of region

Question 12.
Topographical maps are read with the help of
(A) Graph
(B) Colours
(C) Conventional symbols
(D) Scale
Answer:
(C) Conventional symbols

Question 13.
The lines that represent height in a topographical map are called
(A) Contours
(B) Isobars
(C) Isohyets
(D) Isotopes
Answer:
(A) Contours

Question 14.
The contours in a topomap are drawn in
(A) Blue
(B) Black
(C) Red
(D) Brown
Answer:
(D) Brown

Question 15.
R.F. of a degree sheet of map is
(A) 1: 10,00,000
(B) 1: 2,50,000
(C) 1: 1,00,000
(D) 1: 50,000
Answer:
(B) 1: 2,50,000

Question 16.
Height of any place measured from the Mean Sea Level is called
(A) Point
(B) Spot height
(C) Bench Mark
(D) Survey station
Answer:
(D) Survey station

Question 17.
The total number of topographical maps constructed to represent the whole earth is
(A) 2232
(B) 2222
(C) 2322
(D) 3222
Answer:
(B) 2222

Question 18.
The contour interval in a topomap is
(A) 1 m or 5 m
(B) 10 m or 20 m
(C) 30 m or 50 m
(D) 50 m or 100 m
Answer:
(B) 10 m or 20 m

Question 19.
The 4° × 4° maps are called _____ in India.
(A) Inch sheet maps
(B) Degree sheet maps
(C) Foot sheet maps
(D) Million sheet maps
Answer:
(D) Million sheet maps

Question 20.
Satellite imageries are captured with the help of
(A) Camera
(B) Light
(C) Rays
(D) Sensors
Answer:
(D) Sensors

Question 21.
The location where the artificial satellites are set in the space is called
(A) Spot
(B) Sensor
(C) Platform
(D) Location
Answer:
(C) Platform

Question 22.
A satellite imagery is a
(A) Picture of the satellite
(B) Picture of the earth
(C) Picture of space
(D) Picture constructed with the help of information collected by the satellite.
Answer:
(D) Picture constructed with the help of information collected by the satellite.

Question 23.
What is the scale of a map representing 2 cm to 1 km ?
(A) 1: 10,000
(B) 1: 20,000
(C) 1: 50,000
(D) 1: 1,00,000
Answer:
(C) 1: 50,000

Question 24.
With the help of what does the sensor of a satellite take the photos of the surface?
(A) Rotation
(B) Oxygen
(C) Carbon dioxide
(D) Radiated heat
Answer:
(D) Radiated heat

Question 25.
An example of a sensor used in satellites is
(A) MISS
(B) LISS
(C) DISS
(D) TISS
Answer:
(B) LISS

Question 26.
The electro-magnetic waves that help satellites to capture photographs is received from the
(A) Moon
(B) Earth
(C) Sun
(D) Electric current
Answer:
(C) Sun

Question 27.
Remote Sensing was started in India in
(A) 1952
(B) 1962
(C) 1972
(D) 1982
Answer:
(B) 1962

Question 28.
The National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) is located in India in
(A) Kolkata
(B) Delhi
(C) Bhopal
(D) Hyderabad
Answer:
(D) Hyderabad

Question 29.
Blue colour in a topographical map depicts
(A) Settlement
(B) Water bodies
(C) Forest
(D) Hills
Answer:
(B) Water bodies

Question 30.
In a 1: 50,000 toposheet, the map number can be like
(A) 45 D/10
(B) 45 D
(C) 45 NW
(D) 45 SE
Answer:
(A) 45 D/10

Question 31.
The Map no. of the toposheet is written in the
(A) NE and SW of the map
(B) Middle of the map
(C) Top left side of the map
(D) Bottom left side of the map
Answer:
(A) NE and SW of the map

Question 32.
The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of a Million Sheet map is
(A) 4° latitude × 4° longitude
(B) 30′ latitude × 30′ longitude
(C) 1° latitude × 1° longitude
(D) 2° latitude × 2° longitude
Answer:
(A) 4° latitude × 4° longitude

Fill in the blanks : 1 Mark

1. Geostationary satellites are placed in an orbit at an altitude of _______ above the equator.
2. _______ satellites are mostly used for weather forecasting and communication purposes.
3. If the scale of the map is 1 cm = 1 km, the R F will be _______.
4. If the scale of the map is 2 inches to one mile, the R F will be _____.
5. Aerial photography came into practice in ________.
6. LISS-I, LISS-II and LISS-III are _______.
7. The inclination of the axis of the camera between _______ and angular position is known as tilt.
8. Photo images are drawn through aeroplanes on ________ projection.
Answer:
1. 36000 km
2. geostationary
3. 1: 1,00,000
4. 1: 31680
5. 1839
6. Sensors
7. Vertical
8. Central

State True or False : 1 Mark

1. The international series of topographical maps are also known as inch sheets. [ ]
2. The height of a place measured with respect to the sea level is known bench mark. [ ]
3. Larger the scale, smaller is the map. [ ]
4. NOAA is an artificial satellite. [ ]
5. OSM is the ‘Open Series Map’ [ ]
Answer:
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True

Answer in few words : 1 Mark

Question 1.
What is the phase of sending the satellite to space and settling it in orbit called?
Answer:
Space segment.

Question 2.
What is the phase where the cameras in the satellite sense and take photographs of the target region?
Answer:
Sensor segment.

Question 3.
What is the phase where the satellite imagery is prepared finally?
Answer:
Ground segment.

Question 4.
What kind of features does a topographical map represent?
Answer:
Natural as well as artificial features.

Question 5.
Who produces topographical maps in India ?
Answer:
The Survey of India.

Question 6.
Where is the head office of the Survey of India located ?
Answer:
Dehradun, Uttaranchal.

Question 7.
What is a ‘Statement scale’ ?
Answer:
A scale where the ratio between ground distance and map distance is put in a statement.

Question 8.
What is a ‘Representative Fraction’?
Answer:
A scale where the relation between the ground distance and map distance is represented by a ratio. e.g. 1: 50,000

Question 9.
What is a linear scale?
Answer:
A graphical representation of the scale mentioned in statement or ratio.

Question 10.
What are the type of different satellite imageries ?
Answer:
Geo-stationary satellite and Sun-synchronus satellite.

Question 11.
What scale map is a topographical map?
Answer:
Large scale map.

Question 12.
Which maps are constructed with the help of conventional symbols that are common internationally?
Answer:
Topographical maps.

Question 13.
How are perennial rivers represented in a toposheet?
Answer:
With the help of blue colour.

Question 14.
How are non-perennial rivers represented in a toposheet?
Answer:
With the help of black colour.

Question 15.
Which colour represents roads and settlements in a toposheet?
Answer:
Red.

Question 16.
How is height represented in a toposheet?
Answer:
With contour lines drawn in brown.

Question 17.
What is represented by yellow colour in a toposheet?
Answer:
Agricultural land.

Question 18.
Which concern controls artificial satellites in India ?
Answer:
ISRO.

Question 19.
LISS, PAN, WiFS etc. are names of what ?
Answer:
Sensors used in satellites.

Question 20.
What are maps representing small areas on large paper called ?
Answer:
Large scale maps.

Question 21.
What are maps representing huge areas on small paper called ?
Answer:
Small scale maps.

Question 22.
What are the cameras used in satellites called ?
Answer:
Scanners.

Question 23.
When was INSAT 1A launched ?
Answer:
10th April, 1982.

Question 24.
What is a Radar?
Answer:
An active sensor of a satellite.

Question 25.
What is the smallest bit of a soft copy called ?
Answer:
Pixel.