Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 10 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 4 Waste Management offer valuable context and analysis.
WBBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Question Answer – Waste Management
Answer in short : 2 Marks
Question 1.
What do you mean by waste ?
Answer:
‘Waste’ refers to items that we don’t need and we discard. They may be harmful to the environment and are non-usable.
Question 2.
Name some types of wastes.
Answer:
Some types of wastes are : solid wastes, liquid wastes, gaseous wastes, toxic wastes, non-toxic wastes etc.
Question 3.
Name some wastes that come from households.
Answer:
Wastes generated in households are remains of vegetables, fruits etc., scales and bones of fishes, polythene packets, broken bottles, plastic containers, tin containers, aluminium foils, excess food items etc.
Question 4.
What are solid wastes?
Answer:
Solid wastes are any type of garbage or rubbish that are generated at home and outside. They may include food wastes, newspapers, broken household and office items, old car tyres etc.
Question 5.
What are liquid wastes ?
Answer:
Liquid wastes include wash waters from homes, cleaning liquids used in industries, waste detergents etc. Sometimes solid wastes are converted to liquids before discarding.
Question 6.
What are gaseous wastes ?
Answer:
Gaseous wastes can result from activities like manufacturing, processing of materials, consumption or other biological processes. Eg- CO2, SO2, N2, NH3 etc.
Question 7.
What are toxic wastes ?
Answer:
Toxic wastes are hazardous, harmful and poisonous to public health and environment. Eg. Old propane tanks, pesticides, mercury containing equipments, lamps, batteries etc.
Question 8.
What are non-toxic wastes ?
Answer:
Non-toxic wastes are not so seriously harmful to public health and environment. They can be easily decomposed. Eg – Domestic wastes, food left-overs, fruits and vegetable peelings, paper, wastes produced by shops, restaurants and schools.
Question 9.
What do you mean by industrial wastes ?
Answer:
The wastes produced by industries manufacturing glass, leather, textile, food, electronics, plastic, metal products etc. are called industrial wastes.
Question 10.
What are agricultural wastes?
Answer:
Agricultural wastes are typical produced by agricultural activities like horticulture, fruit growing, seed growing, livestock breeding, market gardening etc. Apart from biotic wastes, they also include non-biotic wastes like pesticide containers, out- of-date medicines, cocoa pods etc.
Question 11.
What are the different processes of waste management?
Answer:
The different processes of waste management are – reduction, reuse and recycling.
Question 12.
Name some methods by which waste can be disposed.
Answer:
The various methods by which wastes can be disposed are – (i) Dumping on open grounds, (ii) Burning, (iii) Landfilling, (iv) Composting, (v) Manure pit, etc.
Question 13.
What are hazardous wastes?
Answer:
The wastes that harmed the environment and the biotic world dangerously, are called hazardous wastes. Ex – (i) Harmful chemical, (ii) Radio-active wastes, (iii) Infected items discarded from hospitals, etc.
Question 14.
Name some diseases that can spread from solid wastes.
Answer:
Some diseases that can spread from solid wastes are – dysentry, skin diseases, worms, typhoid, tuberculosis, jaundice, tetanus, hepatitis, eye diseases, lung diseases etc.
Question 15.
What do you mean by bio-degradable wastes?
Answer:
The wastes that can be reduced and degraded easily by biological entities are called bio-degardable wastes. Generally, the plant and animal wastes are biodegradable. Ex-Proteins, nucleic acids etc. can be degraded by certain bacteria.
Question 16.
What are non bio-degradable wastes ?
Answer:
The wastes that cannot be reduced or degraded by any biological entity are called non bio-degradable wastes. Ex.- Plastic, glass, polythene etc.
Question 17.
What do you mean by waste management?
Answer:
Waste management is the method of collecting wastes scientifically, segregating them, taking steps for recycle, re-use and reduction, so that the ultimate damage or pollution caused by the wastes comes down to minimum.
Question 18.
What is dumping ?
Answer:
Dumping is the process of discarding wastes (usually from large municipal regions) in a lowland, a little away from the main city.)
Question 19.
What are nuclear wastes?
Answer:
The wastes generated from nuclear reactors, raw materials used in nuclear plants, radio-active elements discarded from nuclear plants, etc. are called nuclear wastes. They are highly reactive and very dangerous.
Question 20.
What is Pyrolysis ?
Answer:
The process by which fuel is obtained from solid wastes by processing them in absence of oxygen, is called pyrolysis.
Question 21.
Name four bio-degradable wastes.
Answer:
- Vegetable peels
- Bones of fishes and meat
- Pieces of newspaper
- Pieces of cotton cloth.
Question 22.
Name two infectious diseases.
Answer:
(i) Influenza, (ii) Hepatitis – B.
Question 23.
What is Landfilling ?
Answer:
The mehtod of discarding wastes in approved grounds, filling up the huge holes dug to bury the wastes, is called Landfilling.
Question 24.
What is Composting ?
Answer:
The bio-degradable wastes are separated and reduced by machines. Then they are degraded with the help of bacteria in order to create humus. The way biotic material produced is called compost, and the process of preparing this is called composting.
Question 25.
What are the most common bad effects of wastes ?
Answer:
Wastes spread bad smell and cause environmental pollution. They help to spread infectious diseases.
Answer in brief : 3 Marks
Question 1.
Name some sources of wastes.
Answer:
Some sources that generate wastes are :
- Household, hospitals, markets, municipalities etc.
- Small business centres.
- Discarded materials from non-producing or abundant factories.
- Construction materials.
- Agriculture and food processing.
- Atomic research centres etc.
Question 2.
Differentiate between toxic and non-toxic wastes.
Answer:
Toxic wastes | Non-toxic wastes |
i. Amount of toxic wastes in the environment is less (10%). | i. Amount of non-toxic wastes in the environment is more (90%). |
ii. They usually come from hospital wastes, old propane tanks, pesticides, lamps, batteries etc. | ii. They usually come from households. |
iii. They are harmful and poisonous. | iii. They are not poisonous and are less harmful. |
iv. They may cause infectious diseases. Toxic wastes | iv. They usually do not cause infections. Non-toxic wastes |
Question 3.
Differentiate between bio-degradable and non-biodegradable wastes.
Answer:
Bio-degradable wastes | Non-biodegradable wastes |
i. Complex biotic materials are converted to simple biotic materials. | i. Wastes cannot be converted to simple substances. |
ii. Generated from plant and animals wastes. | ii. Generated from sources other than plants and animals. |
iii They are degraded by microorganisms like bacteria. | iii. They are degraded by high temperature and pressure. |
iv. Eg-wood, paper, kitchen wastes, food remains etc. | iv. Eg-polythene, PVC, pastic, DDT etc. |
Question 4.
What are ‘manure pits’?
Answer:
‘Manure pits’ are hollows dug in the ground in rural areas in order to decompose bio-degradable wastes. The household wastes are thrown into these pits along with some cowdung. These wastes start decomposing and are converted into biotic manure that are used for agriculture.
Question 5.
What do you mean by landfilling ?
Answer:
Landfilling is the most common method of waste disposal, where the waste is buried underground. But this method is not much in use in modern days, as this required a huge vacant land for this purpose, produces strong methane and other gases and cause contamination problems.
Question 6.
Mention some cases where solid wastes are recycled.
Answer:
Solid wastes recycling helps in conservation of resources, controls environmental pollution and also reduces the cost of production. some examples of recycling soild wastes are :
- Fly ash : Fly ash generated in thermal power stations are used for producing cement, filling up low lands and building low dams.
- Fibres of sugarcane, agricultural wastes etc. : These are used to produce pulp for paper industies.
- Plastic, metals, glass, paper etc. : These are melted or processed to be used as raw materials in the respective industries.
Question 7.
Name the methods by which waste materials can be managed and put to use.
Answer:
The main methods of waste management are :
- Reduction : This refers to the process of waste minimisation at the source itself.
- Re-use : Items like packing boxes, papers, toys, old clothes etc. can be used again and again, thus saving raw materials, money, controlling pollution and environmental degradation.
- Recycling : This refers to processing of used materials into new useful products, thus saving raw materials and resources. Eg – paper, metal, plastic and glass items.
Question 8.
What is the need for waste management ?
Answer:
A proper waste management system is urgently needed for the following reasons –
- To control different types of pollution.
- To stop the spread of infectious diseases.
- To conserve environmental resources including forests, minerals, water etc.
- To recycle hazardous wastes for further production.
Question 9.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Sanitary landfill?
Answer:
Advantages –
- The wastes are buried underground. Hence they spread less air pollution.
- The gases emitted in this process are used to prepare fuels.
- Biotic fertilisers are obtained by composting of the biotic wastes under pressure.
Disadvantages –
- By landfilling, the polluted water from the wastes gradually percolate underground and get mixed with ground water.
- Disposal of wastes in lowlands hamper the ecosystem and reduce agricultural lands.
Question 10.
What do you mean by Bio-remediation?
Answer:
Bio-remediation is the newest method of waste management. This is the method where bio-technology is used to generate several microbes and fungi. These are applied on biotic wastes so that they can be reduced to the lowest forms. This is a faster process of reducing biotic wastes. It was first applied in 1990 . But the method is not absolutely perfect and suitable for waste management. Ex.- This method is not applicable for all kinds of biotic wastes. Also, the oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and other chemicals required by the microbes have to be supplied artificially from outside.
Question 11.
What is Sludge?
Answer:
Different kinds of solid wastes get deposited in drains and sewage pipes, especially in municipal areas. The huge pieces of solid wastes are filtered out with nets. The pieces that are suspended in the sewage water are transfered to large tanks. Calcium carbonate is added to this sewage water, by which the suspended solid wastes settle down at the bottom of the tanks. These deposits at the bottom of the tanks is known as Sludge.
Question 12.
What do you mean by re-use of wastes?
Answer:
The way that the wastes can be used once again in some productive and useful way is called Re-use of wastes. Example of Re-use of wastes can be listed as follows –
- Biotic fertilisers and biogas : Vegetable peels and other biotic wastes from households and localities can be used to produce bio-fertilisers and biogas.
- Sugarcane fibre: Huge amounts of sugarcane fibre are re-used to produce paper pulp for paper industries.
- Old newspapers : Old newspapers, books and copies can be used to produce paper pulp for paper, cardboard, etc.
- Plastic : Old plastic items can be melted to produce new plastic items.
- Glass : Discarded glass can be re-used to make new glass. It is also used as a substitute of asphalt.
- Fly ash : Fly ash can be used for filling up low lands and making bricks.
Question 13.
What do you mean by recycling?
Answer:
The method by which old items are used once again to produce the same item is called recycling. Ex-paper, glass, plastic, metals etc. But the materials produced after recycling is lesser in amount than the initial waste material used.
Question 14.
What is Scrubber? Or what is Scrubbing?
Answer:
Scrubbing is the process of removal of wastes from gases. The gases filled with solid wastes are passed through water. This makes the waste particles wet and heavy. Thus they gradually settle down at the bottom of the containers and waste free gas/air is released. Scrubbing is useful for removing suspended solid wastes from gas/air upto 99 \%.
Answer in details : 5 Marks
Question 1.
Classify the different kinds of wastes.
Answer:
Different types of wastes are as follows:
(i) Solid wastes : Solid wastes are any type of garbage or rubbish generated at home or outside. Eg- food wastes, newspaper, broken household articles etc.
(ii) Liquid wastes : Liquid wastes include wash waters from homes, cleaning liquids used in industries, waste detergents etc. Sometimes, solid wastes are converted to liquids before discarding.
(iii) Gaseous wastes : Gaseous wastes include CO2, SO2, N2O, NH3 etc. produced as a result of manufacturing activites, consumption and other biological processes.
(iv) Toxic wastes : Toxic wastes are harmful and hazardous poisonous wastes that threaten public health and environment. Eg – pesticides, mercury containing equipments, lamps, batteries etc.
(v) Non-toxic wastes: These wastes are not poisonous as such and do not pose a serious problem to the environment. They can be decomposed easily. e.g. domestic wastes, food left-overs, paper, glass etc.
Question 2.
What are the different sources of wastes?
Or
Classify wastes according to their sources.
Answer:
Wastes can be classified according to sources as :
(i) Domestic wastes : These are wastes generated by household activities. Eg – food left-overs, empty containers, carry bags etc.
(ii) Industrial wastes: These are wastes produced by manufacture works in industries like glass, leather, textile, food, electronics, plastic, metal etc.
(iii) Agricultural wastes: These are typically produced by agricultural activities like horticulture, fruit growing, seed growing, livestock, breeding, market, gardening etc. Non-biotic wastes like pesticide containers, out-of-date medicines etc. are also generated.
(iv) Municipal wastes: These include trash or garbage from households, schools, offices, markets, restaurants and other public places.
(v) Organic wastes : These wastes come from animal or plant sources. EgVegetable peels, garden trimming etc.
(vi) Bio-medical wastes: These wastes come from hospitals and clinics. Egused injection syringes, cotton, bandages, surgical items, body parts etc.
(vii) Radioactive wastes: These wastes contain radioactive materials generated as by-products of nuclear power generation. Eg-Buring of uranium fuel in nuclear reactors.
Question 3.
Discuss the effects of waste disposal on the environment.
Answer:
The effects of waste disposal on several parts of the environment are discussed below :
(a) Effect of solid wastes : (i) Solid wastes lying on ground for a long time pollutes the soil and water of the region. (ii) Diseases like typhoid, jaundice, cholera, dysentery, titanus, skin problems, worms, lung diseases etc. may spread.
Bad smell may spread and cause air pollution.
(b) Effect of toxic wastes : (i) Toxic materials cause air, water and soil pollution. (ii) Toxic materials spread into the food web and enter our bodies causing nerve diseases, kidney problems, tumours, genetic problems, cancer, ulcer etc.
(c) Effect of chemical wastes : Chemical wastes coming from pesticides, insecticides etc. tend to reduce nitrogen content of soil, thus reduce fertility. (ii Numerous animals and birds may get killed. (iii) Land may become totally unproductive.
(d) Effect on water : Accumulation of wastes in rivers, lakes, ponds, oceans, etc. causes death of numerous aquatic plants and animals. (ii) Fishes loose reproductive capacities. (iii) Water ecosystems may get disrupted.
(e) Effect on air : Air pollution increases in alarming rates.
(f) Effect on soil : (i) Wastes disposed on grounds change the chemical properties of soils. (ii) Soils may become acidic and salty and unfit for vegetation growth.
Question 4.
Discuss the methods of waste management.
Answer:
The common methods of waste management are :
(i) Reduction : This is a process of waste minimisation at the source itself, and elimination of harmful and persistant wastes. This involves re-designing of products in order to reduce production of wastes at home, work or other places.
(ii) Reuse : To reuse is to use an item again after it has been used before. Reuse helps to save time, money, energy and resouces. Eg- packing boxes, gift wrapers, toys etc.
(iii) Recycling : Recycling is processing used materials into new, useful products. It helps to save raw materials, energy and money and controls pollution and environmental degradation. Eg – newspaper, metal and glass items etc.
Question 5.
Discuss the several processes of waste disposal and management.
Answer:
The different processes of waste disposal and management are :
(i) Segregation of wastes : Separation of wastes at source of collection is known as segregation of wastes. This reduces the cost of transportaion, energy and helps in acquiring organic stock for energy generation. Wastes may be categorised as: (a) Bio-degradable : Kitchen wastes, garden trimmings, paper etc. (b) Non-biodegradable : Plastics, glass, old medicines, containers etc.
(ii) Landfilling : This is the most common and old method of waste disposal where the waste is buried underground. But this method is not in much use in modern days as it requires huge vacant lands, produces strong methane and other gases and cause contamination problems.
(iii) Composting : This is the process by which unsafe organic wastes are turned into safe organic products with the help of microbes. Eg – organic fertilisers produced from kitchen and food wastes.
(iv) Drainage method : This is a method of removal of suspended solid waste particles in disposed fiquids or water before it is discharged back to the environment.
(v) Scrubbing : Wet scrubbing is a method of using a liquid to remove solid, liquid or gaseous wastes and pollutants. The scrubbing liquid is sprayed into the disposed gas in a spray chamber. Contact with the spray liquid removes the particulate pollutants of the gas. Dry scrabbing is also a popular method.
Question 6.
What is the need for waste management ?
Answer:
A proper waste management system is urgently required for the following –
- To control different types of pollution.
- To control the spread of infectious diseases.
- To conserve environmental resources like forests, minerals, water etc.
- To recycle hazardous wastes for further production.
Question 7.
What is the role of students in waste management ?
Answer:
Effective waste management is best achieved at household level, and students can take an active role in this process. They can take up the following steps :
(a) Reduce waste creation : (i) Use towels and ceramic plates instead of paper napkins and disposable plates. (ii) Use biodegradable shopping bags instead of plastic bags. (iii) Use old packing boxes and gift wraps.
(b) Reuse things : (i) Use old clothes from elders. (ii) Use old toys, gift wraps, furniture etc. (iii) Innovative use of discarded items. Eg – penstand out of soda cans.
(c) Cleaning programmes : (i) Awareness camps and demonstration programmes regarding garbage disposal.(ii) School can arrange groups of students for regular survery, whether the local people are following cleaning and garbage disposal systems or not.
Question 8.
Discuss the effects of waste disposal in the Bhagirathi- Hooghly river.
Answer:
Waste disposal in huge amounts in the Bhagirathi – Hooghly river pollutes the water in alarming scales. The main sources of pollutants are :
- Disposal of sewage waters from large cities located on the river side.
- Disposal of wastes from industries.
- Agricultural wastes from chemical fertilisers, insecticides etc.
- Washing of animals, disposal of dead bodies, toilets etc. in river water.
- Immersion of idols, washing clothes and utensels etc. in river water.
- Disposal of hot water from thermal power stations etc.
All these actions make the river water impure, which is unhygenic for drinking, domestic, agricultural or industrial use.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) : 1 Mark
Question 1.
The method of using a liquid to remove wastes is called –
(A) Composting
(B) Scrubbing
(C) Dumping
(D) Landfilling
Answer:
(A) Composting
Question 2.
The primary treatment of wastes removes about _______ % of suspended solids from the water –
(A) 20 %
(B) 30 %
(C) 60 %
(D) 70 %
Answer:
(C) 60 %
Question 3.
4R factor for waste management are –
(A) Reproduction-Response-Recover-Record
(B) Reduce-Refuse-Reuse-Recycle
(C) Regenerate-Renew-Reintroduce-Restart
(D) Repeat-Reforms-Reuse-Reproduction
Answer:
(B) Reduce-Refuse-Reuse-Recycle
Question 4.
Hazardous and harmful wastes are called –
(A) Non-toxic
(B) Solid
(C) Toxic wastes
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) Toxic wastes
Question 5.
The wastes those come from plant or animal sources are called –
(A) Inorganic wastes
(B) Industrial wastes
(C) Organic wastes
(D) Radioactive wastes
Answer:
(C) Organic wastes
Question 6.
Food wastes, fruit and vegetables peels, garden triminings etc. are-
(A) Industrial wastes
(B) Inorganic wastes
(C) Bio-medical wastes
(D) Organic wastes
Answer:
(D) Organic wastes
Question 7.
The liquid that forms as water trickles through contaminated areas is called-
(A) Leachate
(B) Gaseous wastes
(C) Solid wastes
(D) Industrial wastes
Answer:
(A) Leachate
Question 8.
Plastics, glass, old medicines, bulbs, cans etc. are examples of –
(A) Bio-degradable
(B) Non-biodegradable
(C) Organic wastes
(D) Bio-medical wastes
Answer:
(B) Non-biodegradable
Question 9.
Leachate is –
(A) Very healthful mixture of chemicals
(B) Very useful mixture of chemicals
(C) Very resourceful mixture of chemicals
(D) Very harmful mixture of chemicals
Answer:
(D) Very harmful mixture of chemicals
Question 10.
Kitchen wastes, garden trimmings, paper etc. are examples of –
(A) Non-biodegradable
(B) Bio-degradable
(C) Solid wastes
(D) Gaseous wastes
Answer:
(B) Bio-degradable
Question 11.
The place where the waste is buried underground-
(A) Composting place
(B) Landfilling
(C) Segregation of waste
(D) Drainage method
Answer:
(B) Landfilling
Question 12.
Secondary waste treatment removes about –
(A) 30 % of the waste
(B) 50 % of the waste
(C) 70 % of the waste
(D) 90 % of the waste
Answer:
(D) 90 % of the waste
Question 13.
Burning of Uranium in nuclear reactors create –
(A) Radioactive
(B) Toxic
(C) Biomedical wastes
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) Radioactive
Question 14.
Separation of wastes at source of collection is known as –
(A) Landfilling of wastes
(B) Segregation of wastes
C) Composting of wastes
(D) Scrubbing
Answer:
(B) Segregation of wastes
Question 15.
Useless things, produced in everyday life is known as –
(A) Garbage
(B) Rubbish
(C) Wastes
(D) Pollutant
Answer:
(C) Wastes
Question 16.
DDT, chemical fertilizers, fungicides weedicides etc. examples of –
(A) Biological wastes
(B) Industrial wastes
(C) Chemical wastes
(D) Municipal wastes
Answer:
(C) Chemical wastes
Question 17.
Among biomedical wastes the amount of infectious wastes is –
(A) About 20-22 %
(B) About 30-32 %
(C) About 10-12 %
(D) About 5-10 %
Answer:
(C) About 10-12 %
Question 18.
An example of Bio-nonanalytical organic material is –
(A) Protein
(B) Glass
(C) Nucleic Acid
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) Glass
Question 19.
The depth of the soil layer above the sanitary landfill is –
(A) 2 metre
(B) 3 metre
(C) 4 metre
(D) 6 metre
Answer:
(A) 2 metre
Question 20.
It takes time to become organic or bio-fertilizer in manure pit –
(A) 2-4 months
(B) 3-4 months
(C) 4-5 months
(D) 1 year
Answer:
(A) 2-4 months
Question 21.
Fungus can be used as-
(A) Control of pests
(B) Weedicide
(C) Element of improving land fertility
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) Weedicide
Question 22.
Every year amount of land in the world being transformed into desert –
(A) 80 lakh hectare
(B) 30 lakh hectare
(C) 40 lakh hectare
(D) 20 lakh hectare
Answer:
(C) 40 lakh hectare
Question 23.
Main cause of concern on impact in extensive agriculture is –
(A) Chemical fertilizer
(B) Pesticide
(C) Irrigation
(D) Capital
Answer:
(B) Pesticide
Question 24.
Integrated Pest Management is –
(A) Control of pests by chemical pesticides
(B) Destruction of pest infested plants
(C) Integrated application of different methods of pest control
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(C) Integrated application of different methods of pest control
Question 25.
In the biological control process of pests –
(A) Biofertilizer is used in agriculture
(B) Bacteria, virus, fungus
(C) Use of weedicides of control crop pests
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) Bacteria, virus, fungus
Question 26.
The full form of NCEP –
(A) National Commission for Environmental Protection
(B) National Committee on Environment Planning
(C) National Committee on Environment Protection
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) National Committee on Environment Planning
Question 27.
The permissible limit of pH in drinking water is –
(A) 6.5 – 8.5
(B) 3.5 – 5.5
(C) 4.5 – 6.5
(D) 7.5 – 8.5
Answer:
(A) 6.5 – 8.5
Question 28.
The Government of India had set up a separate ministry for environment for environment in the year –
(A) 1980
(B) 1975
(C) 1990
(D) 2000
Answer:
(A) 1980
Fill in the blanks : 1 Mark
1. The bombing on Hiroshima-Nagasaki is an example of _______ wastes.
2. Old newspaper is a _______ waste.
3. The landfill process leads to the formation of _______ gas.
4. In a scrubber, the wastes one managed by _______.
5. Black foot disease occurs due to _______ pollution.
6. Pesticide is an _______ waste.
7. _______ is celebrated as world Environment Day.
8. The use of already discarded wastes is termed as _______.
9. _______ wastes can be managed by decomposition by microorganisms.
10. _______ is the process of disposing wastes in large pits dug in the ground.
11. _______ wastes are used to produce fuel gas.
12. _______ is used to make paper.
13. A sharp medical waste is _______.
14. Motor oil is a _______ waste.
15. The atomic energy plants generated _______ waste.
16. The animal remains is a _______ waste.
17. Fly ash is a _______ waste.
18. Radium is a _______ waste.
19. Water coming out after washing wastes in landfall method is called _______.
Answer:
1. Radioactive
2. Biodegradable
3. Ammonia
4. Friction
5. Arsenic
6. Agricultural
7. 5th June
8. Re-use
9. Biodegradable
10. Land filling
11. Biotic
12. Sugarcane
13. Surgical knife
14. Liquid
15. Radioactive
16. Biotic
17. Hazardous
18. Radioactive
19. Leachate
State True or False : 1 Mark
1. Minimising the amount of wastes is called reduction. [ ]
2. Electronic wastes are also called e-wastes. [ ]
3. BOD refers to Biological Oxygen Demand. [ ]
4. Sorting of dry and moist wastes is called extraction. [ ]
5. Radiation coming from X-ray machines do not cause radioactive pollution. [ ]
6. Fluoride overuse leads to fluorosis. [ ]
7. Disposal of wastes on high open lands is called dumping. [ ]
8. The Central Ganga Authority was formed in 1985. [ ]
9. Fly ash came from hydel power stations. [ ]
10. Infectious wastes come from hospitals. [ ]
Answer:
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. False
6. True
7. False
8. True
9. False
10. True
Answer in few words : 1 Mark
Question 1.
What are wash-waters from homes and industries, cleaning liquid etc. called ?
Answer:
Liquid wastes.
Question 2.
What are hospital and clinical wastes called ?
Answer:
Biomedical wastes.
Question 3.
What are wastes coming from plants and animals called ?
Answer:
Organic wastes.
Question 4.
What is Municipal wastes ?
Answer:
Garbage coming from households, schools, offices, markets, restaurants etc.
Question 5.
Name a toxic waste material.
Answer:
Mercury.
Question 6.
Give an example of non-biodegradable material.
Answer:
Polythene.
Question 7.
Name a source of air pollution.
Answer:
Burning of dangerous wastes.
Question 8.
What kind of wastes are radioactive materials ?
Answer:
Toxic wastes.