Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 10 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 5.6 Natural Vegetation of India offer valuable context and analysis.
WBBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 5.6 Question Answer – Natural Vegetation of India
Answer in short : 2 Marks
Question 1.
Where wet deciduous forests are found in India ?
Answer:
Lower slopes of the Himalayas, Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and the adjoining regions.
Question 2.
Mention the climatic conditions where dry deciduous forests grow.
Answer:
Dry deciduous forests are mostly found in areas having a mean annual temperature of 23°-27° C, an annual rainfall for 50-100 cm and humidity ranging from 51% to 58%.
Question 3.
Where tidal forests are found in India ?
Answer:
In India, Mangrove forests are found in Sundarbans (WB), the Mahanadi delta, Godavari delta, Krishna delta, Cauvery delta and the coasts of Andaman and Nicobar islands.
Question 4.
What is Social forestry?
Answer:
Social forestry is defined as ‘Forestry outside the conventional forests’. The barren or infertile lands near about villages are converted to forest lands after treating the soil. The villagers take care of the forest and plant trees of their choice, in order to meet their daily needs.
Question 5.
What is Agro-forestry?
Answer:
Agro-forestry is any sustainable land-use system that maintains or increases total yields by combining food crops with tree crops and livestock on the same land, either alternately or at the same time. This system is adopted for both ecological as well as economic benefits.
Question 6.
Name the major types of forest found in India.
Answer:
Major types of forest found in India are Tropical evergreen rain forests, Tropical deciduous forests [sub-divided into Dry deciduous and Wet deciduous], Semi desert and desert vegetation, Tidal or mangrove forests and Mountain forests.
Question 7.
What is a forest?
Answer:
Presence of a huge number of trees of different or same species in a particular area is known as a forest.
Question 8.
What is natural vegetation?
Answer:
Vegetation that grows with the help of natural entities like soil, water, sunlight, CO_2, without the interference of man, is known as natural vegetation.
Question 9.
Where are evergreen forests found in India ?
Answer:
Evergreen forests are found in India in :
- Andaman and Nicobar islands.
- Western slope of western ghats.
- The north-eastern hilly region.
- Terai-Duars region at the foothills of Himalaya.
Question 10.
Why have evergreen forests grown in the western slopes of the western ghats?
Answer:
The western slopes of the Western Ghats receive about 300-400 cm of rainfall from the Arabian Sea branch of the south-west monsoon. Thus this region is suitable for the growth of evergreen trees.
Question 11.
Why is there very little coniferous forests in India ?
Answer:
The main climatic condition needed for coniferous forests is long chilling winters and short cool summers. Only a few places in India enjoy this kind of a climate. Eg.- Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Darjeeling district of West Bengal. Hence, amount of coniferous forests in India is quite less.
Question 12.
Why does Jammu possess dense forests while Ladakh is bare, even though both are situated in the same state?
Answer:
Jammu and Ladakh both lie in the state of Kashmir. Jammu lies in the windward slope of the Pir Panjal range. It receives enough rainfall and hence has dense forests. On the other hand, Ladakh lies in the leeward side and rainshadow area of the mountains. Hence, vegetative growth is very less here due to lack of rainfall.
Question 13.
Where do coniferous forests lie in India ?
Answer:
Coniferous forests are found in India in the Eastern Himalayas (3000-4000 m) as well as the Western Himalayas (2000-4000 m).
Question 14.
Name some coniferous trees.
Answer:
Pine, fir, deodar, spruce, laurel, willow, elm, silver fir, etc.
Question 15.
What is ‘Green gold’?
Answer:
The Himalayan mountains are covered with dense forests from 500-4000 m altitude. This region is a very important part of the environment as it houses numerous rare and important species of plants and huge biomass. Thus, this forest is known as the ‘Green gold’.
Question 16.
What do you mean by conservation of forests ?
Answer:
The process of scientific and rational utilisation of forests and forest products along with securing them for future use by the next generations is called conservation of forests.
Question 17.
What do you mean by ‘Forest Management’ ?
Answer:
Maintenance of forests by government’s forest workers, NGOs and the local people together for a common interest, is known as ‘Forest Management’.
Question 18.
Name some trees of the evergreen forests of the tropical regions.
Answer:
Mehogany, Chaplas, Sissoo, Garjan, Rubber, Rosewood, Iron wood, Ablus etc.
Question 19.
Name some trees of the Tropical wet deciduous forests.
Answer:
Sal, Teak, Mango, Peeple, Neem, Kendu, Khayer, Arjun, Siris, Sandal wood, Palash, Mahua etc.
Question 20.
Name some tropical desert plants.
Answer:
Babul, Khayer, Palm, Cactus, Acacia etc.
Question 21.
What are Alpine meadws?
Answer:
The long stretches of grasslands that grow in the Himalayas at an altitude of 3,500-5,000 m are called Alpine meadows. They grow in the region between the tree line and the permafrost region.
Answer in brief : 3 Marks
Question 1.
What are the characteristics of wet deciduous or monsoon type forests?
Answer:
The characteristics of monsoon type or wet deciduous forests are :
(i) The trees shed their leaves in the dry season and grow new leaves by the rainy season.
(ii) Majority of the trees are broad-leaved and yield hard-wood.
Question 2.
What are the characteristics of Dry deciduous forests or scrubs?
Answer:
The characteristics of Dry deciduous forests are :
- These forests consist of stunted trees and bushes which are widely scattered.
- They fade away into scrubs and thorny bushes that are typical of desert region.
- Trees are only 6 to 10 m high.
- They have long roots which enable them to obtain water from deep underground.
Question 3.
Describe the desert and semi-desert vegetation.
Answer:
(i) The type of vegetation is thorny shrubs and bushes. These are called Xerophytic plants and have adaptations to withstand drought.
(ii) Some short coarse grasses grow here and there, where conditions are more drought like.
Question 4.
Describe the growth of tidal forests.
Answer:
Tidal forests or mangroves flourish in tide washed coastal areas where mud and silt have accumulated. The trees have different adaptations to support them in the wet soil. Eg – stilt roots, prop roots, buttress roots. Some breathing roots also pop out of the soil to allow the roots to acquire oxygen from the air.
Question 5.
What kind of forests grow on mountainous regions above 1500 m height?
Answer:
On mountainous regions above 1500 m height, temperate conifer trees such as pine, fir, oak, maple, deodar, laurel, spruce and cedar grow. At the yet higher altitudes, plants like rhododendrons and junipers are found. Beyond these vegetation belts, alpine grasslands appear upto the permanent snowfields.
Question 6.
List the regions where Wet deciduous forests grow in India.
Answer:
The various areas where Wet deciduous forests grow in India are :
- Terai-Duars region at the foothills of the Himalaya.
- Eastern slope of the Western Ghats.
- Chotanagpur plateau.
- Plains of the Western coasts
- Plains of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telengana. Karnataka and Kerala.
Question 7.
Name the areas where Dry deciduous forests grow in India.
Answer:
In India, Dry deciduous forests grow in :
- Rain shadow area of the Western Ghats.
- Highlands of Central India.
- Eastern parts of Aravalli range.
- Upper Ganga and Sutlej basins.
- Several parts of the peninsular plateau.
Question 8.
List the regions where mangrove forest is found in India.
Answer:
In India, mangrove forest is found in :
- Sundarban in the delta region of river Ganga.
- Pimbavaram near Chidambaram of Tamil Nadu.
- Bhitarkanika of Odisha in the Mahanadi delta.
- Godavari and Krishna delta regions in Andhra Pradesh.
- Cauvery delta region in Tamil Nadu.
- Malabar coast of Kerala.
- Kutch region of Gujarat.
- Lower Luni valley of Rajasthan.
- Khambat region of Gujarat.
- Andaman and Nicobar islands.
Question 9.
Name the different trees found in different forests of the Himalayan region.
Answer:
| Type of forest | Trees |
| i. Evergreen | Birch, maple, ash, chestnut, poplar, walnut, ablus, alder, chaplas, etc. |
| ii. Mixed deciduous | Sal, teak, sissoo, bamboo, cane, garjan, jarul, etc. |
| iii. Coniferous | Pine, fir, oak, birch, deodar, cedar, poplar, rhododendron, nuxvomica, magnolia, etc. |
| iv. Alpine | Grasslands and bushy trees like juniper, rhododendron, etc. |
Question 10.
Where is desert vegetation found in India? Name the main species of trees.
Answer:
Desert vegetation is found in India in :
- Thar desert region of Rajasthan.
- Kutch and Kathiawar regions of Gujarat.
- Deserted or arid regions of South Punjab.
The main species of trees are-khayer, babul, date palm, cactus, different kinds of grasses and bushy plants, etc.
Answer in details : 5 Marks
Question 1.
Describe briefly the forests of India.
Answer:
Forests in India can be broadly classified as follows:
i. Tropical Evergreen rainforests : These forests grow in regions of temperature 25°-27° C and rainfall 200-300 cm. These are very dense forests with tall broad leaved trees, and thick undergrowth. These forests are difficult to exploit for commercial purposes. Main species are – rosewood, iron wood, champa, gurjan chaplas etc. They are found in the windward slopes of western ghats, hilly regions of north-east India, West Bengal and Odisha.
ii. Tropical deciduous forests :
(a) Wet deciduous or monsoon type forests : This grows in regions of temperature 26°-27° C, rainfall 100-200 cm and humidity 60-80%. Majority of trees are broad-leaved and yield valuable hard wood. They shed their leaves in the dry season. Main species are teak, sal, sandalwood, deodar, bluegum, ebony, sisam, palash, arjun etc. They are found in the lower slopes of the Himalayas, Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and adjoining areas.
(b) Dry deciduous forests : They are found in regions having temperature of 23°-27° C, rainfall 50-100 cm and humidity 51%-58%. These forests consist of stunted trees (6 to 10 m) and bushes that fade away into scrubs and thorny bushes. They have long roots that draw water from deep underground. Main species are – babul, wild palm, acacia etc.
iii. Semi desert and desert vegetation : These vegetations grow in very hot and arid regions with rainfall less than 50 cm. The trees are mostly thorny shrubs that can withstand drought. Some short coarse grass are also found. Main species are – cactus, babul, acacia etc. They are mostly found in Rajasthan, parts of Gujarat, Punjab etc.
iv. Tidal forests : They grow on the tide washed coastal plains where there is accumulation of mud and silt. They are also called Mangroves. They have supporting as well as breathing roots to help them survive in the soft moist and saline soil. Main species are sundari, keora, garan, hetal, hogla etc. They are found in the Sundarbans (WB) and deltas of rivers Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery and along the coast of Andaman and Nicobar islands.
v. Mountain forests : Mountain forests vary according to altitude (a) On the foothills of Himalayas upto 1500 m, evergreen trees such as sal, teak, bamboo and cane grow abundantly.
(b) On higher slopes of 1500 m-3500 m, temperature conifer trees like pine, fir, oak, maple, deodar, laurel, spruce, cedar etc grow. At higher altitudes, rhododendrons and junipers are found. Beyond this, the alpine grasslands appear and fade away near the permanent snow fields.
Question 2.
List the different uses of forests.
Answer:
The different uses of forests are :
- Forests help to maintain the ecological balance of the earth.
- Forests are the houses of numerous species of plants, animals, insects, birds etc.
- The trees provide wood for various construction, industrial and domestic purposes.
- They provide raw materials for paper, matchstick, cardboard, furniture and other industries.
- Apart from wood, forests also provide with useful items like leaves, roots, gums, raisins, nuts, fruits etc.
- Forests provide employment to many people directly and indirectly.
Question 3.
What is Forest Conservation ? What is its need ?
Answer:
‘Forest Conservation’ refers to the proper and need based utilisation of forests without hampering the environment and the species of plants and animals residing there. The needs for Forest conservation are :
- To reduce soil erosion
- To control floods and droughts
- To control spread of deserts
- To control global warming
- To maintain the ecologial balance.
- To conserve the species of plants and animals and prevent their extinction.
Question 4.
What methods can be taken up for Forest Conservation ?
Answer:
The different methods that can be taken up for forest conservation are :
- Afforestation or re-planting of trees after deforestation, especially on hill slopes.
- Prevention of felling of immature trees.
- Converting forests into Reserve Forests in order to preserve flora and fauna.
- Controlled grazing of animals on grasslands so that small and young plants and new grass are not hampered.
- Protection from forest fires by removing dry branches and leaves.
- Use of substitute fuel other than wood.
- Use of modern equipments in felling of trees, so that other trees are not hampered.
- Enactment of laws to prevent indiscriminate felling of trees.
- Taking up programmes like ‘Van Mahotsav’ and planting of new saplings.
- Increasing public consciousness.
- Proper utilisation of forest resources without westage.
Question 5.
Differentiate between Social forestry and Agro-forestry.
Answer:
| Social forestry | Agro-forestry |
| i. Barren and discarded land beyond the forested areas are taken care of by NGOs, voluntary organisations and local people to plant trees and grow a new forest. | i. Barren or infertile lands belonging to farmers are taken care of to grow trees for wood, green manure medicinal plants, fruits etc. |
| ii. Creation of new forests help to control soil erosion, maintain ecological balance, reclaim infertile land, supply useful forest products etc. | ii. Use of barren and infertile land belonging to farmers help in making the land economically fruitful. It also increases soil fertility, supplies important daily needs, prevents soil erosion, meets demand for fire wood, supplies fodder for animals etc. |
| iii. Such forests are grown in discarded lands beside agricultural plots, along railway lines and roadways, along river valleys, in religious places, schools, offices, etc. in burial grounds, crematories etc. | iii. Such forests are grown in the lands belonging to the farmers themselves, which have become infertile and unproductive. |
| iv. It is a co-operative and joint venture of NGOs, voluntary organisations and local people. | iv. It is generally a personal or social venture. |
| v. Available products are fruits, roots, fire wood, animal fodder, honey, wax, lax etc. | v. Available products are fire wood, wood for furniture, green manure, medicines, fruits etc. |
Question 6.
Describe the characteristics of the evergreen forests.
Answer:
The characteristics of the evergreen forests are :
- The trees do not shed their leaves altogether in one season. Hence the forest appears evergreen.
- The forest is very dense.
- The trees are very tall and highly branched.
- The leaves of the trees are broad, thick and dark green in colour.
- The trees occur in different layers in the forest, starting from tall trees to creepers.
- The leaves create a canopy over the head of the forest and allow very little light to penetrate the forest.
- The forest is moist and dingy. It holds the highest variety of flora and fauna.
Question 7.
Describe the characteristics of Wet deciduous forests.
Answer:
The characteristics of wet deciduous forests are :
- The trees shed their leaves altogether in the dry season. Hence they are called deciduous.
- The woods acquired from the deciduous trees are hard and highly valuable.
- Most of the trees have straight trunks that are smooth and plain. But some trees may have rough surface of trunks.
- The trees are highly branched.
- Age rings are prominent in the trunks of the trees.
Question 8.
Describe the characteristics of Dry deciduous forests.
Answer:
The characteristics of dry deciduous forests are :
- The main type of Vegetation found here is grasslands.
- The trees are of short height (6-10 m tall).
- The trees shed their leaves in the dry season.
- The forest is bushy.
- The forest is not dense and the trees are distributed haphazardly here and there.
- These forests are known as Savannah forests of the Deccan plateau region of India due to predominance of grasslands.
- The wood collected is mostly used as fire wood.
- Sabai grass found here is used for making paper.
- Leaves of several plants have much economic importances. Ex- Kendu leaves are used to make ‘biris’. Sal leaves are used to make plates and bowls.
- Different kinds of raisins and gums are acquired from these forests.
Question 9.
What are the characteristics of desert vegetation of the tropical region?
Answer:
The charackeristics of tropical desert vegetation are :
- The trees are provided with thorns and the leaves are usually very small.
- The roots are very long in order to collect water from deep down into the soil.
- Most of the trees have juicy stems and contain chlorophyll.
- Average height of the trees is 6-10 m. They are mostly bushy in nature.
- Most of the trees have leaves and branches covered or coated with cuticle, so as to prevent excess loss of water through transpiration.
Question 10.
Discuss about the mangrove forests found in India.
Answer:
Mangrove forests exist in the hot tropical and sub-tropical climatic regions along the coastal regions. The regions which receive 150 cm of rainfall and 26°-28° C temperature and are influenced by tides twice a day are most suitable for the growth of mangrove forests.
Characteristics :
- The soil remains moist due to tidal action. Hence the trees are evergreen.
- The trees grow several supporting roots like stilt roots, prop roots and buttress roots to hold them upright in the soft, moist soil.
- The trees are also provided with breathing roots that pop out of the soil to trap oxygen directly from the air.
- The trunks are juicy and are highly branched.
- The trees are medium tall, woody and sometimes bushy.
Question 11.
Discuss the influence of climate on the natural vegetation in India.
Answer:
Climate plays the most important role in creating the natural vegetation of a region. The distribution of natural vegetation in India according to climatic conditions is discussed below :
i. High temperature and high rainfall : Evergreen forests grow in regions of temperature 20°-30° C and average rainfall of 200 cm. The regions of such forests are- (i) North eastern hilly region, (ii) Terai-Duars region of the foot hills of Himalaya, (iii) Andaman and Nicobar islands. (iv) Western slopes of Western Ghats.
Main species : Sissoo, Garjan, Rosewood, Mehogani, Chaplas, Iron Wood, Bamboo, Rubber, etc.
ii. High temperature and moderate rainfall: The regions having average temperature of 20°-30° C and average rainfall of 100-200 cm have deciduous types of forests. Regions : (i) Eastern slopes of Western Ghats, (ii) Madhya Pradesh, (iii) Jharkhand, (iv) Chattisgarh, (v) Uttar Pradesh, (vi) Odisha etc. Main species : Sal, Shimul, Teak, Mahua, Palash, Banyan, Peepal, etc.
iii. High temperature and low rainfall : The regions having average temperature of 25°-30° C and average rainfall 50-100 cm have grassland type of vegetation with short and bushy trees. Regions : (i) eastern parts of Rajasthan, (ii) Kutch and Kathiawar regions of Gujarat, (iii) Rain shadow areas of the Westen ghats. Main species : Sabai grass, other bushy trees.
iv. High temperature and very low rainfall : The region having average temperature around 40° C and average rainfall below 50 cm have desert type of vegetation with scarce distribution of thorny bushes.
Region : This kind of vegetation is seen in the Marusthali region of Rajasthan. Main species : Babul, Acacia, Cactus, etc.
v. Difference in rainfall according to altitude : In the mountainous region of the Himalayas, temperature goes on decreasing with increase in altitude. Also, distribution of rainfall varies with altitude. The series of forests thus developed from lower to higher altitudes are – Evergreen forests, Deciduous forests, Coniferous forests and Alpine forests till the treeline is reached.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) : 1 Mark
Question 1.
The minimum forest cover necessary to maintain ecological balance is
(A) 50% of the total land area
(B) 40% of the total land area
(C) 33% of the total land area
(D) 25% of the total land area
Answer:
(C) 33% of the total land area
Question 2.
Which state in India has the largest area under forests ?
(A) Himachal Pradesh
(B) Madhya Pradesh
(C) Karnataka
(D) Assam
Answer:
(B) Madhya Pradesh
Question 3.
How much area of the country is under forest :
(A) 23 per cent
(B) 25 per cent
(C) 30 per cent
(D) 40 per cent
Answer:
(A) 23 per cent
Question 4.
Coniferous forests in India are :
(A) 3 per cent
(B) 5 per cent
(C) 7 per cent
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) 3 per cent
Question 5.
Coniferous forests in India are found in :
(A) The Himalayas
(B) The Nilgiri Hills
(C) Annamalai Hills
(D) Western Ghats
Answer:
(A) The Himalayas
Question 6.
Broad leaf forests in India are :
(A) 75 per cent
(B) 97 per cent
(C) 90 per cent
(D) 80 per cent
Answer:
(B) 97 per cent
Question 7.
Largest non-reporting area in India is in
(A) Jammu and Kashmir
(B) Nagaland
(C) Arunachal Pradesh
(D) Mizoram
Answer:
(A) Jammu and Kashmir
Question 8.
Of the total reporting area in the India the area under forests consitutes
(A) 21.6%
(B) 12.8%
(C) 10.7%
(D) 43.2%
Answer:
(A) 21.6%
Question 9.
The name of mangrove forest of the Ganga delta is
(A) Bhitarkanika
(B) Cudappa forest
(C) Sundarban
(D) Bharatnagar
Answer:
(C) Sundarban
Question 10.
Sundarban in West Bengal is the habitat of
(A) The tiger
(B) The elephant
(C) The lion
(D) The deer
Answer:
(A) The tiger
Question 11.
Kaziranga National Park is in
(A) Bihar
(B) Uttar Pradesh
(C) Assam
(D) Manipur
Answer:
(C) Assam
Question 12.
Tropical Deciduous forests are found in areas of rainfall per year.
(A) 25 to 50 cm
(B) 50 to 100 cm
(C) 100 to 200 cm
(D) More than 200 cm
Answer:
(C) 100 to 200 cm
Question 13.
Lowland grasses occur in the plains of
(A) Punjab
(B) Maharashtra
(C) Tamil Nadu
(D) Madhya Pradesh
Answer:
(A) Punjab
Question 14.
The ‘Nilgiri and Annamalai Hills’ have got :
(A) Tropical type of Vegetation
(B) Deciduous forests
(C) Coniferous forests
(D) Evergreen forests
Answer:
(D) Evergreen forests
Question 15.
In India about _____ of the total land area is under forests.
(A) 50%
(B) 27%
(C) 22.3%
(D) 29%
Answer:
(C) 22.3%
Question 16.
The object of ‘Van Mahotsava’ in India is the____
(A) Cultivation of a large belt of trees
(B) To worship the trees
(C) To show reverence to the trees
(D) To stop felling the trees
Answer:
(A) Cultivation of a large belt of trees
Question 17.
________ is an evergreen tree
(A) Sissoo
(B) Teak
(C) Palash
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) Sissoo
Question 18.
________ trees grow over the chotanagpur plateau
(A) Deciduous
(B) Evergreen
(C) Coniferous
(D) Alpine
Answer:
(A) Deciduous
Question 19.
Mangrove trees are found in the
(A) Deltas
(B) Deserts
(C) Plains
(D) Mountain
Answer:
(A) Deltas
Question 20.
In the Evergreen Forests, rainfall should be
(A) Scanty
(B) Heavy
(C) Moderate
(D) Altogether sparse
Answer:
(B) Heavy
Question 21.
Forest is a resource.
(A) Non renewable
(B) Renewable
(C)Fund
(D) Flow
Answer:
(B) Renewable
Question 22.
The lowest forest cover is seen in
(A) Asia
(B) Africa
(C) North America
(D) South America
Answer:
(A) Asia
Question 23.
The Bhitarkanika forest in Odisha is famous for
(A) Equatorial trees
(B) Coniferous trees
(C) Dry deciduous trees
(D) Mangrove trees
Answer:
(D) Mangrove trees
Question 24.
The state of India under largest forest cover is
(A) Madhya Pradesh
(B) Chattisgarh
(C) Andhra Pradesh
(D) West Bengal
Answer:
(A) Madhya Pradesh
Question 25.
Highest percentage of forest is seen in
(A) Manipur
(B) Sikkim
(C) Nagaland
(D) Arunachal Pradesh
Answer:
(B) Sikkim
Question 26.
Forest is a __________ resource.
(A) Social
(B) Personal
(C) National
(D) International
Answer:
(C) National
Question 27.
Mangrove forests are seen in
(A) Polar regions
(B) Desert regions
(C) Hilly regions
(D) Coastal regions
Answer:
(D) Coastal regions
Question 28.
__________ is called a natural sponge.
(A) Marshlands
(B) Forests
(C) Deserts
(D) Ozone layer
Answer:
(B) Forests
Question 29.
Type of forests found in saline soil is
(A) Mangrove
(B) Tundra
(C) Mediterranean
(D) Coniferous
Answer:
(A) Mangrove
Question 30.
Most of India’s forest cover is
(A) Evergreen
(B) Deciduous
(C) Bushy
(D) Coniferous
Answer:
(B) Deciduous
Question 31.
Gewa trees belong to
(A) Mangroves
(B) Deserts
(C) Deciduous forest
(D) Alpine forests
Answer:
(A) Mangroves
Question 32.
In India, the Forest Research Centre is in
(A) Dehradun
(B) Jodhpur
(C) Kolkata
(D) Indore
Answer:
(A) Dehradun
Question 33.
Type of forest found at the foothills of the Himalayas is
(A) Deciduous
(B) Evergreen
(C) Bushy
(D) Coniferous
Answer:
(B) Evergreen
Question 34.
Type of forest found in the rain shadow area of Western Ghats is
(A) Mangrove
(B) Coniferous
(C) Alpine
(D) Grasslands
Answer:
(D) Grasslands
Question 35.
In the Himalayan range, above 400 m altitude lies the
(A) Coniferous forest
(B) Alpine forest
(C) Mangrove forest
(D) Evergreen forest
Answer:
(D) Evergreen forest
Question 36.
In the Himalayan range, above 3000-4000 m lies the
(A) Deciduous forest
(B) Coniferous forest
(C) Alpine forest
(D) Mangrove forest
Answer:
(B) Coniferous forest
Question 37.
Type of Vegetation found in Andaman and Nicobar islands is
(A) Evergreen
(B) Deciduous
(C) Cactus
(D) Coniferous
Answer:
(A) Evergreen
Question 38.
Natural vegetation is mostly controlled by
(A) Relief
(B) Soil
(C) River
(D) Climate
Answer:
(D) Climate
Question 39.
An example of a coniferous tree is
(A) Pine
(B) Ebony
(C) Garan
(D) Sal
Answer:
(A) Pine
Question 40.
Wet deciduous forest is seen in an area of rainfall
(A) 200 cm
(B) 100-200 cm
(C) 50-100 cm
(D) 25-50 cm
Answer:
(B) 100-200 cm
Question 41.
The vegetation found in deserts is
(A) Halophytes
(B) Cactus
(C) Deciduous
(D) Evergreen
Answer:
(B) Cactus
Question 42.
Mangrove forests grow in Sundarbans due to
(A) Laterite soil
(B) Black soil
(C) Saline soil
(D) Red soil
Answer:
(C) Saline soil
Question 43.
Vegetation found in the chotanagpur plateau region is
(A) Evergreen
(B) Deciduous
(C) Coniferous
(D) Desert Type
Answer:
(D) Desert Type
Question 44.
The north eastern hilly region is covered with
(A) Evergreen forests
(B) Deciduous forests
(C) Alpine forests
(D) Mangrove forests
Answer:
(A) Evergreen forests
Question 45.
The type of forest found in the plateau region of West Bengal is
(A) Evergreen
(B) Dry deciduous
(C) Mangrove
(D) Wet deciduous
Answer:
(B) Dry deciduous
State True or False : 1 Mark
1. Champa, toon, garjan, etc. trees are mostly found in West Bengal and Assam. [ ]
2. Selva-type of vegetation is found in Orissa. [ ]
3. The largest reserve of Sal is found in the forests of the peninsular India. [ ]
4. Acacia, Euphorbia and Tamarix plants are caracteristic of hill forests. [ ]
5. The natural vegetation in the Deccan plateau is mainly controlled by rainfall. [ ]
6. Blood-worts are mostly found in western Himalayas. [ ]
7. The tropical plants which need continuous high temperature for growth are called microtherms. [ ]
8. Tamarix is a common plant of deciduous forests. [ ]
Answer:
1. True
2. False
3. False
4.False
5. True
6. True
7. False
8. False
Match the following :
| List I | List II |
| A. Tropical evergreen forest | 1. Andaman Island |
| B. Monsoon forest | 2. Mizoram |
| C. Dry Savanna | 3. South-West Andhra Pradesh |
| D. Mangrove | 4. Sahyadris |
Answer:
| List I | List II |
| A. Tropical evergreen forest | 2. Mizoram |
| B. Monsoon forest | 4. Sahyadris |
| C. Dry Savanna | 3. South-West Andhra Pradesh |
| D. Mangrove | 1. Andaman Island |
Answer in few words : 1 Mark
Question 1.
What do you mean by natural vegetation?
Answer:
Vegetation that grows with the help of soil, water, sunlight and other physical environment, without the interference of man.
Question 2.
Name some evergreen trees.
Answer:
Rosewood, champa, gurjan, chaplas, sissoo, iron wood, etc.
Question 3.
Mention the required rainfall and temperature levels for wet deciduous forests.
Answer:
Temperature 26°-27° C, rainfall 100-200 cm.
Question 4.
What are the main trees of wet deciduous forests ?
Answer:
Teak, sal, sandalwood, deodar, sisam, jackfruit, mahua, palash, arjun, bamboo etc.
Question 5.
Where are dry deciduous forests found in India ?
Answer:
Central deccan plateau, south-east of Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Parts of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh.
Question 6.
What is the other name of Tidal forests ?
Answer:
Mangrove forests or Littoral forests.
Question 7.
Name some mangrove trees.
Answer:
Sundari, keora, goran, gewa, hogla, golpata, etc.
Question 8.
Where is semi-desert vegetation found in India ?
Answer:
Rajasthan, parts of Gujarat, Punjab, Karnataka.
Question 9.
Which factors influences natural vegetation the most?
Answer:
Climate.
Question 10.
What is the name of the process where man plants trees to build a forest?
Answer:
Afforestation.
Question 11.
In which year was the National Forest Policy of India taken ?
Answer:
1952.
Question 12.
How much portion of India’s total forest cover lies in West Bengal ?
Answer:
About 2.4%.
Question 13.
How tall does the bushy vegetation grow?
Answer:
Less than 3 m.
Question 14.
What kind of vegetation is found in the slopes of the Himalayan mountains?
Answer:
Coniferous forests.
Question 15.
Where is Alpine forest found in India ?
Answer:
Above 3000-5000 m altitude in the Himalayan range.
Question 16.
Name two mangrove forests of India.
Answer:
(i) Sundarban in West Bengal
(ii) Bhitarkanika in Odisha.
Question 17.
Name the first Reserved Forest of India.
Answer:
Jim Corbett National Park, Uttar Pradesh.
Question 18.
Why do halophytes need extra breathing roots ?
Answer:
The wet boggy soil does not allow them to breath within the soil.
Question 19.
To which direction will the forested zone of India shift due to global warming?
Answer:
Towards the north.
Question 20.
When was ‘Joint Forest Management’ started in India ?
Answer:
1989.
Question 21.
Why is the forest called a natural sponge?
Answer:
It absorbs CO2 and releases O2.
Question 22.
Which forest houses lions in India ?
Answer:
Gir forest of Gujarat.
Question 23.
How much land area of West Bengal lies under forests ?
Answer:
About 14%.
Question 24.
Where do mangrove forests grow ?
Answer:
River deltas and coastal areas.
Question 25.
Which tree of Karnataka is world famous ?
Answer:
Sandalwood tree.
Question 26.
What is the shape of the coniferous trees?
Answer:
Tall, conical, with very less branching.
Question 27.
When was Sundarban declared as the ‘World Heritage forest’?
Answer:
1989.
Question 28.
What are the most important means of forest conservation ?
Answer:
Afforestation and increasing consciousness of people.
Question 29.
Which Union Territory of India has the largest forest cover ?
Answer:
Andaman and Nicobar islands.
Question 30.
What kind of trees are most found in India ?
Answer:
Dry deciduous trees.
Question 31.
How are forest fires caused ?
Answer:
Due to friction between the tree branches in the hot season in the torrid zone.
Question 32.
What special adaptations are seen in mangrove trees?
Answer:
Supporting roots and breathing roots.
Question 33.
What kind of a tree is rosewood?
Answer:
Evergreen tree.
Question 34.
What kind of trees grow in deserts?
Ans.
Xerophytas.
Question 35.
What are forests known as for their capability to control air pollution?
Answer:
Natural sponge.