Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 History Book Solutions Chapter 1 The Idea of History offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 History Chapter 1 Question Answer – The Idea of History

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers :

Question 1.
Present can be known from –
i) present
ii) past
iii) future
Aus :
ii) past

Question 2.
Photograph can tell a lot about-
i) cconomic history
ii) social history
iii) political history
iv) all of these are true
Answer:
iv) all of these are true

Question 3.
Chandragupta Naurya was a-
i) Budhist
ii) mughal
iii) jaina
iv) parsian
Answer:
iii) jaina

Question 4.
Indians proved that they were not-
i) uncivilized
ii) civilized
iii) developed
Answer:
i) uncivilized

Question 5.
The history of different countries is-
i) different
ii) not different
Answer:
i) different

Question 6.
Rajabali was written for dealing about-
i) ancient Intia
ii) modern India
iii) the kings
Answer:
iii) the kings

Question 7.
James Mill divided Indian histery into-
i) ancient, mediaval, modern period
ii) Hindu, Muslim, Briritsh period [
Answer:
ii) Hindu, Muslim. Briritsh period

Question 8.
Titumir, Birsa, Munda were-
i) terrorist
ii) touble maker
iii) freedom fighters
Answer:
iii) freedom fighters

Question 9.
Who had declared, Siraj-ud-dullaho had ordered to kill ihe innecent British employes-
i) Indian historian
ii) British historian
iii) All historians
Answer:
ii) British historian

Question 10.
Two photographs taken by the different persons upon the same subject, may be hold up-
i) different meanings
ii) same meanings
Answer:
i) different meanings

Question 11.
“You and I andeveryone together will write our own history” Said-
i) Rabindranath
ii) Vivekananda
iii) Saratchandra
iv) Bankimchandra
Answer:
iv) Bankimchandra

Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
We must drop the false ________ that history of the countries need be same.
Answer:
belief.

Question 2.
The present dis-determined by the ________.
Answer:
past.

Question 3.
The logic tha the British rulers put up for establishing a colony in India, was this that Indians were ________.
Answer:
Uncivilized

Question 4.
The Indians proud the existence of ________ history.
Answer:
indigenous.

Question 5.
James Mill has dividied Indian history into ________ parts.
Answer:
Three.

Question 6.
The history book written by Mrityunjay Bidyalankar is ________.
Answer:
Rajabali

Question 7.
The historian writes ________ in accordiance to the way of his understanding and finding of an incident.
Answer:
History.

Question 8.
In Indian history British period was named after the name of the ________.
Answer:
nation.

Question 9.
Accrording to Mill in Indian history Muslim period was ________.
Answer:
‘the dark age’

Question 10.
Through ________ a powerful country dominates a comperatively weak nation.
Answer:
imperialism.

Question 11.
Photographs cannot always be treated as ________ cvidence.
Answer:
absolute

Question 12.
There are ________ sources of writing modern history.
Answer:
various

State whether True or False:

Question 1.
There will be no problem if the history is written by own.
Answer:
False.

Question 2.
James Mill divided Indian history into History of Hindu, Muslim and British.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
There is a possibility of the historian, pulling of there personal opinion into an objective analysis of history.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
Allan Oetavian Hume has entire credit for the foundation of Indian National Congress.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
The meaning of two photograph on same subject can be diferent.
Answer:
True.

Question 6.
There is no realation between imperialism and colonialisma.
Answer:
False.

Question 7.
According to Bankimchandra Bengaliees have to write their own history.
Answer:
True.

Question 8.
Titumir was a freedom fighter.
Answer:
True.

Question 9.
Paintings, maps, posters, newspapers, advertisements provide historical data.
Answer:
True.

Question 10.
Source material for modern history is not easily available.
Answer:
False.

Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) Bimbisara	i) a Buddhist
b) The word modern refers to	ii) ‘History of British India’
c) Different individuals have viewed	iii) was a Bhuddhist
d) History is not the same	iv) for the Hindu rulers
e) Bimbisar was	v) wrote Rajabali
f) In 1817 James Mill wrote	vi) history differently
g) Mill wrote that the Muslim period	vii) whatever is recent
h) In 1808 Mrityunjoy Vidyalankar	viii) was the dark age of Indian History ix) in all countries
i) Mill had little respect	Column B

Answer:
a) Bimbisara was a Bhuddhist.
b) The word modern refers to whatever is recent.
c) Different individuals have viewed history differently.
d) History is not the same in all countries.
e) Bimbisar was a Buddhist.
f) In 1817 James Mill wrote ‘Histc of British India’.
g) Mill wrote that the Muslim period was the dark age of Indian History.
h) In 1808 Mrityunjoy Vidyalankar wrote Rajabali.
i) Mill had little respect for the Hindu rulers.

Appropriate explanation:

a) The British established their rule in Indian cause-
i) to civilise the uncivilised Indians.
ii) to spread impreialism
iii) to spread their trade and commerce.
Answer:
to spread imperialism.

b) the indigo cultivator cultivated indigo because-
i) it was most profitable
ii) the indigo cultivator borrowed moncy from British.
iii) to pay off their loan.
Answer:
to pay off their loan

c) The Bengalees have to write their own history because-
i) the history of Bangalees written by British is full of wrong.
ii) the foreigners do not know how to write history.
iii) the foreigners do not know Bengali languages.
Answer:
The history of Bengalees written by British is full of wrong.

Answer in a sentence :

Question 1.
The history of India that we read, memorise for examinations is mearly a nightmare of the dark time of India-Who said this?
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore said this.

Question 2.
By what is the present determined?
Answer:
The present is determined by Past.

Question 3.
What was the logic put up by the British for establishing British rule in India?
Answer:
The logic was that it was their duty to civilize the uncivilized Indians.

Question 4.
What was the counter logic of Indians?
Answer:
The Indians argued that Indian history is not less glorious than British history.

Question 5.
What is in history besides the name of the king emperor or the desemiption of the battel?
Answer:
Britsh these there are many arguments in favour and against in history.

Question 6.
‘History is not the same in all countries’–Who said this?
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore said this.

Question 7.
Why did Bankim chandra say-A Bengali has to write the history of Bengalis.
Answer:
He said this because the historty of Bengali writter by the foreigners are full of errors.

Question 8.
Why will the problem not be solved if we write our own history?
Answer:
Becasue history is wirten according to the writer’s view and realization.

Question 9.
Why arguments are arisen about the sequence of same incdient?
Answer:
Because the eyes and mind vary with the variation of the person.

Question 10.
What are the different ages of Indian history?
Answer:
The different ages of Indian history are ancient medieval and modern.

Question 11.
What is the name of the book of Mrityunjay Bidyalankar?
Answer:
The name of the history book of Mrilty unjay Vidylankar in Rajabali.

Question 12.
From where Mrityunjay Bidyalankar started counting history
Answer:
He started counting history from the period of Yudhistira of Mahabharata.

Question 13.
What is the name of the book written by James Mill?
Answer:
The name of the book written by James Mill is History of British India.

Question 14.
How did Mill divide Indian history?
Answer:
Mill divided Indian History into Hindu, Muslim and British period.

Question 15.
From whose writing the era division was based on the religion of the ruler?
Answer:
From Mills writing the era division was based on the religion of the ruler.

Question 16.
How was Mill’s periodisation Changed?
Answer:
Mill’s periodisation changed into ancient, medieval and modern.

Question 17.
What era Aurangazeb region belonged to?
Answer:
Aurangazeb ear belonged to medieval period.

Question 18.
What era the battle of Palassey belonged to?
Answer:
The battle of Palassey (1757) belonged to modern era.

Question 19.
What are the sources of history of mordern era?
Answer:
In modern era the sources of history are paintings, books, maps, poster, newspaper, advertisement, administrater’s document, diaries, letters, land deeds etc.

Question 20.
Why ean the autobiography not be directly used as source?
Answer:
It is because the writer of the autobiography has viewed the world from the personal stand paint.

Question 21.
Why may the two photographs taken by two different persons upon the same subject, hold up different meanings?
Answer:
It is because the eye of camera is controlled by the eye of cameraman.

Question 22.
How are the peasant and the tribal movements of Indian seen by British?
Answer:
The peasant and the tribal movementes are seen as disturbance or disruption by the British.

Question 23.
What does the peasant and tribal movements mean to the Indians?
Answer:
To the Indians the peasent and tribal movements mean freedom movement.

Question 24.
What is Imperialism?
Answer:
Imperialism is a process by which a stronger coutnry dominates a weaker country.

Question 25.
Why was indigo cultivated in Bengal?
Answer:
Indigo was cultivated in Bengal to fulfil the demand at the cloth factories in England.

Answer in 30-40 words :

Question 1.
Give reason for and against of establishment of British rule in India?
Answer:
Accoridng to British the Indians are uncivilized. They had lack of education and scientific knowledge. To make them civilized it was needed to establish the British rule in India. On the other hand the Indians prolished against the laque. They brought the reference from Emperor Ashoka to Emperor Akbar, from Aryabhatta to Chaitanyadev. The Indians proued the existence of indigenous history.

Question 2.
Why it is important that who is writing the history?
Answer:
If any foreigner writes the history of Bengalees he will write the history, from his point of view. The history of Bengalles written by foreign historians are full of errors. If the view changes the consequence also changes. So the the arguments arise. For the difference of view points the significance of the incidents may change.

Question 4.
Why the problems will not be solved if we write our own history?
Answer:
If the history is written by the educated people it is defined by the view point of the writes. Then the common poor people will be left out. This fact has revealed in case of India. In Indian history thousands of nameless people were neglected who joined in Santhal revolt.

Question 4.
Why are there so arguments over history?
Answer:
Different individuals have viewed history differently. History is often defined by the view point of the writers. These creates the occation for historical debeates.

Question 5.
When was the era division started in Indian History?
Answer:
In 1808 to Mrityun Bidyalankar wrote a book of history called Rajabali and he started counting history from the period of king Yudhisthira of Mahabharata. James Mill in his book History of British India, devided Indian history into Hindu, Nuslim and British. In course of time the division changed into ancient medieval and modern.

Question 6.
What is the main features of Mill’s ear division of the ruler?
Answer:
The first two periods were named on the basis of religion. the third period was named on the basis of race, thus the third was not Chritian. but British peried. The all rullers of Hindu period were not Hindus. Chandragupta Murya was Jain and Bimbisara was Buddhist. On the other hand in Muslim period relegiously. to learnt liberal ruler Akbar was indentified by his religion.

Question 7.
Why is it said that division of era is very simplified?
Answer:
It is because Era ‘refers to a large passage of time. Individuals in each era have their own unique characteristics of living. These characteristics do not change overnight. It is not always possible to fix all calculated date to the changing of eras.

Question 8.
What is the problem of use autobiography as direct souree of hsitory?
Answer:
The writer of the autobiography has viewed the world from his personal stand point. If any historian uses such source without judging well, he may be led to a biased or even a wrong opinion. For example, William Wedderburn has credited Allan Octavian Hume in his biography of the latter, with the formation of Indian National Congress. Later it has been found Hume’s eredit was not entirely merited.

Question 9.
Why has the uprising of the peasants and tribals been viewed from two angles?
Answer:
In the eyes of British rulers the uprising to presants and tribal has been viewed as disturbances or disruption. The official documents of the time support this view. However in different view, the peasant and tribal movement are seen as anti-colonial movements.

Question 10.
How imperialism justified?
Answer:
A stronger country subjugates a weaker country and controls the wealth and public of the weaker nation. It is said that, the weaks are notonly weak they are uncivilized also. To make them civilze is duty of the imperialists. But it is an one sided shameless reason for the imperialists to tulfil their own benefit.

Question 11.
Which are the sources of modern history.
Answer:
There are various sources of modern history. They are paintings, photos, books, administrative document, book, diaries, letters, land deeds, etc. Besides coins, sculptures, maps. poster, and newspapers also provide sources of history:

Answer in 120-160 words :

Question 1.
Why is the story of wolf and the young lamb mentioned here? What does it mean by putting the other characters in place of wolf and the young lamb?
Answer:
With the help of the story of the wolf and the young lamb it is shown that the present is ditermined by the past. The logic behind many present actions is derived from history.

If we replace the wolf with a foreign indigo merchant and the young lamb with indigo farmer it will be seen that a debt that was run by the indigo farmer to the sabib merchant, gradually would turn heriditary. So to pay off his farming. On the other hand history can useful to get relief and establish rights. If the young lamb can furnish proof from history that the wolf’s logic is incorrect, the wolf let him go.

Now the wolf is replaced by the British ruler and young lamb is replaced by the common people of India. The logic that the British rulers put up for establishing a colony in India, was this that the Indians were uncivilized. On the other hand the Indians proud that they were not uncevilized by giving the reference from history. They mentioned the history from Aryabhatta to Chaityannadev and proved the evidence of indigenous history which was no less glorious than British History.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 11 Oceania offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 Geography Chapter 11 Question Answer – Oceania

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1. merk for each question)

Question 1.
According to size Oceania is-
i) largest
ii) mediun
iii) large
iv) smallest
Answer:
iv) smaliest

Question 2.
Australia and New Zealand lies in –
i) northern hemisphere
ii) southern henisphere
iii) eastern hemisphere
iv) wéstern hemisphere
Answer:
iii) southern hemisphere

Question 3.
Marshall, Nauru, Guam etc are major islands of
i) Micronesia
ii) Polynesia
iii) Australasia
iv) Melanesia
Answer:
i) Micronesia

Question 4.
Fiji, New Guinea ete are major islands of-
i) Micronesia
ii) Polynesia
iii) Australasia
iv) Melanesia
Answer:
iv) Melanesia

Question 5.
The Great Barrier Reef is a-
i) saline lake
ii) coral reef
iii) mountain range
iv) Artesian well
Answer:
ii) coral reef

Question 6.
In 1770 anchored in the eastern coast of Austrslia-
i) Ferdinand Magellan
ii) Abel Tasman
iii) James Cook
Answer:
iii) James Cook

Question 7.
The range lies the east coast of Australia-
i) Coast Range
ii) Great Deviding Range
iii) Caseate Range
Answer:
ii) Great Deviding Range

Question 8.
In producing wool Australia’s position in the world –
i) first
ii) second
iii) third
iv) fourth
Answer:
i) first.

Question 9.
The most prosperous region of Australia is –
i) London tasin
ii) Murray Darling basin
iii) Lake Eyre basin
Answer:
ii) Murray Darling basin.

Question 10.
Longest river of New Zealand-
i) Waikate
ii) Clutha
iii) Fly
iv) Hunte:
Answer:
i) Waikato

Question 11.
Longest river of Oceania-
i) Waikate
ii) Clutha
iii) Fly
iv) Mnrray-Darling
Answer:
iv) Murray-Darling

Question 12.
Source of Fly river is-
i) Wanaka Lake
ii) Australian Alps
iii) Victor Emanuel Range
iv) Great Dividing Range
Answer:
iii) Victor Emanuel Range

Question 13.
Islands of Melanesia, Polyncsia and Micronesia experiance-
i) equatorial olimate
ii) tropical monsoon climate
iii) temperate climate
iv) mediterranean climate
Answer:
i) equatorial climate

Question 14.
Tasmania and Now Zealamd experiance-
i) Temperate climate
ii) British elimate
iii) Equatorial climate
iv) Semi-arid climate
Answer:
i) Britist ctimatio

Question 15.
Temperate grasslant is foumt in-
i) northern part of Australia
i) southern Austratia
iii) west of Great Dividing Range
iv) Tasmania and kew Zealand
Answer:
iii) west of Grat Dividing Range

State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)

1. The number of Inaguages in Oceania is 28.
2. In 1789 rebellers of British Royal Navy settled permanently in Pitcairn island.
3. Gold mine is found in Australia.
4. The old fold mountain is Leverpool Range.
5. In oceania sovereign nations are 14 and dependent territorie are 21.
6. The Great Deviding Range is the highest peak of Australia.
7. The largest coral reef is Mt Cook.
8. The highest peak of New Zeland is Mt Ekerest.
19. Mt. cook is the highest peak of the world.
10. Ruapehu is the highest peak of Oceania.
11. Tropical grassland is known as Parkland Savanna.
12. Mediterranean grassland is calHed Downs.
13. Broken Hill is known as the ‘city of Silver?
14. In British clinate the westerlies cause heayy shower througkout the year.
15. In Murray darling bisin the average height varies 200-400 metre.
16. Murray originates fiom Australian Alphs.
17. Mediterranean ve fetation can be seen in Adelaide area.
18. Australia occupies second position in beef production.
19. Adelaide is the main trade and industria! centre of Murray Darling basin.
20. Total height of Mauna Loa is more than Mount Everest.
Answer:
1. true
2. true
3. true
4. false
5. true
6. false
7. false
8. false
9. false
10. false
11. true
12. false
13. true
14. true
15. false
16. true
17. true
18. false
19. true
20. true

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. Australia is divided into _____ physiographic regions.
2. The grassland of Murray Darling basin is known as ____.
3. ______ is a famous port near the mouth of Murray Darling river.
4. The highest peak of New Zealand is ______.
5. The longest river of New Zealand is ______.
6. Norfolk is a major island of ______.
7. ______ is the largest glacial lake in mountainous regions of New zealand.
8. Hobart is a city of ______.
9. The islands of Melanasia is ______ in notable.
10. Hawai, Tonga, Cook are major islands of ______.
11. In ______ century Ferdinand Magellan found out the famous island Marinus.
12. The old fold mountain is ______.
13. The highest peak of New England Range is ______.
14. Great Sandy desert is situsted in ______ platean of Oceania.
15. _____ is the highest peak of the world.
16. The longest river of Ocenia is ______ of Australia.
17. The longest river of New Zealand is _____.
18. Tall grasses grow in ______ northern part of Australia.
19. At the _____ part of Australia forest have been grown.
20. The river Murray originates from ______ mountain.
21. Broad leaf, deciduous trees are seen in forests of ______.
22. Australia ias occupicd ____ position in producing wool.
Answer:
1. four.
2. Downs
3. Aclelaide
4. Mt (ook
5. Waikato
6. Melanesia
7. Taupo
8. Australia
9. Fiji
10. polynesia
11. sixieenth
12. Great dividing Range
13. Mt Kosciuszko
14. western
15. Mt Everest
16. Murray-Darling
17. Waikato
18. Parkland Savana
19. southern
20. Australian Alps
21. eastern Austrlia
22. first

Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) Smallest country of Oceania	i) is the largest river of Oceania
b) Largest country of Oceania	ii) in Polynesia
c) Murray-Darling river	iii) evergreen forest grows
d) Hawaii is situated	iv) rain occurs during winter
e) Mt Kosciuszko	v) is Australia
f) Cooper ia an	vi) in Papua New Guinea
g) In Melanasia, Micronesia, Polynesia	vii) is 3164 m.
h) In Mediterranean climate	viii) is Nauru
i) The height of Mount Cook	ix) is the highest peak of Australia
j) Mt Wilhelm is situated	x) inland river

Answer:
a) Smallest country of Oceania is Nauru.
b) Largest country of Oceania is Australia.
c) Murray-Darling river is the largest river of Oceania.
d) Hawaii is situated in Polynesia.
e) Mt Kosciuszko is the highest peak of Australia.
f) Cooper ia an inland river.
g) In Melanasia, Micronesia, Polynesia evergreen forest grows.
h) In Mediterranean climate rain occurs during winter.
i) The height of Mount Cook is 3164 m.
j) Mt Wilhelm is situated in Papua New Guinea.

Very Short Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
Where is the continent Occania located?
Answer:
Oceania lies between 15° north latitude in north and 47° south latitude in south and 114° east longitude in the west and 139° west latitude in the east.

Question 2.
What is the highest peak of Australia?
Answer:
Mt Kosciuszko of New England Range (2234 m) is the highest peak of Australia.

Question 3.
How is Oceania composed up?
Answer:
Oceania is composed up many small and large islands like Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Fiji, New Caledonia, gnam, Marshall etc.

Question 4.
How is Oceania devided?
Answer:
Oceania is devided into to four groups-i) Australia, ii) Melanesia, iii) Micronesia and iv) Polynesia.

Question 5.
What is the area of Oceania?
Answer:
8,525,989 sq km.

Question 6.
State the boundary of Oceania.
Answer:
To the north of Oceania there are gulf of Carpentaria and Temor sea, to the south there is southern ocean, Pacific Ocean lies to the east and Indian Ocean to the west.

Question 7.
Name the highest peak of Oceania.
Answer:
Mit Wilhelm (4509 m) of Papua New Guinea.

Question 8.
Name the largest river of Oceania.
Answer:
Australia’s Murray-Darling river (3752 km).

Question 9.
What is great Barrier reer?
Answer:
Under the sea the world’s largest coral reef extends parallel to the north-east coast of Austratia which is known as great Barrier Reef.

Question 10.
In what direction of Australia, New Zealand is located?
Answer:
New Zealand is located to the South-East of Australia.

Question 11.
What are the islands New Zealand is comprised off?
Answer:
New Zealand is comprised of North and South islands. Stewart, Chatham etc and other small islands.

Question 12.
What is this highest peak of New Zealand?
Answer:
Mount cook (3164 mt) of South Alps.

Question 13.
Where is Cook strait located?
Answer:
The Cook strait lies in between North and South island.

Question 14.
Whe was Abel Tasman?
Answer:
Abel Tasman was a Dutch navigator.

Question 15.
What is called the Suitzerland of South?
Answer:
Some part of north New Zealand is ealled the Switzerland of south because of the pleasant weather and natural beauty.

Question 16.
In which part of Australia Darling river is located?
Answer:
To the South east part of Australia.

Question 17.
What is the location of Murray Darting river basin?
Answer:
The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the area are 24° S to 39° S and 138° E to 149° E respectively.

Question 18.
What is the area of Murray Darling river basin?
Answer:
The area is 1,061,469 km²

Question 19.
What are the main rivers of Murray-Darling river basin?
Answer:
Murray and Darling are the two main rivers.

Question 20.
What is Downs?
Answer:
A wide grassland of small grasses is found to the West of Great Dividing Range. This is called Downs.

Question 21.
What is the climate of Murray Darling river basin?
Answer:
The climate is temperate type.

Question 22.
What are the different trees found in Murray Darling basin?
Answer:
Oak, Paplar, bairch etc.

Question 23.
What are the main agricultural crops of Murray-Darling river basin?
Answer:
Main agricultural crop is wheat.

Question 24.
What are the cattles reared in Murray Darling basin?
Answer:
Good breed sheep like merino, lincoln, marsh are reaved in Downs grassland of Murray Darling basin.

Question 25.
What are the minerals found in Murray Darling basin?
Answer:
Silver, lead, gold, copper, tin are found is Murray-Darling basin.

Question 26.
Which is called ‘Silver city’?
Answer:
Broken Hill is called ‘Silver City’.

Question 27.
Name a active Valcano of Oceania.
Answer:
Mauna Loa.

Question 28.
Name another active Volcano of Oceania.
Answer:
Ruapehu.

Question 29.
Name a river of Papua New Guinea.
Answer:
Fly.

Question 30.
What is the name of famous coral reef of Australia?
Answer:
Great Barrier Reef.

Question 31.
In which continent cangaroo is found?
Answer:
Australia.

Question 32.
Which island is known as Great Reef?
Answer:
Fiji island.

Question 33.
What is the world’s deepest Trench?
Answer:
Mariana Trench.

Question 34.
In which hemisphere Australia and New Zealand located?
Answer:
Southern hemisphere.

Question 35.
In which country Murray-Darling basin is located?
Answer:
Australia.

Question 36.
Name a port of Murray-Darling basin.
Answer:
Adelaide.

Question 37.
Which straight separetes Tasmania from Australia?
Answer:
Bass straight.

Question 38.
What is Jackos?
Answer:
The labours who work in the cattle rearing farm are called Jackos?

Question 39.
What is the population of Occania?
Answer:
3,51,62,670 persons.

Question 40.
What is the population of West Bengal?
Answer:
More than the double of the Occania’s population.

Question 41.
How many tourists visit this continent every year?
Answer:
I crore 20 lakh.

Short Questions & Answers : (2 marks for each question)

Question 1.
How is the continent Occania formed?
Answer:
The continet Oceania consists of islands lies Australia Tasmania, New Zealand, and group of islands like Salomon, iji, New Hebrids. New Caledonia, chisterfield etc.

Question 2.
What are the main four landmass of Oceania and what are their areas?
Answer:
The main four landmass of Oceania are-

1. Australia-77 lakh sq km.
2. New Zealand2 lakh 68 thousand sq km.
3. New Guinea -4 lakh 61 thousand sq km.
4. Tasmania-68 thousand sq km.

Question 3.
Describe the main industries and cities of Murray-Derling river basin.
Answer:
The main industries’ of Murray-Darling river basin are engineering, meat and food processing, chemical and dairy farming. The main cities are Adelaide Broken Hill, Mildura cic.

Question 4.
Describe the physoiography of Australia.
Answer:
The main landmass of Oceania is Australia. It is a great island. The area of this country is so large that it is called a continent. The area of Australia is 77 lakh 25 thousand sq km which is just equal to two and half fold of the area of India. 87 % of the total area of Oceania continent belong to Australia.

Question 5.
Describe the physiography of Micronesia:
Answer:
Micronesia consists of many small islands. The name of the islands are Marshall, Nauru, Kiribati, Gilbert and Guam. The inhabitants of these islands are dark in colour.

Question 6.
Describe the physiography of Polynesia.
Answer:
From the Howaii islands to the north to New Zealand and Easter islands to the south west belong to Polynesia. The name of the islands are Howaii, Samoa, Tonga, Cook, Faster Pitcairn etc.

Question 7.
Describe the location of Oceania.
Answer:
The continent Oceania is located from north boundary of Hawiaian island to New Zealand’s southern limit. And western boarder of Australia to Gambier Islad in the east.

Question 8.
What is Allot?
Answer:
The heap of dead coral emerges from the sea to creat a coral reef. Similariy when the dead corals occumulate in circular was it forms coral ring or allot. lakes are found in the allot. There are more than 200 lakes in Micronesia.

Question 9.
What is Artesian well?
Answer:
One of the features of Australia’s natural environment is the presence of numerous Artesian wells. In low land the rock layer are basin shaped. The water accumulates in between two non saturated strata. Water comes out automatically from wells dug in it without help of pumps. These wells are called Artesian wells.

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
Describe the Physiography of Australia.
Answer:
There is few diversity in the land form of Australia. According to the difference in physical features Australia is devided inlo four regions :
i. Eastern Hightands : An old fold mountain range stretches from north to south in the eastern side of Australia. It is known as Great Deviding Range. It has different name in different places like Darling Downs, Australian Alps, Blue Range, Liverpool Range etc. Mt Kosciuszko of New England Range is the lighest peak of Australia.

ii. Western Plateau : Undualating plateau is the most dominating feature of Western Australia. The average altitude is between 200-500 metre. The rocks of the Plateau is as ancient as that of Deean plateau. Some small hills are found in east and west. The desert lies in between. The deserts have different names in different places like-Victoria, Giuson, Great Sandy Desert. Some lakes with Saline Water (Playa) and oasis are found in Western Plateau.

iii. The Central lowland: The land lies in between the Great Deviding range and the Westem Plateau. Two highlands Grey and selwyn divide the plain into three parts. Murray Darling Basin lies in the south, in the middle lies Lake Eyre Basin and in the north carpentaria Lowland. Here the wock layers are synformal. So water comes out automaticaly in form of spring without help of pumps. This is called Artesian well.

iv. Coastal Plains : Narrow coastal plains are found all arond Austratia. Among them the coastal plain along gulf of Carpentaria in the north and Great Australian Bight are exeeptional. Under the sea, parallel to the north-east coast extends the world’s largest coral reef ‘Great Barrier Reef’.

Question 2.
Describe the physiography of New Zealand.
Answer:
New Zealand belongs to Oceania. The country has two main islands called North and South and small islands like stewkert, Chatham etc. South Alps mountain range stretches along the Western part of south island. The highest peak of the range is Mt Cook (3164 m). There are many volcanoes like Mt Egmont. Ruaphen is found in this area. The main rivers are Waikato, Clutha, Whanganui and Taieri. Canterbury plain lies along the east coast of south island. Many glacial lakes are found in the mountain region of the country.

Question 3.
Describe the psysiography of Tashmania.
Answer:
Tasmania is seperated from Australia by Bass straight. Its bredth is only 250 ~km. This island is full of mountain and these are all extended part of great dividing Range of Austratia. Mount Ash is the highest peak of flie island. The population is only 845 thousand. The climate is influenced by the sea. The fivers have short bright and strong earrents. They are perentieal: The main rivers are Darwent, Mockwar, Giordon. The lakes are fotmet in central plateau.

Question 4.
Describe the physiography of Melanasia, Micronesia, Polynesia.
Answer:
Thesethree region consist of thousand of island. Most of the islands are formed by the deposition of lava and igneous material at the sea bed. Mt Wilhelm (4509 m) of Papua Guinea is the highest peak of Oceania. The examples of igneous islands are Hawai, Solomon, Fiji, Tahiti etc. There are two active volcanoes Mouna Loa and Kilauea in Hawaiian islands. Marshal Gilbert Caroline etc are the islands formed by corals. There is coral wall in Fiji island called Great Reef.

Question 5.
Describe the drainage system of Oceania.
Answer:
Australia is the largest country of Oceania continent. The climate is dry and there is lettle diversity in Australian climate. There are a few rivers in Australia. Most of rivers originate from the east and west slope of great deviding range. The main river among those is MurrayDarling river. This river originates from Australian Alps and falls in Encounter Bay. The main trebutry is Darling. It originates from New England Range and falls in Murray river near Wentwarth city after flowring towards South-West. The another tributary of Murray is Marrumbidgee. The another rivers of Australia are Hunter, Freejoy, Brisbane, Cooper, Eyre etc. They originates from great Dividing Range and fall in the Pacific ocean. The other rivers of Oceania are waikato, Clutha in New Zealand.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 10 South America offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 Geography Chapter 10 Question Answer – South America

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
First highest active volcano on earth-
i) Cotopaxi
ii) Mt. Chimborazo
iii) Llaima
iv) Laskar
Answer:
ii) Mt. Chimborazo

Question 2.
Main river of South America-
i) Colarado
ii) Parana
iii) Paraguay
iv) Amazon
Answer:
iv) Amazon

Question 3.
The combined channels of Panama, Paraguay and Uruguay is called-
i) La-Plata
ii) Amazon
ii) Orinoco
iv) Coiarado
Answer:
i) La-Plata

Question 4.
The length of Amazon river is –
i) 2150 km
ii) 2400 km
iii) 6437 km
iv) 3520 km
Answer:
iii) 6437 km

Question 5.
The size of Amazon basin –
i) 70,50,000 sq km
ii) 70,00,000 sq km
iii) 50,00,000 sq km
Answer:
i) 70,50,000 sq km

Question 6.
The number of tributaries of Amazon-
i) 1000
ij) more than 1000
iii) less than 1000
iv) 500
Answer:
ii) more than 1000

Question 7.
60% of Solwa forest is loented in-
i) Colombia
ii) Peru
ii) Bolivia
iv) Brazil
Answer:
iv) Brazil

Question 8.
In tropical rainforest live-
() anaconda snake
ii) tarantula spider
iii) vampire bats
iv) all are true
Answer:
iv) all are true

Question 9.
The word ‘Pampas’ means-
i) extensive grassland
ii) extensive plainland
iii) extensive highland
iv) extensive lowland B.
Answer:
ii) extensive plainland

Question 10.
The river has formed detta mear its mouth-
i) Orinoco
ii) Parana
iii) Paraguay
iv) Uruguay
Answer:
i) Orinoco

Question 11.
Angel waterfall formed over-
i) Uruguay
ii) Paraguay
iii) Orinoco
iv) Parana
Answer:
iii) Orinoco

Question 12.
Hot tropical climate is seen in –
i) south Chile
ii) western Brazil
iii) grassland of Guiana
iv) castern Brazil
Answer:
iv) eastern Brazil

Question 13.
Season change does not occur in-
i) Savana climate
ii) Equatorial climate
iii) Mountain climate
iv) Cold marine climate
Answer:
ii) Equatorial climate

State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)

1. There are 20 countries in South America.
a 2. The main river of South America is Amazon.
3. The highest lake of the world is Aconcagua.
4. The South America is called Latin America.
5. Titicaca is the longest mountain region of the world.
6. Pico-dee-Bandaira is the highest peak located along the coastal zone of Atlantic ocean.
7. Mato grasso plateau lies in Andes mountain.
8. The largest evergreen forest of the world is Selva.
9. Lanos and Pampas are plateau region.
10. Orinoco is the highest water falls.
11. 1100 kmroadway is stretched over Argentina plain.
12. Amazon and orinoco are generated from two different highlands.
13. From south-east the river Uruguay merges with river Parana.
14. The deltaic area of La-Plata is known as Rio-de-la-Plata.
15. La-Plata river falls in Atlantic ocean.
16. The area of Amazon basin is 70,50,00 sqkm.
17. The discharge of water per second is 209,000 cubic metre.
18. There are about more than 1000 tributaris of Amazon.
19. Argentina, the Pampas grassland north east-part of Uruguay belong to temperate climate.
20. Chile belongs to temperate climate.
21. The Western part of Brazil, belongs to hot tropical climate.
22. 3.5 lakh insects and 2 lakh species of trees exist here.
23. Selva forest supplies 30% of earth’s oxygen.
24. The average annual rainfall in Selva is 250-300 cm.
25. The average annual temperature of Selva forest is 26°-27°C.
26. The area of Selva forest is 20,000 sq km.
27. The shape of Pampas region is like a balloon.
28. The two main river of extensive central plain region is Orincco and Amazon.
29. Pampas region is known as the ‘granary of north America’.
30. The main crop of Pampas region is maize.
31. Andes occupies the first place.
32. Depending on agrobased raw material cottage cheese, butter, cheese industries are developed.
33. About 40% sheep is reared in this province.
34. At the foothill of Andes, Cordoba region is famous for dairy industry.
35. Large amount of beef, butter, cottage cheese, cheese, wool, leather, fat are exported to foreign countries.
36. The pasture farm of Pampaus region is called Estansia.
37. Selva forest is called Tropical rain forest.
38. The equator passes through the northern part of South America.
Answer:
1. false
2. true
3. false
4. true
5. false
6. true
7. true
8. true
9. false
10. false
11.true
12. false
13.false
14. true
15.true
16. true
17.true
18. true
19. true
20. false
21. false
22. false
23. false
24. true
25. true
26. false
27. false
28. false
29. false
31. false
32. false
33. true
34. true
35. true
36. true
37. true
38. true.

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. The triangular shaped continent of the Southern hemisphere is the _________ largest countinent.
2. The area of this continent is __________ times greater than India.
3. The desert area is ___________ and __________ region of the world.
4. In the middle of narrow coastal plains of the west __________ desert lies.
5. The Atacama desert is _________ km long.
6. __________ lies to the Amazon river.
7. ____________ lies to the south of Amazon river.
8. The world largest evergreen forest is __________.
9. The northern part of the continent is __________ and the southern part is __________.
10. The climate in the __________ of the northern part remains by seas and ocean.
11. Wet __________ flowing over the Pacific ocean is guarded by Andes mountin.
12. __________ desert is located at the southern part of the continent.
13. Western part of the Andes mountin has turned into __________ area.
14. __________ desert is formed in western part of the continent.
15. South eastern trade wind gets abstructed against,the __________ mountain.
16. __________ 1akh insects and __________ lakh species of trees exist in Selva.
17. Parana and Paraguay merge near Argentina’s capital __________.
18. La-Plata falls into __________ ocean.
19. In evergreen forest the annual rainfall is __________ cm.
20. ______ has occupied the first place in exporting wheat.
21. In evergreen forest live __________,__________,__________ ete.
22. Pampas region is known as the __________ of South America.
23. Besides wheat __________,__________ cte are grown plentifully.
24. The major food erop of this region is __________.
25. Depending on agrobased raw materials __________, __________ industries have been developtet.
26. In Pampas regian __________ and __________ goods are porduced.
Answer:
1. fourth
2. five
3. dry, drought prone
4. Atacama
5. 1100
6. Guiana highland
7. Brazilias highland
8. Selva,
9. wider, laper
10. intirior, uneffected
11. Westerlies
12. Patagonia
13. rain shadow
14. Atacama
15. Andes.
16. 2.5.4.
17. Buenos Aires
18. Atlantic
19. 250-300
20. Argentina
21. Anaconda, snake, vampire bats
22. Granary
23. maize, barley
24. wheat
25. flour, sugar
26. animal based, agrobased

Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) Andes is	i) world’s largest river
b) World’s highest waterfall	ii) is Selva forest
c) Titicaca is	iii) near its mouth
d) Amazon is	iv) in mineral resourees
e) Aconoggua is the	v) is Angel
f) World”s Largest evergreen forest	vi) world’s highest lake
g) The sizo of Amazon Basin is	vii) world’s largest mountain range
h) Orinoco has formed delta	viii) are long and large in volume
i) Dampas is poor	ix) 70,50,000 sq km.
j) Most of the rivers of South America	x) highest peak of Andes

Answer:
a) Andes is world’s largest mountain range.
b) World’s highest waterfall is Angel.
c) Titicaca is world’s highest lake.
d) Amazon is world’s largest river.
e) Aconcagua is the highest peak of Andes.
f) World’s largest evergreen forest is Selva forest.
g) The size of Amazon Basin is 70,50,000 sq km.
h) Orinoco has formed delta near its mouth.
i) Pampas is poor in mineral ręsources.
j) Most of the rivers of South America are long and large in volume.

Very Short Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
Which latitude lies to the north of Sourth America?
Answer:
12°28′ latitude lies to the north of South America.

Question 2.
What is the major river of South Ameriea?
Answer: Amazon river.

Question 3.
How many countries are there in South America?
Answer:
13 countries.

Question 4.
Name the famous citios of Sonth Amerien.
Answer:
Rio-de-janeiro, Santiago, Montevideo, Quito, Bucros Aires.

Question 5.
What is Latin America?
Answer:
South America, Middle America, Mexico and Caribbean Island are collectivety callled ‘Latin America’.

Question 6.
What is the longest monntain chain of the world?
Answer:
Andes.

Question 7.
What is the highest kake of the workl?
Answer:
Titicaca.

Question 8.
What are the first and second highest active valcanoes on the earth?
Answer:
Mt Chimborajo (6272 m), 2) Cotopaxi (5896 m).

Question 9.
What is the highest waterfalls on the earth?
Answer:
Angel.

Question 10.
What is the highest peak of Eastern Highland region? What is its height?
Answer:
Roraima. Its height is 2769 m.

Question 11.
What is La-Plata river?
Answer:
The combined channels of Parana, Paraguay and Uruguay is called La-Plata river.

Question 12.
What is the average rainfall of Amazon basin?
Answer:
250-300 cm.

Question 13.
What is the area of Selva forest.
Answer:
55,00,000 sqkm.

Question 14.
What percent of Oxigen is supplied by Selva forest?
Answer:
20%.

Question 15.
What percent of living species is found in Selva forest?
Answer:
10%.

Question 16.
State the location of Selva forest?
Answer:
Brazil (60%), Peru (13%), Coclombia (10%) and parts of Venezuela, Balivia, Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana.

Question 17.
What types of plants and animals grow in evergreen forest?
Answer:
Plants : fern, fungus, moss and different types of trees.
Animals : anaconda, snake, terantula, spider, vampire, bats, leeche etc.

Question 18.
Which place has Argentia occupied in wheat production in the world?
Answer:
First.

Question 19.
What is the main exporting goods of Pampas?
Answer:
Meat.

Question 20.
Which goods are exported by Pampas region?
Answer:
Beef, butter, cottage cheese, cheese, wool, leather, fat etc.

Question 21.
What is known of ‘The granary of South America’?
Answer:
South America.

Question 22.
What is the main food crop of Pampas?
Answer:
Wheat.

Question 23.
What vegetables are grown in Pampas region?
Answer:
Maize, barley, sugar cane, cotton, different fruit.

Question 24.
What is Cordoba famous?
Answer:
For dairy industry.

Question 25.
What is the meaning of the term ‘Pampas’?
Answer:
The word Pampas means – exclusive plainland.

Question 26.
How is the shape of Pampas region?
Answer:
It has a shape like the crescent moon.

Question 27.
Where is Pampas grassland located?
Answer:
Pampas grassland covers most of the Argentina, Urugua and some part of Southern Brazil.

Question 28.
Name two main rivers of Pamupas grassland.
Answer:
Parana and Paraguay.

Question 29.
What is the average rainfall of Pampas grassland?
Answer:
50-100 cm.

Question 30.
Which is ‘The Granary of South America’?
Answer:
Pampas.

Question 31.
Why grassland of pampas has been destroyed?
Answer:
For transportation and agricultural purpose.

Short Questions & Answers : (2 marks for each question)

Question 1.
Which industries have grown in Pampas region?
Answer:
Food processing and other industries have been setup in Pampas region. Based on Cattle powder milk, cheese, cattage cheese, butter, dairy products and meat processing industries have been flourished. Flour, sugar, bakery etc industries have been developed here.

Question 2.
What are different physiographic division of South America?
Answer:
According to the variation in physical structure the South America is divided into major zones :

1. The Western Mountian region.
2. Narrow Coastal plains of the West.
3. Eastern high land region.
4. The extensive central plain.

Question 3.
Give the features of the Drainage of South America?
Answer:

1. Most of the rivers of South America are long and large in volume.
2. The rivers are perennial as they are fed by rain and snow.
3. Most of the viver originated from Andes mountain.
4. Only Orineco has formed delta near its mouth.

Question 4.
Write about the climate of Pampas region.
Answer:
As the Pampus region lies close to the ocean the weather is pleasant here, the average summer temperature varies from 22°-24°Cand during winter it remain 8°-10°C. Anntal rainfall is 50-100 cm. The rainfall increases from West to East.

Question 5.
Name the source, mouth and tributaries of Amazon river.
Answer:
Source-Mismi peak of Andes.
Mouth-North Atlantic Ocean.
Tributaries – Jurua, Purus, Xingu, Madeira.

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
Discuss about the Western mountain region of South America:
Answer:
The Western mountain region of South America lies to the West of the continent and it consists of mainly Andes mountain ranges. It stretches from Caribbean sea in the North to cape Horn in the South. Andes is the longest mountain ranges and second heighest in the world. Aconcagua (6960 m) is the highest peak of Andes. Some inter montane plateaus are located in many places of Andes mountain ranges. They are Balivia, Equador, Peru, Titicaca etc. Titicaca lake (3810 m) is the world’s highest lake lies in this region.

Question 2.
Discuss about the extensive central plain of South America.
Answer:
The extensive central plain lies between the Western mountain region and Eastern highland. The area of the plain is more than half of the continental area. This region is mainly the basin of the river Orinaco, Amazon and La Plata. This plain is known in different names in different river basin-1) Orinaco river basin, 2) Amazon river basin, 3) Parana-Paraguay rivers basin, 4) La Plata river basin.

Question 3.
Diseuss about the causes of climate variation of South America.
Answer:
The causes of variation of climate is divided into 5 divisions-:
i) Latitudinal Extent : The equator passes through the northern part of South America and Tropic of Capricon passes through the middle. According to the latitudinal extent 70% of the continent lies in the torried zone and 20% lies in warm temperate zone and 10% in cold temperate zone.

ii) Distance from sea : The northern part of the continent is wider and the lower part tapered. Due to the distance irom sea the northern part remains uneffected by sea and ocean.

iii) Altitude factor: Moisture laden Westerlies flowing over the pacific ocean is guarded by Andesmountain and can not epter into the sothern parts of the continent. So Patagonia desert is located here. Andes mountain, guiana and Brazilis… highlands though located in torrid zone. remains relatively cool throughout the year.

iv) Ocean current : Though located in same latitudes due to warm Brazil current the eastern part of the continent remains warm but western part faces cold weather under the influence of cold peru current.

v) Wind : Atacama desert is formed in the Western part of the continet. South east trade winds are interrupted by Andes mountain resulting a rain shadow area in the Western flanks of the mountain.

Question 4.
Write about the Western Mountain Region of South America.
Answer:
The western mountain region of South America lies to west of the continent and it consists of mainly Andise mountain ranges. It extends from caribbean sea in the north to Cape Horn in the south. Andes is the longest mountain ranges and second heighest in the world. Aconcagua (6960 m) is the highest peak of Andes. Some inter mountains p!ateaus are located in many places of Andes mountain ranges. They are-Bolivia, Equador. Pere, Titicaca. Titicaca lake (381 m) is the world’s highest lake, lies in this region.

Question 5.
Write about the Narrow Coasta! Plains of ine West of South America.
Answer:
This region lies between Pacific ocean Coast and Andes mountain ranges. This region extends from north to south stretching all through the West Coast. In the middle of the coastal plain Atacama disert lies which is 1100 kmlong. It is one of the driest and drought prone areas of the world.

Question 6.
Write about the Easte:’ High Land Region of South America.
Answer:
The eastern high land region lies to the east of south America. The two highlands both are the parts of very ancient landmass. They are as old as Decean plateau of India and Canadian shield of North America. These two highlands are seperated by the Amazon river.

Question 7.
Write about the extensive Central Plain of South America.
Answer:
The extensive central plain lies between the Western mountain region and Eastern highiand. The area of the plain is more than half of the continental area. This region is mainly the basin of the river Orinaco, Amazon and La Plata. This plain is known in different names in different river basins. Among them Selva is the longer. The world’s largest evergreen forest has grown in the Selva, which is situated at Amazon river basin. This forest is known as Selva forest. On the other hand Llanss and Pampas are originally the grassland.

Question 8.
Write down the location and boundary of pampas region.
Answer:
Most of Argentina and Uruguay’s area is occupied by the grassland. It also includes a small part of Southern Brazil. It lies between 30°-38°South latitude and 54°to 65°West longitude. In the north lies Gran chaco plains and Brazilian highland in the east Atlantic Ocean. Patagonia Desert is to the Southern boundary and foothills of Andes is the Western limit.

Question 9.
Write down the physiography and drainage of pampas region.
Answer:
Pampas grassland is made up of soil brought down by the rivers and does soil deposits by aeolian action. Though it is a plain land small hills or hillocks are found at some places. The whole area slants from the foothill of the Andes in the west to the east Atlantic coast. The two major rivers in this region are Parana and Paraguay. They join with each other near the capital of Buenas Aires and their joint channel La-Plata drains out into Atlantic Ocean.

Question 10.
Write about agriculture of Pampas region.
Answer:
Pampas region is very developed in agriculture. Most of the grassland have been cut down for agriculture and transportation. The fertile alluvial soil, minimum rainfall is favourable for agriculture. The main food crop of the region is wheat. Argentina is the leading producer of wheat It has become leading exporting country of wheat. Besides maize, barley, sugarcane, cotton different types of fruits and vegetables also grow here. Developed machinery is used for cultivation. Now Pampas region is known as ‘The granary of South America’.

Question 11.
Write about mineral resources of Pampas region.
Answer:
Pampas region is not rich in minerals. So large industry have not been grown here. Sufficient amount of animal based and agro based products are available here. Food processing and other industries have been grown based on these raw materials. Based on animal based raw materials, Milk, cottage cheese, butter, cheesc etc and meat processing industries have been developed. Flour, sugar, bakery industries have been developed based on agro based raw materiais.

Question 12.
Write about the cattle rearing of Pampas region.
Answer:
Pampas region is favourable for cattle rearing. The pasture farms are called Estansia. The inhabitants rear cattle for meat and milk. The cattlc are reared in the region with more rainfall to the east and sheep are reared in the region with less rainfall to the south-west. Cordoba, at the foothill of Andes, is famous for dairy industry. Mostly cows are reared here for milk, the south-east part of Buenos Aires Provices is the main region of Cattle rearing. Nearly 40% sheep is reared in this province. Large amount of bread, butter, collage cheese, cheese, beef, wool, leather, fat are exported to foreign countries. Argentina occupies the first position in meat cxport.

Question 13.
Mention different climates of South America.
Answer:

1. Equatorial climate
2. Savana climate
3. Hot tropical climate
4. Tropical desert climate
5. Mediterranean climate
6. Cold marins climate
7. Temperate (grassland) climate
8. Temperate (desert) climate
9. Mountain climate

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 9 North America offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 Geography Chapter 9 Question Answer – North America

Textbook Page no. 79.

Question 1.
Make a list where istlumus are seen in the world.
Answer:
Isthmus of Panama, Berirg straight Devis Straight and isthmtis. Archin straight.

Textbook Page no. 84.

Question 1.
Why north flowing rivers of North America are not suitable for navigation?
Answer:
In severe cold of winter the rivers turn into ice. So the north flowing rivers are not suitable for navigation.

Textbook Page no. 89.

Question 1.
What are the roles of mineral resources in economic prosperity of the lake region?
Answer:
Minerals play an important role in the econmic development of a country. In this region high amount of coal, iron ore, mineral oil, limestone, manganese. zinc, mineral salt, gypsum are found. Thus the region has become prospersous in industry.

Question 2.
How did the lake region industrially developed?
Answer:
The factors of developing in industry of lake region are –

1. Availablity of minerals
2. Facility of abundance of capital.
3. Huge hydro-electric power is created from strong current river.
4. The net work of road ways has developed transport system.
5. Plenty of raw materials of forest.
6. The huge amount of water of St. Lawrence river.

Question 3.
State the role of transportation system in economic prosperity of lake region.
Answer:
Industry can be developed with the developing of transport system. In this region there are five lakes with st. Lawrence river. So the goods can be transported from one place to another through water ways. The transportation cost through water ways is comperatively lesser. Thus the region become economically prosperous.

Textbook Page no. 90.

Question 1.
Find out the places in India where livestock ranching and food processing industries mutually exists together.
Answer:
Mutual existance of livestock ranching and food processing are found in India. In Himalaya region sheep are reared in differerent places. For the presence of grassland cattle rearing is done here. In Terai, the foot hill of Himalaya and different places of Madhya Pradesh animal husbandery is done.

Textbook Page no. 91.

Question 1.
Why numerous lakes are seen in the Canadian shield region?
Answer:
In some part of shield region depression were created on the surface of the earth that resulted creation of lakes.

Textbook Page no. 93.

Match the following :
Answer:

Buffallo	Largest flour produceing centre.
Chicago	Slaughter house of the world
Gary	Capital of Iron and Steel industry.
Detroil	Largest automobile manufacturing centre.
Wisconsin	Main centre for dairy product.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 9 Question Answer West Bengal Board – North America

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
In the south and west of North America-
i) North Atlantic Ocean
ii) Atlantic Ocean
iii) Pacific Ocean
iv) Arctic Ocean
Answer:
iii) Pacific Ocean

Question 2.
Christopher Columbus discovered the eastern island of North America in
i) 1400
ii) 1492
iii) 1501
iv) 1470
Answer:
ii) 1492

Question 3.
Panama Canal was created in-
i) 1914
ii) 1900
iii) 1940
iv) 1924
Answer:
i) 1914

Question 4.
In North America Death Valley is the-
i) coldest region
ii) cold region
iii) hot region
iv) hottest region
Answer:
iv) hottest region

Question 5.
In the south of five lakes situated –
i) Prairie plain land
ii) plains of lake region
iii) plains of St. Lawrence
iv) plains of Mississippi-Missouri basin
Answer:
ii) plains of lake region

Question 6.
Source of Columbia river-
i) Rocky mountain
ii) Slave lake
iii) Ontario lake
iv) Superior lake
Answer:
i) Rocky mountain

Question 7.
Longest river of North America-
i) Columbia
ii) St. Lawrence
iii) Colorado
iv) Mississippi-Missouri
Answer:
iv) Mississippi-Missouri

Question 8.
Northern part of North America is-
i) narrow
ii) wide
iii) verymuch wide
iv) verymuch narrow
Answer:
iii) verymuch wide

Question 9.
Niagra falls is situated on-
i) Columbia
ii) St. Lawrence
iii) Colorado
iv) Mississippi-Missouri
Answer:
ii) St. Lawrence

Question 10.
Important centre of rubber industry-
i) Akron
ii) Chicago
iii) Detroit
iv) Duluth
Answer:
i) Akron

Question 11.
World’s second largest gold mine situated in Canadian Shicld region is –
i) Sudbury
ii) Newsoundland
iii) Timinis
iv) Thompson
Answer:
iii) Timinis

Question 12.
In northern part of Canadian Shicld region temperature remains below freezing point for about-
i) two months
ii) three months
iii) five months
iv) seven months
Answer:
iv) seven months

Question 13.
In Canadian Shield region copper ore is found in-
i) Thompson
ii) Noranda
iii) Sherridon
iv) Newsoundland
Answer:
ii) Noranda

Question 14.
Cause of agricultural development in Lake region –
i) fertile soil
ii) crop rotation
iii) adequate amount of water
iv) all of the above
Answer:
iv) all of the above

Question 15.
Important centre of oil refinary and petro-chemical industry in lake region of North America-
i) Akron
ii) Eire
iii) Chicago
iv) Duluth
Answer:
iii) Chicago

Question 16.
According to size the largest fresh water lake in the world-
i) Superior
ii) Michigan
iii) Huron
iv) Ontario
Answer:
i) Superior

Question 17.
In countries of Middle Americs rainfall occurs-
i) in winter
ii) in summer
iii) in rainy season
iv) throughout the year
Answer:
iv) throughout the year

Question 18.
Trees are conical shaped and deep green in colour-
i) mahogany, ablus
ii) pine, larch
iii) olive, cork-oak
iv) maple, jupiner
Answer:
ii) pine, larch

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. _________ region is not developed in agriculture.
2. Deer and Bear is found in __________ forest.
3. Canada is famous for __________ and ________ industry.
4. Canadian Shield regien is part of world’s most ancient _________.
5. Chiengo is ealled the ________ llouse of the world.
6. The fargest fsilud of fire wortd is _________.
7. The famous swater Pats of the world is _________.
8. The world’s largest sweet water lake is _________.
9. The world famous eanyon is _________.
10. The busiest airport of the vorld is _________.
11. In _________ A.D., Anterigo Vespucci a Italean sailor disçovered the continent America.
12. North America lies in Northern _________.
13. In _________ and _________ AD European inlabitants had the babbies to discover new countries.
14. In 1492 AD, _________ an Italean sailor, discovered Easterr Island of North America to discover water ways between Europe and India.
15. North America is surrounded by _________ and _________.
16. The North America is seperated from Asia by _________.
17. A narrow landmass, which joins two continents is called _________.
18. A narrow landmass lying between North America and South America is called _________.
19. _________ canal was created in 1914 diging Panama Istinmus.
20. Praire plain land is also salled _________.
Answer:
1. Shield
2. coniferous
3. timber, paper
4. landmass
5. slaughter
6. Greenland
7. Naigara
8. Superior
9. Grand Canyon
10. Atlanta
11. 1501
12. Hemisphere
13. 1400, 1500
14. Cristopher Colambus
15. sea and ocean
16. Bering straight
17. genes
18. Panama Isthmus
19. Panama
20. Praire Grassland

State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)

1. Cordillera means a chain of parallel mountain ranges.
2. Death valley is 30 metres deep below the sen level.
3. Mississippi-Missouri river has formed bird’s foot digitate delta.
4. Southern part of North America is very wide.
5. Grand Canyon is somewhere in its course is more than 2000 m deep.
6. Prairie grassland is located in middle part of North America.
7. Lake region is remarkable for animal ranching.
8. In Canadian Shicld region the slope of the land is fromnorth to south.
9. The south anú south-eastern part of Canadian Shield region is relatively warmer.
10. In Canadian Shield region Toronto is famous for dairy product.
11. Lake region is not developed in agriculture.
12. Duluth is an important centre for chemical industry.
Answer:
1. true
2. fals
3. true
4. false
5. false
6. true
7. true
8. false
9. true
10. false
11. false
12. true

Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) Average annual temperature is 4° C	i) slaughter house of the world
b) Canadian Shield region is made from	ii) lake region
c) Lumbering industry is well developed	iii) is full of diversity
d) Canada has a remarkable position	iv) huge quantities of wheat
e) Chicago is known as	v) granite and gneiss
f) Five lakes are known as	vi) in Canada
g) Gary is the largest iron-ore industry	vii) in wood and paper production
h) The Prairies produce	viii) is Canadian Shield region
i) Climate of North America	ix) in central lowland of North America
j) Mississippi-missouri is situated	x) of the world

Answer:
a) Average annual temperature is 4°C in Canadian Shield region.
b) Canadian Shield region is made from granite and gneiss.
c) Lumbering industry is well developed in Canada.
d) Casada has a remarkable position in wood and paper production.
e) Chicago is known as slaughter house of the world.
f) Five lakes are known as lake region.
g) Gary is the largest iron-ore industry of the world.
h) The Prairies produce huge quantities of wheat.
i) Climate of North America is full of diversity.
j) Mississippi-missouri is situated in central lowland of North America.

Very Short Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
Who discover the sca-route of Ameriea?
Answer:
Christofar Columbus in 1492 AD.

Question 2.
After whose name America was named?
Answer:
America was named after Amerigo Vespucci.

Question 3.
What is an Isthmas?
Answer:
An Isthmas is a narrow landmass that joins two continents.

Question 4.
When was Panama canal created?
Answer:
Panama canal was created in 1914.

Question 5.
What are the benifits of creation of Panama canal?
Answer:
Navigation became easy between eastern coast of North America and Erope and West coast of South America.

Question 6.
Who named West Indies?
Answer:
Columbus discovered Eastern Island of North America and thought those Islands were West Indies.

Question 7.
What is the main river of North America?
Answer:
Mississippi-Missouri is the main river of North America.

Question 8.
What is the highest peak of North America ?
Answer:
Mt Mckinley (6195m) is the highest peak of North America.

Question 9.
What are the famous cities of North America?
Answer:
Washington D. C., New York, California, Mexico city, Chicago, Torento.

Question 10.
What is the largest fresh water lake in the world?
Answer:
Superior lake.

Question 11.
What are the five lakes?
Answer:
Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie and Ontario.

Question 12.
What type of delta is formed by Mississippi and Missouri.
Answer:
Like a bird’s feet.

Question 13.
What is the famous Canyon of the world?
Answer:
Grand Canyon.

Question 14.
What is the largest island of the world?
Answer:
Greenland.

Question 15.
What is the rusisen airport of the wond?
Answer:
Atranta.

Question 16.
What is the largest Nickel mine of the world?
Answer:
Sudkury.

Question 17.
What is the world’s second largest gold mine?
Answer:
Thinins.

Question 18.
What type of animals found in Canada region?
Answer:
Reindeer, bear, wild cat, prairie dogs.

Question 19.
What are the main rivers of Canadian Shield region?
Answer:
Mckenzie, Nelson, Churchil etc.

Question 20.
What are the vegotation of Canadian Shield Region?
Answer:
Moss, lichen, algae and small shurbs.

Question 21.
In which climatic region Canadian Shield region belongs to?
Answer:
It is under the severely cold Tundra climate.

Question 22.
What is the shape of Canadian shield? What is its other natine?
Answer:
It is of ‘V’ shaped. The arother name is Lawrentian Plateau.

Question 23.
What is the meaning of the term ‘Shicld’.
Answer:
Undulating surface formed by hard rock.

Question 24.
What type of grass found in Prairie grassland?
Answer:
Hay, clover, Alfalfa and maize.

Question 25.
Where in America plentiful wheat is cultivate?
Answer:
Dakota state.

Question 26.
Why have modern refrigeration systems been built in Prairie region?
Answer:
For conservation of milk and dairy products.

Question 27.
What are the causes of elimatic diversity of North America?
Answer:
Latitude extent, ocean current. wind location of Mintain.

Question 28.
Which city is called ‘Slaughter House of the workd’?
Answer:
Chicago.

Question 29.
What is the largest flour producing centre of North Ameriea?
Answer:
Buffalo.

Question 30.
Which city is ealled ‘Rubber eapital of the world’.
Answer:
Akron.

Question 31.
What is the world’s largest automobile centre of the world?
Answer:
Detroit.

Question 12.
Where is Grand Canyon found?
Answer:
Grand Canyon is found in the Colorado river.

Question 33.
Where has world’s largest river val!ey planning been build up?
Answer:
On the river Tennesee.

Question 34.
Which is the longest river of North America?
Answer:
Missouri-Misouri river.

Short Questions & Answers : (2 marks for each question)

Question 1.
Mention boundary of North America
Answer:
North America is surronded three sides by the oceAnswer: North Atlantic ocean is to the north, Atlantic ocean is to the East, Pacific ocean to the south and west.

Question 2.
What is Lake Region of North America?
Answer:
In the eastern part of North America the region beside five lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario are known as lake region. This area extends between 41° N and 50° N latitude and between 75° W and 93° W logitude.

Question 3.
Mention climate of lake region.
Answer:
The climate of lake region is cold. In severe cold winter temperature lies below freezing point, so lakes are covered with ice. But the climate is pleasant in summer. Average temperature is 16° C and average annual rainfall is 70-80 cm.

Question 4.
What is Prairie grassland?
Answer:
Prairie grassland is situated at North America. It is a vast grassland. Hay, clover, Alfalfa grass and maize are grown here. A huge quality of wheat is cultivated in this region. So it is caited ‘Bread basket of the world’.

Question 5.
What is cordillera?
Answer:
Cordillera means a chain of parallel mountain ranges. The western cordilleras are parallel chain mountain ranges, extending all along western side of north America.

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
Why is Canadian Shield region developed in lumbering?
Answer:
There are many coniferous forest in south and south eastern part of this region. In winter when the river water turns into ice, the trees are cut and kept on the ice. In summer when ice melts the logs reach to the saw mill located near the river bank. Thus this region is developed in lumbering.

Question 2.
What do you know about the term ‘Bread basket’ of the world ?
Answer:
In the Prairie region of North America when ice melts for the influence of Chinook at the end of the winter wheat is cultivated there in spring. This region is known to wheat belt. Wheat is also cultivated to the south of wheat belt in winter. Great amount of wheat is cultivated in different season in this region. So this region is known as ‘Bread Basket of the world’.

Question 3.
Why is Canadian shield developed in industry.
Answer:

1. Sufficient amount of forest timber, animal fur are available.
2. High quality Canadian technology and mechanical skill.
3. Availability of hydel power.
4. Availability of cheap water transport.

Question 4.
Write a short note on Death valley.
Answer:
Death Valley is located at the south-eastern part of California of western cordilleras. It is 90 metres deep below the sea level. No animal can not survive due to high salinity of water, found here. This deep valley is known as death valley. It is the hottest region (56°C) of North America and the lowest lying area of western hemisphere.

Question 5.
Write a short note on Grand Canyon.
Answer:
Colorado river covers a long way through the desert region. in desertic region the rivers cut deep in the valley floor vertically, so the valley is generally very deep here. Deep Canyons are formed here. Such a canyon named Grand Canyon has been formed in the flow of colorado river. It is 446 km long and some where it is more than 1600 m deep.

Question 6.
Write a short note on America expedition.
Answer:
North America was totally unknown to man 500-years ago. In 1492 Italian saiior Christopher Columbus discovered Eastern Island of North america. He thou thought those islands are West Indies. In 1501AD another Portuguese sailor Amerigo Vespucci followed the route of Columbus and reached the main land of America. He realized that it was not India. He names the continent as America after his own name.

Question 7.
Write about agriculture of Lake region.
Answer:
Lake region is very developed in agriculture. Cultivation is practiced here by using crop rotation. The crops produced here are maize, barley, wheat, oat, rye, beet etc and the fruits are grapes, apples and peach. In the corn belt of this region corn is cultivated for feeding cattle. Central highland is famous for highest maize producing region of the world. At the north part different grasses are cultivated for cattle feeding.

Question 8.
Write about livestock ranching of Lake regicn.
Answer:
Cattle, pig, Jercy cow and sheep are reared in the lake region to provide milk, dairy products and meat to the lake region and surrounding areas. So poultry farm has been set up here. Washington state, lies beside Superior and Michigan lake is known as dairy state for animal ranching. Chicago is famous for meat production and conservation. Thus Chicago is called the slaughter house of the world.

Question 9.
What are the causes of livestock faring of Lake region.
Answer:
The reasons for the development of live stock farming in the lake region are-

1. Huge amount of hay, clover grass are grown here to supply sufficient food for cattle.
2. Adequate water of lake region provides water needed for cattles.
3. The presence of vast plain region is favourable for grazing.
4. The cold climate helps in preservation of milk, dairy products and meat.

Question 10.
Describe climate and natural vegetation of shield region.
Answer:
This region belongs extremely cold Fundra climatic region. The temperature does not exceeds 10°C. Tutal rainfal! less than 40 cm. Large trees do not grow. Moss, lichen, algae and small shrubs grow here. The Southeastern part of shield region is relatively warmer. Annual average temperature is 4°C. Large coniferous forest of Pine, fir, birch, maple ete are found here and so lumbering industry has been developed hare.

Question 11.
Describe Western cardillera of North Ameviea.
Answer:
This region is extended from northern part of Bering straight to southern part of Panama canal along the Western part of Pacific coast of North America. This cardillera extends through the South America with the name of Andes. These mountain ranges are new-fold mountains like Himalayan mountain ranges. These mountain ranges have formed along the convergent plate boundary when the Pacific ecean plate and North American continental plate were collided. The middle part of it is wider and two sides are narrow. The main mountain ranges are Coast range. Alaska range, Brooks vange. Mt Mckinley (6195 m) of Alaska range is the highest peak of North America. The rivers flowing western hilly rsgion are Yukon, Colorado, Coloumbia, Frazer ete. These river fall into the Pacific ocean.

Question 12.
What are the causes of climatic variations in North America?
Answer:
In North America various climatic regions are found. The causes of climatic variation are as follows –
1. Latitudinal Extent : Most of the part of North Ameriea lies between 30°-60° N latitude. This region belongs to temperate climate. As the Tropic of carcer passes through Mexico, Tropical climate is found in Middle America, Mexico, Caribbean Islands. Northern part of this continent expcriences Tundra and Polar climate.

2. Ocean Current : For the influence of cold Labrador current North America remains snow covered all the year round. Due to the influence of cold California current South-eastern part of the continent along with California coast remains cold. Warm Gulf stream increases the temperature of the coast of south-east part of the continent.

3. Wind : A hot wind called Chinook blows in the eastern slope of the Rocky mountain in the beginning of the spring. The moirture holding eapacity of the wind inereases and so rain fall does not oecur. For this reason grasses and shrub type vegetation grow here. This region is known as prairie region.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 8 Some Neighbouring Countries of India and Its Relationship with Them offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 Geography Chapter 8 Question Answer – Some Neighbouring Countries of India and Its Relationship with Them

Textbook Page no. 74

Question 1.
What are the numbers of neighbouring countries of India?
Answer:
There are six neibouring countries of India.

Question 2.
Which neighbouring country is situated on which side of Indis.?
Answer:
To the north Nepal and Bhutan, to the east Mayanmar, to the south Srilanka and to the west Pakistan.

Question 3.
Which countries share the boarder with the landmass of India?
Answer:
Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan.

Question 4.
Which neighbouring country is situated on three sides by Indian territory?
Answer:
Bangladesh is surrounded on three sides by Indian territory.

Question 5.
Mention the names of two neighbouring countries which is surrounded by landmass of India.
Answer:
Srilanka and Maynmar.

Question 6.
Mention a neighbouring country which touches theArabian Sea.
Answer:
Pakistan.

Question 7.
Mention two neighbouring countries which have no seaport.
Answer:
Napal and Bhutan.

Question 8.
Name the two neighbouring countries that depend upon Kolkata port for foreign trade.
Answer:
Napal and Bhutan.

Question 9.
In which neighbouring countries does India make tradeby waterways?
Answer:
Mayanmar and Srilanka.

Question 10.
Which three neighbouring countries share boundries with our state West bengal?
Answer:
Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh.

Question 11.
By which strait India and Srilanka are seperated?
Answer:
Seperated by Palk strait.

Question 12.
Name two states of India which touch the boundries with three neighbouring countries.
Answer:
The two states are Assam. Arunachal Pradesh.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 8 Question Answer West Bengal Board – Some Neighbouring Countries of India and Its Relationship with Them

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
From India Nepal imports –
i) petrochemicals
ii) oil seed
iii) carpet
iv) raw jute
Answer:
i) Petrochemicals

Question 2.
From Nepal and Bangladesh India imports –
i) fertilizer
ii) constructs equipment
iii) raw jute
iv) crop seed
Answer:
iii) raw jute.

Question 3.
India imports from Mayanmar and Srilanka –
i) coal
ii) cotten garments
iii) cotton garments
iv) pricious stones
Answer:
iv) Precious stones

Question 4.
India exports to Mayanmar and Srilanka-
i) iron-coal-jute made products
ii) hilsa fish
iii) leather
iv) silver
Answer:
i) iron-coal-jute mad products

Question 5.
India imports from Bangladesh-
i) sugar
ii) hilsa fish
iii) silk made goods
iv) steel
Answer:
ii) hilsa fish

Question 6.
India imports from Srilanka-
i) leather
ii) carpet
iii) medicine
iv) spices
Answer:
iv) spices

Question 7.
India exports to Bhutan-
i) medicine
ii) oil seed
iii) areca nut
iv) fruits
Answer:
i) medicine.

Question 8.
India imports from Bhutan-
i) salt
ii) jam-jelly
iii) precious stones
iv) hilsa fish
Answer:
ii) jam-jelly

Question 9.
India exports to SriLanka-
i) graphite
ii) coconut products
iii) leather
iv) garments
Answer:
iv) garments

Question 10.
The state language of Pakistan is –
i) urdu
ii) hindi
iii) panjabi
iv) english
Answer:
i) Urdu

Question 11.
Pakistan is developed in –
i) poultry
ii) agriculture
iii) industry
iv) cottage industry,
Answer:
ii) agriculture

Question 12.
The process of taking water through tunnel under soil is called-
i) carriage system
ii) barrage system
iii) tabe well system
Answer:
i) carriage system

Question 13.
Bangladesh is developed in-
i) mining
ii) steel industry
iii) cottage industry
iv) tourism
Answer:
iii) cottage industry.

Question 14.
The leading industry of Bangladesh is –
i) steel
ii) coal
iii) iron
iv) jute
Answer:
iv) jute

Question 15.
Bangladesh thin is lack of –
i) minerals
ii) jute
iii) whent
iv) cottage industry
Answer:
i) minerals

Question 16.
In Bangladesh famous for tant industry-
i) Khulna
ii) Tangail
iii) Barishal
iv) Chittagong
Answer:
ii) Tangail.

Question 17.
In Bangladesh famous for Maslin-
i) Narayanganj
ii) Jashore
iii) Dhaka
iv) Khulna
Answer:
iii) Dhaka.

Question 18.
Largest industry of Nepal –
i) tourism
ii) chemical
iii) iron
iv) cement
Answer:
i) tourism

Question 19.
The main industry of Bhutan is –
i) tant
ii) jam-jelly
iii) paper
iv) iron
Answer:
ii) jarn-jelly

Question 20.
The highest peak of the world –
i) Dodabeta
ii) Nandade
iii) Kula kangri
iv) Mount Everest
Answer:
iv) Mount Everest.

Question 21.
Nain river of Nepal is –
i) Kali gandak
ii) Manas
iii) Meghna
iv) Indus
Answer:
i) Kali gandak

Question 22.
The main city of Srilanka is –
i) Yangon
ii) Karachi
iii) Jaffna
iv) Peshwar
Answer:
Jaffna.

Question 23.
A main city of Pakistan is –
i) Chittagong
ii Negracote
iii) Pokhra
iv) Lahore
Answer:
iv) Lahore

Question 24.
One of the main cities of Bhutan is–
i) Khulna
ii) Phuntsholing
iii) ratnapura
iv) Janakpur
Answer:
ii) Phuntsholing

Question 25.
One of the city of Mayanmar –
i) Paro
ii) Srihatta
iii) Yangon
iv) Lahore
Answer:
iii) angon

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. SAARC is formed with ______ members.
2. In ______ SAARC is formed.
3. The head quarter of SAARC is sit: ated at ______.
4. The object of establishment of SAARC is to improve ______.
5. The height of Mount Everest is ______.
6. The main language of Nepal is ______.
7. The main river of Nepal is ______.
8. ______ is the largest industry of Nepal.
9. The work’s ______ highest peaks are at Nepal.
10. The special attraction of Nepal is ______.
11. The height of the highest peak of Bhutan is ______.
12. The main river of Bhutan is ______.
13. The main language of Bhutan is______.
14. ______ are main cities of Bhutan.
15. Bhutan is world famous in making pickle, jam, jelly ______.
16. Bhtitan is called land of ______.
17. Bangladesh is an ______ country.
18. There are ______ jute factories in Bangladesh.
19. Tant at ______ is famous.
20. ______ of Dhakha is world famous.
21. The ______ of Bangladesh is well developed.
22. The main industry of Bangladesh is ______.
23. The height of the highest peak of Bangladesh is ______ m.
24. The height of the highest peak of Mayanmar is ______ m.
25. The prisious stone of Mayanmar is ______.
26. There are types of forest ______ and ______ found in Mayanmar.
27. The height of the highest peak of Srilanka ______.
28. The main cash crops of Srilanka is ______.
29. Srilanka occupies an important position in ______ production and export.
30. Srilanka occupies first place in production of ______.
31. Srilanka is called ______.
32. One of the important cash crops of Srilanka is ______
33. ______ clave are the spices that are produced in Srilanka.
34. The precious stones like ______, ______ and ______ are famous are found in Srilanka.
35. The method that is practised in Pakistan for irrigation is ______.
36. The main language of Pakistan is ______.
37. The height of the highest peak of Pakistan is ______.
38. The main river of Pakistan is ______.
39. In Pakistan irrigation is practised through ______.
40. A export good of Pakistan is ______.
Answer:
1. eight
2. 1985
3. Kathmandu
4. Trade relation
5. 8848 m
6. Nepali
7. Kali-Gandak
8. tourism
9. ten
10. mountaineering
11. 554 m
12. Manas
13. Dzongkha
14. Phuntsholing, Paro, Punakha
15. Squash
16. hunderbolt
17. gricultural
18. eighty
19. Tangail
20. Maslin
21. Cottage industry
22. Jute industry
23. 1230
24. 5581
25. Ruby
26. evergreen and deciduous
27. 2527 m
28. coconut
29. tea
30. graphite
31. ‘innamon Island
32. cinchona
33. cinnamon. peeper.
34. Sapphire, Ruby, Cat’s eye
35. carriage system
36. Urdu
37. 7690 m
38. Indus
39. canal
40. carpet.

State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)

1. People living around us are our neighbours.
2. Main city of Nepal is Paro.
3. Jute is main agricultural crop of Bhutan.
4. All mountaineers of the world come to Nepal for mountaineering.
5. Jute is the major industry in Bangladesh.
6. India import car and spare parts from Nêpal.
7. India import coconut products from SriLanka
8. Wheat is the main agricultural crop in mayannar.
9. India export motor car to bangladesh.
10. Karachi, Lahore are main cities of Pakistan.
11. Mayanmar is called Cinnamon Island.
12. World famous ruby is found in Mayanmar.
13. Mining based industry is well developed in bangladesh.
14. Twenty highest mountain peaks of the world are situated in Nepal.
15. Bhutan is world famous in making pickle, jam, jelly.
Answer:
1. true
2. false
3. false
4. true
5. true
6. false
7. true
8. false
9. true
10. true
11. false
12. true
13. false
14. false
15. true

Match the following : (1 mark for each question)

Match the column A with column B.

A	B
1) Bangladesh is an	a) Thimpu
2) Main language of Nepal	b) in Nepal
3) Capital of Bhutan is	c) agrarian countiy
4) Bangladesh is developed in	d) from SriLanka
5) The mount Everest is situated	e) from Pakistan
6) India import graphite	f) is Nepali
7) India export paper	g) cottage industry
8) India import high quality cotton	h) to Bhutan

Answer:
1. Bangladesh is an agrarian country.
2. Main language of Nepal is Nepali.
3. Capital of Bhutan is Thimpu.
4. Bangladesh is developed in cottage industry.
5. The mount Everest is situated in Nepal.
6. India import graphite from SriLanka.
7. India export paper to Bhutan.
8. India import high quality cotton from Pakistan.

Very Short Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
When did SAARC formed?
Answer:
SAARC formed in 1985.

Question 2.
What is the full name of SAARC?
Answer:
Assain Association for Regional Co-operation.

Question 3.
Where is the Head quarter of SAARC?
Answer:
Headquarter of SAARC is at Kathmandu.

Question 4.
What is the highest peak of Nepal?
Answer:
Mount Everest is the highest peak of Nepal.

Question 5.
What is the main river of Nepal?
Answer:
Main river of Nepal is Kali Gandak.

Question 6.
What is the capital of Nepal?
Answer:
Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal.

Question 7.
What is the main language of Nepal?
Answer:
The main language of Nepal is Nepali.

Question 8.
What is the main agricultural crops of Nepal?
Answer:
Rice, wheat, jute, maize, jowar, sugarcane, cotton, orange.

Question 9.
What are the main industry of Nepal?
Answer:
Paper, jute, Cotton Textile, sugar, leather.

Question 10.
What are the main cities of Nepal?
Answer:
Pokhra. Biratnagar, Janakpur.

Question 11.
Name the goods that are imported by India from Nepal.
Answer:
Jute, oil seed, pulses, leather, carpet.

Question 12.
What the goods that are exported by India to Nepal?
Answer:
Petro chemicals, motor and motor parts, cotton, fertilizer, garments.

Question 13.
What are source of earning foreign money of Nepal?
Answer:
Tourism industry.

Question 14.
How many highest mountain peaks are situated at Nepal?
Answer:
Ten highest mountain peaks are situated at Nepal.

Question 15.
What is the height of Mount Everest?
Answer:
8848 m.

Question 16.
What is the highest peak of Bhutan?
Answer:
Kulakangri is the highest peak of Bhutan.

Question 17.
What is the main river of Bhutan?
Answer:
The main river of Bhutan is Manas.

Question 18.
What is the capital of Bhutan?
Answer:
The capital of Bhutan is Thimpu.

Question 19.
What is the main language of Bhutan?
Answer:
Dzongkha is the main language of Bhutan.

Question 20.
What are the main agricuitural crops of Bhutan?
Answer:
Wheat, barley, maize, apple, cardamom, orange.

Question 21.
What are the main fruits produced in Bhutan?
Answer:
Orange. apple, pineapple.

Question 22.
What are the main cities of Bhutan?
Answer:
The main cities of Bhutan are Phuntsholing. Paro, Punakha.

Question 23.
What are exported from India to Bhutan?
Answer:
Paper, medicine, coal, steel. sugar, salt. mechinery.

Question 24.
What are imported from Bhutan to India?
Answer:
Cardamom different fruits, jam. jelly. silk and sil.; products.

Question 25.
What is the main industry of Bhutan?
Answer:
Fruit processing.

Question 26.
What is the other name of Bhutan?
Answer:
The other name of Bhutan is ‘Land of Thunderbolt’.

Question 27.
What is the highest peak of Bangladesh?
Answer:
The highest peak of Bangladesh is Keokradong.

Question 28.
What is the main river of Bangladesh?
Answer:
The main river of bangladesh is Meghna.

Question 29.
What is the capital of Bangladesh?
Answer:
The capital of Bangaldesh is Dhaka.

Question 30.
What is the main language of Bangladesh?
Answer:
The main language of Bangladesh is Bengali.

Question 31.
What are the main argicultural crops of Bangladesh?
Answer:
The main agricultural crops of Bangladesh are rice, jute, maize, wheat, jowar, cotton, tea, sugarcane.

Question 32.
What are the main industries of Bangladesh?
Answer:
The main industries of Bangladesh are jute, paper, sugar, garments, cement, handloom, pottery.

Question 33.
What are the main cottage industries of Bangladesh?
Answer:
Tant and pottary are the main cottage industry of Bangladesh.

Question 34.
How many jute mills are there in Bangladesh?
Answer:
There are near about 80 jute mills in Bangladesh.

Question 35.
What are the main cities of Bangladesh?
Answer:
The main cities of bangladesh are chittagong. Shrihatta and Khulna.

Question 36.
What is the highest peak of Mayanmar?
Answer:
The highest peak of Mayanmar is Hkakabo Razi.

Question 37.
What is the main river of Mayanmar?
Answer:
The main river of Mayanmar is lrrawaddy.

Question 38.
What is the capital of Mayanmar?
Answer:
The capital of Mayanmar is Naypyidaw.

Question 39.
What is the main language of Mayanmar?
Answer:
The main language of Mayanmar is Burmese.

Question 40.
What are the main agricultural crops of Mayanmar?
Answer:
Rice, maize, jowar, millet, tobacco.

Question 41.
What are the main industrics of Mayanmar?
Answer:
The main industrics of Mayanmar are sugar, jute. silk.

Question 42.
What are the main minerals of Mayanmar?
Answer:
The main minerals are mineral oil, tin. lead, zinc, tungsten and precious stone.

Question 43.
Which type of precious stone found in Mayanmar?
Answer:
World famous Ruby is found here.

Question 44.
How do Nayanmar rich in forest resources?
Answer:
Different types of trees like Garjan. Chaplah. Mehagany, Arjun, Sal. Teak and undulating grassland are seen.

Question 45.
What are the main cities of Srilanka?
Answer:
The main cities are Colombo. Jaffna, Kandy, Ratnapura.

Question 46.
What does India import from Mayanmar?
Answer:
Teak, sal, silver, tin, tungsten etc.

Question 47.
What does India export to Mayanmar?
Answer:
Steel, coal, jute products, cotton products, chemical goods, transportation items.

Question 48.
What does India export to Bangladesh?
Answer:
Automobile, medicines, sugar. mechinery, coal, steel, seed crops and reoairing goods.

Question 49.
What does India import from Bangladesh?
Answer:
Jute, paper, areca nut, tobaceo, leather, hilsa fish and natural gas.

Question 50.
What is the height of the peak Kakabo Razi?
Answer:
5581 m.

Question 51.
What is the highest peak of Srilanka?
Answer:
The highest peak of Srilarka is Pidurutalagala.

Question 52.
What is the capital of Srilanka?
Answer:
The capital of Srilanka is Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte.

Question 53.
What is the main language of Srilanka?
Answer:
The main language of Srilanka is Sinhalese.

Question 54.
What are the agricultural crops of Srilanka?
Answer:
Rice, tea, sugarcane, maize, oilseed, coconut, spices, pepper.

Question 55.
What is the main cash crops of Srilanka?
Answer:
Coconut is the main cash crops. Besides this oilseed, cotton, cinchona are the other cash crops.

Question 56.
In which crops Srilanka is the leading producer?
Answer:
Srilanka occupies a famous position for producing and exporting tea.

Question 57.
What are the spices produced in Srilanka?
Answer:
Cinamon, pepper, clove.

Question 58.
What is Srilanka called?
Answer:
Srilanka is called as ‘Cinamen Island’.

Question 59.
What are the main industries of Srilanka?
Answer:
Tea, paper, garment industry.

Question 60.
What are the main minerals of Srilanka?
Answer:
Graphite.

Question 61.
What are the pricious stones found in Srilanka?
Answer:
Sapphire, Ruby, cat’s eye.

Question 62.
What does India exports to Srilanka?
Answer:
Sugar, steel, coal, jute product, clothes, medicines etc.

Question 63.
What does India import from Srilanka?
Answer:
Clove, cinnamon, graphite, precious stone, coconut products.

Question 64.
What are the main cities of Srilanka?
Answer:
Colombo, Jaffna, Kandy Ratnapura.

Question 65.
What is the highest peak of Pakistan?
Answer:
The highest peak is Tirich Mir.

Question 66.
What are the main river of Pakistan?
Answer:
Indus is the main river of Pakistan.

Question 67.
What is the capital of Pikistan?
Answer:
The capital of Pikistan is Islamabad.

Question 68.
What is the main language of Pakistan?
Answer:
The main language of Pakistan is Urdu.

Question 69.
What are the agricultural crops of Pakistan?
Answer:
Rice, wheat. maize, oilseeds. cotton, pulses.

Question 70.
Through what irrigation is practised in Pakistan?
Answer:
Irrigation is practised through canals in Pakistan.

Question 71.
What is carriage system?
Answer:
In dry part water is taken through tunnel under soil for cultivation. This is called carriage system.

Question 72.
What are the main fool crops of Pakistan?
Answer:
Wheat, rice, jowar.

Question 73.
Which fruits is found in Pakistan?
Answer:
Apple, peach, pomegranate, date etc.

Question 74.
What are the main industries of Pakistan?
Answer:
Cement, sugar, garments, leather, fur and far based garments.

Question 75.
What does India export to Pakistan?
Answer:
Steel, coal, iron ore, tea, medicines, machinary.

Question 76.
What does India import from Pakistan?
Answer:
High quality cotton, dry fruit, carpet, leather.

Question 77.
What is the height of the highest peak of Pakistan?
Answer:
7708 m.(Tirich Mir)

Question 78.
What are the main citics of Pakistan?
Answer:
Karachi. Lahore, Peshwar.

Question 79.
What is the height of the highest peak of Srilanka?
Answer:
2527 m. (Pidurutalagala)

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
Write a short note on Nepal.
Answer:
The heighest peak of Nepal is Mount Everest (8.848 m) and the main river is Kali Gandak. The capital of Nepal is Kathmandu and the state language is Nepali. The main agricultural crops are rice, wheat, jute, maize, jowar, sugareane etc. The inajor industries are paper jute, cotton textile, sugar, leather etc. 10 highest peaks of the world are situated at Nepal. Nepal has a great attraction for the mountaineers. The main cities of Nepal are Kathmandu, Nagrakot, Pokhra, Lumbini, Annapurna etc.

Question 2.
Write a short note on Bhutan.
Answer:
The highest peak of Bhutan is Kula Kangri (7538 m). The main river is Manas and the capital is Thimpu. The state language is Dzongkha. The main agricultural crops of Bhutan are wheat, barley, maize, apple, cardemom, orange etc. The main industries are cement, jam-jelly, drink processing. Main cities are phuntsholing, paro, Punakha. The exported goods of Bhutan are jute, pulses, leather, oilseed and imported goods are parts of automobiles, car, fertilizer, petro chemical etc. Bhutan is famous for manufacturing, jam, jelly etc.

Question 3.
Write a short note on Bangladesh.
Answer:
The highest peak of Bangladesh is Keokradong (986 m). The main river is Meghna. The capital of Bangladesh is Dhaka and the state language is Bengali. Main argicultural crops are rice, jute, maize, wheat, tea, sugarcane, jowar, cotton etc. The principal industries are jute, paper, sugar, garments, cement, handloom (tant), pottery etc. The cottage industry of Bengladesh is World famous tant at Tangail, maslin at Dhaka. The major cities are Chittogang, Srihatta, Khulna etc. Bangladesh exports Hilsa fish, areca nut, raw jute, tobacco, leather, natural gas to India and imports automobile, building materials, machineries. minerais etc. Heavy industry could not flowrished due to lack of mineral and power resources.

Question 4.
Write a short note on Mayanmar.
Answer:
The highest peak of Mayanmar is Kakabo Razi (5581 m). The main river of Mayanmar is Irrawaddy. The capital of Mayanmar is Naypyidaw and the state language is Burmese. The major agricultural crops are rice, maize, jowar, millet, tobacco, oil seeds etc. The industries that developed here are sugar, jute, silk etc. Main cities of Mayanmar are Yangon, Mandalay, Mawlamyine etc. Different types of vegetation found here. Evergreen forest like Garjan, Choplah. Mehogony, deciduous forest like Arjun, Sal, teak and undulating grassland are found here. Mayanmar imports steel, coal, jute products, cotton garments from India and exports valuable stone, teak, sal, silver, tin, tungsten to India.

Question 5.
Write a short note on Srilanka.
Answer:
The highest peak of Srilanka is Pidurutalagala (2527 m). The main river of Srilanka is Mahawali Ganga. The capital of Srilanka Jayawardenapura Kolte and the state language is Sinhalese. The main agricultural crops of Srilanka are rice, tea, sugarcane, maize, oilseed, coconut, spice etc. Main industries are paper and garments. Srilanka is the leading producer of graphite. Besides sapphire. Ruby, cat`s eye etc. are found in Srilanka. Srilanka imports sugar, steel. coal, juté produces, clothes,medicine from India and exports spices. leather, valuable stones to India. The major cities of Srilanka are Colombo, Jaffna, Kandy, Ratnapura etc.

Question 6.
Write a short note on Pakistan.
Answer:
The highest peak of Pakistan is Tirch Mir (7708 m). The main river is Indus. The capital of Pakistan is Islamabad and the state language is Urdu. The agricultural erops of pakistan are rice, wheat, maize, oilseeds, cotton, pulses etc. The main industries of Pakistan are cement, sugar, garments, leather, fur and fur based garments. The major cities of Pakistan are Karachi, Lahore, Peshwar etc. Pakistan imports steel, coal, iron ore, tea, medicines, machineries etc. from India and exports cotton, dry fruits, carpet, leather to India.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 7 Human Activities and Environmental Degradation offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 Geography Chapter 7 Question Answer – Human Activities and Environmental Degradation

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
In eighteenth century the industrial revolution occured first in-
i) Italy
ii) England
iii) Germany, India
Answer:
ii) England.

Question 2.
Two world wars occured in-
i) eighteenth century
ii) nineteenth century
iii) twentieth century
Answer:
iii) twentieth century

Question 3.
When ground water is polluted by arsenic, it is called-
i) environmental pollution
ii) environmental degradation
iii) damage of environment
Answer:
ii) environmental degradation.

Question 4.
Decreasing of Biodiversity is-
i) environmental pollution ,
ii) environmental degradation ,
iii) environmental destruction
Answer:
environmental degradation.

Question 5.
Devastating cyclone occured at-
i) Digha
ii) Puri
iii) Vishakhapatnan
iv) Gopalpur
Answer:
iv) Gopalpur.

Question 6.
Gopalpur is situated in-
i) Andhra Pradesh
ii) Orissa
iii) Kerala
iv) West Bengal
Answer:
ii) Orissa.

Question 7.
Earthquake occured at Koyna in Maharashtra in-
i) 1967
ii) 1964
iii) 1965
iv) 1960
Answer:
i) 1967

Question 8.
Bhopal Gas Tragedy occured in-
i) 1982
ii) 1984
iii) 1986
iv) 1980
Answer:
ii) 1984.

Question 9.
Number of people died in Bhopal Gas Tragedy-
i) 1000
ii) 8000
iii) 2000
iv) 4000
Answer:
4000

Question 10.
Number of people injured in Bhopal Gas Tragedy
i) 1 lakh
ii) 5 lakhs
iii) 2 lakhs
iv) 3 lakhs
Answer:
iii) 2 lakhs

Question 11.
The mishap at Chernobyl, Ukraine occured
i) 1986
ii) 1985
iii) 1984
iv) 1982
Answer:
i) 1986

Question 12.
The mishap of Fukusima in Japan occured-
i) 2009
ii) 2010
iii) 2011
iv) 2008
Answer:
iii) 2011

Question 13.
Earth Summit was held in-
i) Brazil
ii) Sri Lanka
iii) Bangladesh
iv) India
Answer:
i) Brazil

Question 14.
Number of countries attend in the Earth Summit-
i) 176
ii) 177
iii) 170
iv) 178
Answer:
iv) 178

Question 15.
Number of people attend in the Earth Summ
i) 30,000
ii) 40,000
iii) 20,000
iv) 10,000
Answer:
i) 30,000

Question 16.
Chipko Movement occured in-
i) 1972
ii) 1973
iii) 1971
iv) 1974
Answer:
ii) 1973

Question 17.
‘Chipko Movement’ started in-
i) Garhwal
ii) Himachal
iii) Salboni
Answer:
i) Garhwal

Question 18.
In environmental degradation India has ranked-
i) 120
ii) 122
iii) 123
iv) 126
Answer:
iv) 126

Question 19.
According to the report of World Bank every year environmental degradation cost India about-
i) Rs. 4,80,000 crores
ii) 4,00,000 crores
iii) 4,40,000 crores
Answer:
i) Rs. 4,80,000 crores

Question 20.
In G-20 nations the number of most polluted cities are-
i) 20
ii) 13
iii) 25
iv) 30
Answer:
i) 20

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. In eighteenth century industrialisation occured in ______.
2. The decline of quality of entire environment features is environmental ______.
3. ______ refers to pollution of various components of environment by natural or manmade activities.
4. ______ and ______ is environmental degradation.
5. Ground water polluted by Arsenic is ______.
6. Phailin is a divastated ______.
7. Phailin occured at ______.
8. Increasing of agricultural production is a modern ______.
9. Provide human habitat and modern living standard is ______.
10. The object of thermal power station is to ______.
11. Burning of fossil fuel means adding ______ in the air.
12. The wastes of thermal power station decrease the ______ of land.
13. Earthquake happened at ______ in Maharashtra.
14. Earthquake at Koyna happened in ______.
15. Bhopal gas tragedy happened in ______.
16. ______ people died in Bhopal gas tragedy.
17. The mishap at Chernobyl in Ukraine occured in ______.
18. The mishap at Fukusima in Japan occured in ______.
19. The environmental degradation’s harmful effect cost India about ______.
20. India ranks ______ in case of environmental degradation.
21. ‘Chipko Movement’ started in ______.
22. Among G-20 nations the number of most polluted cities India are 13 among ______.
23. Chipko Movement was held at ______.
24. Excessive use of high yielding seeds speed up vital ______ defects.
25. The report on cnvironmental degradation was conducted by ______.
Answer:
1.Europe
2. degradation
3. Pollution
4. Flood, drought
5. environmental fegradation
6. cyclone
7. Gopalpur
8. agricultural method
9. urbanisation
10. increase production
11. carbon dioxide
12. fertility
13. Koyna
14. 1967
15. 1984
16. 4000
17. 1986
18. 2011,
19. 80 billion dollar
20. 126th
21. 1973
22. 20
23. Garhwal region in Uttarakhand
24. genetic
25. World Bank.

State whetherTrue or False : (1 mark for each question)

1. Man must allow all animals and plants to grow in their natural habitats.
2. Chipko movement was a violent movement.
3. The success of green revolution is mostly seen in West Bengal.
4. Unscientific methods of cultivation reduce soil fertility.
5. In Bhoopal there was a pesticide plant of Union Carbide.
6. Man is not responsible for drought, flood etc.
7. Urbanisation deplects the reserve of underground water.
8. Nuclear disaster in Fukushima took place in 2012.
9. Sundarlal Bahuguna was the leader of Chipko Mivement.
10. Medha Patekar is the pioneer of ‘Narmada Banchao’ movement.
Answer:
1. true
2. false
3. false
4. true
5. true
6. false
7. true
8. false
9. true
10. true

Match the following : (1 mark for each question)

Match the column A with column B.

A	B
1) Medha Patekar	a) Fukushima;Japan
2) Sundarlal Bahuguna	b) vulcanism, tsunami
3) About 4000 people died	c) 178 countries attended
4) Nuclear disaster in 2011	d) to hold tightly
5) Natural environmental degradation	e) Bhopal Gas Tragedy
6) Earth summit, 1992	f) Narmada banchao Movement
7) In Hindi Chipko means	g) eighteenth century
8) Industrial revolution in Europe	h) Chipko Movement

Answer:
1. Medha Patekar Narmada baichao Movement.
2. Sundarlal Bahuguna Chipko Movement.
3. About 4000 people died Bhopal Gas Tragedy.
4. Nuclear disaster in 2011 Fukushima, Japan
5. Natural environmental degradation vulcanism, tsunami.
6. Earth summit. 1992178 countries attended
7. In Hindi Chipko means to hold tightly.
8. Industrial revolution in Europe eighteenth century.

Very Short Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
What is Homeostatic mechanism?
Answer:
In natural environment different physical and organic processes function in such a way that if any damage or change occurs to any part of it: the affected area is repaired by nature itself. This is known as Homeostatic.

Question 2.
What is environmental degradation?
Answer:
The decline of quality of entire environmental features is environmental degradation.

Question 3.
What is environmental pollution?
Answer:
Environmental pollution refers to pollution of various components of environment by natural or man made activities.

Question 4.
What is the name of cyclone that occured near Gopalpur?
Answer:
The name of the cyclone is Phailin.

Question 5.
Give an example of natural degradation.
Answer:
Tsunami is such an example.

Question 6.
What is done to increase the agricultural production?
Answer:
To increase the agricultural production insecticide, fertilizer are used.

Question 7.
What are the harmful effects of using insectiside?
Answer:
Soil and water become polluted that cause the death of fish and other aquatic animals.

Question 8.
What are the effects of the development of human settlement?
Answer:
For the development of human settlement, the sound pollution and air pollution occur.

Question 9.
How does the generation of electricity harm our nature?
Answer:
At the time of generating electricity the fossil burnt which increases carbon dioxide in air.

Question 10.
How is the fertility of soil decreased?
Answer:
The waste of thermal power station is accumulated on the nearby land and makes the soil infertile.

Question 11.
When did earthquake occur in Koyna in Maharashtra?
Answer:
In 1967.

Question 12.
How does the irrigation cause earthquake?
Answer:
Large dams creat pressure on the underlying rock and causes earthquake.

Question 13.
How are the common people harined at the time of constructing reservoir?
Answer:
At the time of constructing reservoir common people become refugees.

Question 14.
How does the facilities of developed modern habited bring sufferings in human life?
Answer:
Growing up the big cities around the unplanned old cities create traffic congestion and drainage problem.

Question 15.
How did Bhopal Gas tragedy occur?
Answer:
Deadly MIC gas leaked out from a cracked tank of Union Carbide’s chemical and pesticide factory.

Question 16.
Which gas is responsible for the mishap?
Answer:
Methyl-Iso-Cyanate or MIC.

Question 17.
When did Bhopal gas tragedy occur?
Answer:
It occured in 1984.

Question 18.
How many human and animals had died in this mishap?
Answer:
About 4000 people and innumerous birds and animals died.

Question 19.
How many people were injured?
Answer:
More than 2 lakh people were injured.

Question 20.
Where in Russia an accident occured?
Answer:
The accident occured in Chernobyl, Ukraine.

Question 21.
When did the mishap of Russia occur?
Answer:
In 1988 the mishap occured.

Question 22.
Where in Japan the mishap occured?
Answer:
The mishap occured at Fukusima in Japan.

Question 23.
When did the mishap occured in Japan?
Answer:
The mishap occured in 2011.

Question 24.
When was the Earth summit held?
Answer:
The Earth summit was held in 1992.

Question 25.
Where was the Earth Summit held?
Answer:
The Earth Summit held in Rio-de-Janiro.

Question 26.
How many people attended in Earth Summit?
Answer:
30 thousand people attended in Earth Summit.

Question 27.
How many countries took part in the conference?
Answer:
178 countries took part in the conference.

Question 28.
When was the ‘Chipko Movement’ started?
Answer:
It was started in 1973.

Question 29.
Where did the ‘Chipko Movement’ started?
Answer:
Garhwal region in Uttarakhand.

Question 30.
What does the harmful effect of environmental degradation cost in India?
Answer:
It costs 80 billion dollars.

Question 31.
What is the place of India in case of environmental degradation?
Answer:
India is at 126th place out of 132 countries.

Question 32.
What is WHO?
Answer:
WHO is World Health Organisation.

Question 33.
How many most populated countries are there in the report of WHO?
Answer:
There are 20 countries.

Question 34.
How many polluted cities does India have in G-20 nations?
Answer:
India has 13 most polluted cities.

Question 35.
In which report India’s environmental degradation is told?
Answer:
Recent World Bank report.

Question 36.
Who is the leader of Chipko movement?
Answer:
Sundarlal Bahuguna is the leader of Chipko movement.

Question 37.
Who is the leader of Narmada Banchao movement?
Answer:
Medha Patekar is the leader of Narmada Banchao movement.

Question 38.
What is the result of production of electricity?
Answer:
Burning fossil fuels emits huge quantities of carbon dioxide.

Short Questions & Answers : (2 marks for each question)

Question 1.
What are the effects of modern agricultural method?
Answer:
Different chemical fertilizers, pesticides used to increase agricultural production pollute soil and water. Polluted water flows in to the soil is discharged into ponds, rivers and other water bodies killing aquatic flora and fauna.

Question 2.
What are the effects of urbanisation?
Answer:
Depletes the reserve of underground water. Urbanisation creates air and noise pollution. Aggravates problems of waterlogging. Many big cities of the third world have grown around unplanned old cities. As a result. traffic congestions. drainage and sanitation problems and shortage of housing are acute.

Question 3.
W.hat are the effects power plant?
Answer:
Burning fossil fuels emits huge quantities of carbon dioxide, due to the increase of atmospheric temperature the balance between heat received and radiated by the earth is disrupted. ash and wastes from thermal power stations are dumped in nearby areas, thereby decreasing the fertility of the land.

Question 4.
What are the effects of multipurpose river valley projects?
Answer:
Large dams create great pressure on the underlying rock strata, earthquakes occur at weak points along these strata (Koyna. maharashtra. 1967). Vast stretches are deforested. Catchment areas of rivers are degraded, many people become homeless as the darn-sites are evacuated before construction. Due to excessive sedimentation. agricultural lands are affected.

Question 5.
What is the result of green revolution?
Answer:
The success of green revolution is mostly seen in Punjab and Haryana. But at present negative side effects resulted as environmental degradation. Excessive amount of chemicsl fertilizers and pesticides is damaging local environment as well as animal kingdom. causing increase in soil salinity. Moreover, excessive use of high yielding seeds speed up genetic defects.

Question 6.
Mention present environmental degradation in East Kolkata wetlands.
Answer:
East Kolkata wetlands have been filled and used as construction sites for high-rise buildings. As a result, the groundwater level has fallen. The soil as well as the grounwater is now saline to a great extent. Felling of trees and acquisition cultivable land for construction of buildings have disturbed the ecological balance. Moreover, dumping of garbage has contaminated water. soil and air.

Question 7.
What is Chipko movement?
Answer:
It is a movement to save forest. In 1973. the people of Garhwal region started a non-
violent movement to save forests. They embraced the trees and saved them from being felled whenever the lumbering contractors came to fell those. “Chipko” in Hindi means to stick to or hold tightly on to something. Sundarlal Bahuguna is a leader of Chipko Movement.

Question 8.
Mention present environmental degradation in India.
Answer:
India is a rapidly developing nation. Industrialization, urbanization. construction of roadways. extraction of resources in different forms and execution and implementation of various projects are being carried out in different parts of India. Along with these developments, environmental degradation and occurrence of hazards are grdually rising.

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
Write the causes of environmental degradation.
Answer:
Environments degradation occurs in two ways :-
i) Natural : For the influence of storm, earthquake, volcanism, Tsunami, lanslide etc. the natural environment clranges, At the same time environmental degradation takes place.

ii) Manmade: Modern agricultural methods, industry, transport, different development activities disturbing environments natural cycle. Unscientific agriculture, industrial waste, unplanned urbanisation bariers in natural course of river chanel and consruction of dams, deforestation cause different problems and degradation in nature.

Question 2.
What are the causes of environmental degradation in our country? How can it be controlled?
Answer:
Environmental degradation in our country happens for many causes. Environmental degradation is caused at every time for the activities of man. For the cutting of the trees drought prevails, or flood occurs. On the other hand natural resources are destroyed resulting global warming climate has been change: Thus environmental degradation is continuing regularly. Besides water pollution causes water crysis. Man has set up the factories for our need and also polluted the air at the same times.

The chemical accidents that occur in those factories, creats economical problems for man. The balance between the demand and suppiy is destroyed. Man should immediately stop the falling of trees. He should take step so that the smoke of factories can not pollute the air. He should be careful so that the throwing waste in the water could not pollute the water or waste mater.

Question 3.
What steps can be taken for saving environment?
Answer:
Some steps need to be taken for saving environment are –
1. One of the main reason for environmental degradation is illiteracy and poverty.
2. Eco-friendly energy must be used more.
3. Resources should be recycled.
5. Environmental impact must be analysed before inplementation of any governmental proposal.
6.Vigilance must be kept so that bio-diversity is not lost.
7. Above all, concerned authorities of the country must give importance to environmental issues.

Question 4.
Development must be carried out and environment must be saved. But how?
Answer:
Development must be carried out and environment must also be saved.
Human civilization cannot move backward. We need development, we need use of modern technology in agriculture, we need development in industry, urbanisation but we must not destroy the environment. We should protect our forests and we should protect our water resources. Many environmental movement were organised in India.

According to recent world Bank report conducted on environmental degradations harmful effect cost India about 80 billion dollar. According to WHO report on most polluted twenty cities in G-20 nations India has 13 most polluted cities. A survey report conducted on environmental degradation in 132 countries India at 126 spot. Therefore, India occupies a special place in case of environmental degradation. At present many environmental movements have been organised like ‘Chipko Movement’, ‘Narmada Banchao’ movement etc. These type of movements can save our country from danger in future.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 6 Climatic Regions offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 Geography Chapter 6 Question Answer – Climatic Regions

Textbook Page no. 60.

See some characteristics of the Meditrranean clifinate is just opposite to Monsoon climate of our ountry. Cimpare the climate of two tyges.
Monsoon climate
1. Influenced by Monsoon wind
2. Summer hot and humid
3. Winter dry and cool
4. Rain fall occur due to wet Monsoon wiad
5. Monsoon wind blows seasonally.

Mediterranean Climate

1. Influenced by Trade wind.
2. Summer hot and cloudless.
3. Winter wet and ful of moisture.
4. Rainfall occur due to wet westerlies wind.
5. Seasonally Trade and Westerlies blows.

Textbook Page no. 64.

Question 1.
Write your own explanation ………………….. specific climatic regions.
Answer:
cause-effect relationship of physical and scio-economic environment.
Equatorial Climatic Region :
Heavy rainfall occurs through out the year for excessive temperature. For this reason evergreen forest has grown here. The inhabitants practise shifting cultivation. They also earn money through some industries, they are not so economically developed.

Monsoon climatic Reģion :
Four types of climates found here. Heavy rainfall occurs due to monsoon wind. Deciduous and cactus typed plants are grown here. Besides lion and tiger clephant, Rhino, wolf, bear are common animals of this region. The region is industrially developed for agriculture, densely populated and economically developed.

Mediterranean Climatic Region :
Almost 16 countries belong to this climatic region. For the temperature climate evergreen and deciduous plants grow here. This region is developed in agriculture, fruit based industry and export business. Film industry has been flourished. Economically prosperous region.

Tundra Climatic Region :
Extremely cold climate through out the year. The ice melts in summer. Short cool summer. Long cold winter. Mass, lichens grow. Rarely populated region. The main livelihood is hunting. Besides, exporting importing are other occupation. Presently, the region is gradually developing.
In your opinion, which climate. opinion and cite reasons.
Effect of Climate
Reason for development
Namc of the climatic region
In Miditerranean climatic region for the influence of modrate climate the summer is dry and the winter is wet. Snowfall is rare.

Reason for Backword
Name of the climatic region
In equatorial region hot summer is experienced through out the year and annual temperatures is less. Rainfall abundant.

Other reason
Economically developed. Agriculture and fruit based industries are the main livelihood of the people.
Unhealthy climate, dense forest, poisonous insects, malaria. black fever etc. are the hindrance of the development.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 6 Question Answer West Bengal Board – Climatic Regions

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
In equatorial region the-
i) days one longer nights are shorter
ii) days are shorter nights are longer
iii) days and nights are almost equal
Answer:
iii) days and nights are almost equal

Question 2.
In equateral region nights are called –
i) Tropical summer
ii) Tropical winter
iii) Tropical autumn
Answer:
ii) Torpical winter.

Question 3.
In equaterial region in a year number of rainy days are-
i) 100-200
ii) 200-400
iii) 250-300
iv) 200-300
it Answer: 250-300

Question 4.
In equaterical region grows-
i) Brazil nut
ii) wal nut
iii) ground nut
Answer:
i) Brazil nut.

Question 5.
Brazilian rainforests in 2 sq K m can have up to-
i) 100 species of trees
ii) 200 species of trees
iii) 300 species of trees
iv) 400 species of trees
Answer:
iii) 300 species of trees

Question 6.
The inhabitants of Amazon basin are-
i) Pygmies
ii) Senuangs
iii) Red Indians
Answer:
iii) Red Indians.

Question 7.
The inhabitants of South-East Asia are-
i) Semangs
ii) Pigmies
iii) Red Indians
Answer:
i) Semangs.

Question 8.
In monsoon climatic region belongs to-
i) Amazon Basin
ii) Queensland
iii) Syria
iv) Libya
Answer:
ii) Queensland.

Question 9.
The average rainfall in monsoon climetic region is-
i) 100-200 cm
ii) 300-400 cm
iii) 150-250 cm
iv) 200-300 cm
Answer:
iv) 200-300 cm.

Question 10.
In monsoon climetic region which forest is foand-
i) mangrove forest
ii) grassland
iii) coniferous
Answer:
i) mangrove forest

Question 11.
At the coastal areas in monsoon climetic region the animal is found-
i) whale
ii) sherk
iii) Crocodile
Answer:
iii) Crocodile.

Question 12.
The main industry of monsoon region is-
i) iron and steel
ii) silk
iii) jute
iv) paper
Answer:
i) iron and steel

Question 13.
The influence of Mediterrancan climate is found in-
i) 10 countries
ii) 14 countries
iii) 15 countries
iv) 16 countries
Answer:
iv) 16 countries

Question 14.
The average rainfall in Mediterranean climetic region is –
i) 25-150 cm
ii) 100-200 cm
iii) 200-300 cm
Answer:
i) 25-150 cm.

Question 15.
The other name of Mediterranean climetic region is-
i) country of summer rainfall
ii) country of winter rainfall
iii) country of autumn rainfall
Answer:
ii) country of winter rainfall

Question 16.
The most famous fruit of Mediterranean climatic region is
i) olive
ii) mango
iii) orange
iv) straberry
Answer:
i) olive.

Question 17.
The most common cattle of Mediterranean climatic region is-
i) cow
ii) deer
iii) camel
iv) horse
Answer:
iii) camel.

Question 18.
The major industry of Mediterranean region is-
i) jute
ii) silk
iii) handloom
iv) iron
Answer:
ii) silk.

Question 19.
Italy in Mediterranean region is famous for-
i) iron
ii) mineral oil
iii) marble
iv) gold
Answer:
iii) marble.

Question 20.
Olive oil is obtained from-
i) olive
ii) grapes
iii) apple
iv) cherry
Answer:
i) olive.

Question 21.
The best film industry is developed in-
i) Rome
ii) Egypt
iii) Paris
iv) California
Answer:
iv) California.

Question 22.
Tundra region is named after-
i) Tundra tree
ii) Tundra bird
iii) one type of algae
Answer:
iii) one type of algae

Question 23.
Tundra climate is found in a very small part of-
i) northern part of Eurasia
ii) southerm part of Eurasia
iii) middle of Eurasia
Answer:
i) northern part of Eurasia

Question 24.
Virkhayansk is located at-
i) northern hemisphere
ii) equatorial region
iii) southern hemisphere
Answer:
i) Northern hemisphere.

Question 25.
In the land mass of Tundra region is found-
i) camel
ii) tiger
iii) horse
iv) sledge dog
Answer:
iv) sledge dog

Question 26.
In coastal region of Tundra region the animals found-
i) seal-whale-walrus
ii) seal-whale-crocodile
iii) seal-whale-starfish are found
Answer:
i) seai-whale-walrus

Question 27.
The inhabitants of the Northern part of Alaska is-4
i) Eskimos
ii) Fin
iii) Lapps
Answer:
i) Eskimos.

Question 28.
The inhabitants of Syberia in Eurasia is-
i) Samoyeds
ii) Eskimos
iii) Red Indians
iv) Lapps
Answer:
i) Satmoyeds.

Question 29.
In Tundra region animal is found-
i) wolf ,
ii) Polar beer
iii) Lion
iv) Tiger
Answer:
ii) Polar beer.

Question 30.
The food of the inhabitants of polar region-
i) milk and biscuits
ii) milk and strawberry
iii) milk and berry
Answer:
iii) milk and berry

Question 31.
The one of the major experting goods of Tundra region is-
i) tea
ii) tobaceo
iii) meat
iv) fleece
Answer:
iv) fleece

Question 32.
As the means of transportation in water the inhabitants of Tundra region use-
i) bajra
ii) launch
iii) kayak
Answer:
iii) kayak

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for cach question)

1. Africa’s ______ river basin belongs to equatorial region.
2. Middle America’s Panama, ______ parts of climetic regien. islands experience equatorial
3. Through out the year worm summer exists resulting annual temperature range of only _______.
4. In equaterial region heavy ______ rainfall occurs.
5 . In the evening 3 or 4 pm the _______ louds cover the sky.
6. Equatorial climatic zone is influenced by ________ zone.
7. The tropical forest in Brasil’s Amazon river basin is called _______.
8. _____ tree is mostly found in equatorial climatic region.
9. ______ lives in the zaireh basin of equatorial region.
10. Pygmies, Red IndiAnswer:Semangs are gathering and ______ tribes.
11. Main plantation crops in equatorial clinatic region are cocoa, banana ______.
12. In equatorial region rubbar is produced in _____, Java – of Sourth-East Asia.
13. Cocoa and palm are cultivated in ______.
14. Sugarcane and ______ are cultivates in West Indies.
15. Mineral oil and are found abundantly in Sumantra, Java and
16. The Arbian word ‘Mousim’ means ______.
17. In Asia besides India monsoon climate is found in ______, _______
18. Due to ______ snowfall occurs in North-West India and some part of _____.
19. South-West monsson wind from Arabian sea and _____ causes heavy rainfall in Indian subcontinent.
20. For whimsical nature of _______ flood and droughts occur annualy.
21. Formation of depression in the Bay of Bengal causes ______ and _____.
22. In the monsoon climate dense _______ forests are found.
23. The places where the annual rainfall is more than 200 cm the forest like____ sishu garjan are grown in even dry season.
24. The places where the rainfall is 100-200 cm the forest of sal, teak, sisam ____, – mango, jackfruit are found.
25. ______ of Gir forest in Gujarat and of Sundarban is famous.
26. The landform of monsoon climate region is _______.
27. The Mediterrancan climatic region is found in – of North America.
28. ______ Libya, Algeria. Tunisia of Africa are influenced by Mediterranean climate.
29. Mediterranean climatic region is called as –
30. During summer high pressure belt is situated in the ______ region.
31. ______ is one of the main trees of Mediterranean region.
32. The main crop of Mediterranean region is _______.
34. Mediterranean region is called _______.
35. _______ and _______ are found in Italy of Mediterranean region.
36. _______ is found in Spain.
37. _______ from grapes is manufactured in France.
38. _______ of California is famous for film industry.
39. _______ of Portugal is one of a main port.
40. _______ of Australia is a fomous port.
41. _______ of America belong to Tundra region.
42. Some part of _______ in Southern hemisphere belongs to Tundra climatic region.
43. In Tundra climatic region rainfall is _____.
44. _____ and ______ flower bloom in Tundra region.
45. The people of Tundra region live in house made of ice or ______.
46. The people of Tundra region cultivate by using latest technology by ______.
47. _____ and _____ are the common phenomena of Tundra region.
48. In the northern Norway at _______ port sun remains visible at midnight.
Answer:
1. Congo
2. Coastarica, Caribbean
3. 2°C
4. Conventional
5. Cumulo-bumboo
6. Inter Tropical convergence
7. Enohona
8. Sinchona
9. Pygmies
10. hunting
11. palm
12. Malay Sumatra
13. Guinea Coast
14. Banana
15. Natural gas. Borneo
16. Season
17. Vietnam, Taiwan
18. Westerlies, Pakistan
19. Bay of Bengal
20. monsoon,
21. Thunder storm, rainfall
22. Evergreen
23. Mehogony,
24. palash, sirish, mahua
25. Lion, tiger
26. plain.
27. California
28. Egypt, Morocco
29. Country of winter rainfall
30. Mediterranean
31. Olive
32. Wheat
33. Silk
34. Basket of fruits
35. Marble and sulphur
36. Iron
37. Wine
38. Holywood
39. Lisbon
40. Adelaide
41. Canada
42. Antarctica
43. 20-30 cm.
44. Mass, Lichen
45. Igloo
46. greenhouse
47. Snowfall, snowdust
48. Hammerfest

State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)

1. Throughout the year intence heat and heavy rainfall occur near equator.
2. In Equatorial climatic region days and nights are almost equal throughout the year.
3. Palm, cocoa and cinchona are main trees in the Selva.
4. Rubber is the main plantation crop in Malay.
5. Somalia and Madagascar are not influenced by monsoon climate.
6. North-East monsoon wind does not cause rainfall all over India.
7. Monsoon climatic region is world famous for rice cultivation.
8. Most of the roads are rough in monsoon climatic region.
9. Mild temperate climate throughout the year is the main characteristics of mediterrancan region.
10. Olive trees are seen in maximum number in mediterranean region.
11. Rome and Naoles in France are the main industrial centres.
12. Monsoon wind flows regularly throughout the year.
13. In Tundra region winters are long and severe.
14. After two months of spring summer comes in Tundra region.
15. The tundra is sparsely populated duc to adverse climate.
16. In coastal region of Tundra seal, whale, walrus are found.
17. There are 100-150 rainy days in a year in equatorial climatic region.
18. The Amazon basin was cosnected to the rest of the world by the TransAmazon Highway in 1970.
19. Monsoon climatic region is thickly populated region of the world.
20. In temperate climate region maize is the main crop.
21. Temperate climate region is rich in mineral resources.
22. Round shaped house Igloo is made of ice.
Answer:
1. true
2. true
3. false
4. true
5. false
6. true
7. true
8. false
9. true
10. true
11. false
12. false
13. true
14. false
15. true
16. true
17. false
18. true
19. true
20. false
21. false
22. true

Match the following : (1 mark for each question)

Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) Samoyeds live	i) are evergreen trees
b) Inhabitants of Tundra climatic region	ii) is called Busket of fruits
c) Snowfall and snowstorm are common	iii) $10^{\circ}$ to $30^{\circ}$ latitudes in both hemisphere
d) Eucalyptus and rosewood	iv) trees in Congo
e) Temperate climate region	v) is thickly populated
f) Cold summer, wet winter are main	vi) in Eurasia
g) Monsoon climate region	vii) import tea, coffee, tobaceo
h) Monsoon climate is found from	viii) in Equatorial climatic region
i) Cocoa and cinchona are dominant	ix) in Tundra climatic region
j) The humidity always remains high	x) characteristies of temperate climate

Answer:
a) Samoyeds live in Eurasia.
b) Inhabitants of Tundra climatic region import tea, coffee,”tobacco.
c) Snowfall and snowstorm are common in Tundra climatic region.
d) Eucalyptus and rosewood are evergreen trees.
e) Temperate climate region is called Busket of fruits.
f) Cold summer, wet winter are main characteristics of temperate climate.
g) Monsoon climate region is thickly populated.
h) Monsoon climate is found from 10° to 30° latitudes in both hemisphere.
i) Cocoa and cinchona are dominant trees in Congo.
j) The humidity always remains high in Equatorial climatic region.

Very Short Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
Which region is located as equatorial region?
Answer:
The region between 5°-10° north and south latitude is located as equatorial region.

Question 2.
Which part of India belong to equatorial region?
Answer:
The south west part of India belong to equatorial region.

Question 3.
Which part of South America belong to equatorial region?
Answer:
The amazon river basin of South America belong to equatorial region.

Question 4.
Which part of Middle America belong to equatorial region?
Answer:
Middle american’s Panama. Coasterica, part of Caribbean Islands.

Question 5.
What is known as the night of the equatorial region?
Answer:
It is known as “winters of the tropies”.

Question 6.
What is known the equatorial forest?
Answer:
Equatorial forest is known as Evergreen forest.

Question 7.
Which type of rainfall occurs in equatorial region?
Answer:
Convectional rainfall.

Question 8.
What is known as the tropical forest of Brazil?
Answer:
Selva.

Question 9.
How many species of trees found in the rain-forest of Brazil in 2 sq Km area?
Answer:
300 species of trees in 2 sq Km area in Brazilian rainforest.

Question 10.
Name the inhabitant of Zaire basin.
Answer:
Pigmies live in Zaire Basin.

Question 11.
Which type of inhabitants found in upper Amazon basin?
Answer:
Red Indians.

Question 12.
Which type of people found in South-East Asia?
Answer:
Semangs are found in South-East Asia.

Question 13.
Which type of agriculture is followed in equatorial region?
Answer:
Shifting agriculture is followed in equatorial region.

Question 14.
What are cultivated in Gunea Coast of Africa?
Answer:
Cocoa and palm are cultivated in Gunea Coast of Africa.

Question 15.
When was Trans-Amazon highway constructed?
Answer:
Trans-Amazon highway was constructed in 1970.

Question 16.
What are the causes of the hinderace of economical development in equatorial region?
Answer:
Unhealthy environment, dense forest, poisonous insect, maleria etc.

Question 17.
What is the meaning of the word ‘monsoon’?
Answer:
The word monsoon means season.

Question 18.
Which region of East Africa belong to monsoon climetic region?
Answer:
Somalia, Madagascar of East Africa.

Question 19.
How many types of season found in monsoon climatic region?
Answer:
4 types of season are found in monsoon climatic region.

Question 20.
Which part of Australia experience ‘monsoon’ climate?
Answer:
Queensland Province of Australia.

Question 21.
Which countries of Asia belong to monsoon climatic region?
Answer:
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Srilanka, Myanmar. Thailand, Vietnam, Kamptichlia, South Chitha, Philippines etc.

Question 22.
What is the average temperature of monsoon climatic region?
Answer:
The average temperature is 25° C.

Question 23.
What is the annual rainfall of monsoon climatic region?
Answer:
Annual rainfall is 200-300 cm.

Question 24.
What is the annual rainfall of Mawsynran?
Answer:
Annual rainfall is nifore than m0re than 1200 cm.

Question 25.
Which type of vegetation found in Monsoon climatic region?
Answer:
Dense evergreen forest is found.

Question 26.
Where is the evergreen forest found in monsoon climatic region?
Answer:
Evergreen forest is found the places where the annual rainfall is 200 cm.

Question 27.
Where is mangrove forest is found in monsoon climatic region?
Answer:
The mangrove forest is found in Coastal area of monsoon climatic region.

Question 28.
Name the animals of monsoon climatic region.
Answer:
The animals are elephant, rhinocerous, cheeta, deer, wolf, monkey, fox etc.

Question 29.
Name the minerals of monsoon climatic region.
Answer:
The minerals, like coal, iron, copper, man anese, bauxite, mineral oil are found in monsoon climatic region.

Question 30.
Name the crops of monsoon climatic region.
Answer:
The main crops are rice, jute, wheat, sugarcane, cotton, oil seed, tea, coffee etc.

Question 31.
Name the fruits of monsoon climatic region.
Answer:
Fruits are mango, cherry, jackfruit, bannana, pineapple etc.

Question 32.
Name the minerals of equatorial region.
Answer:
The minerals are tin in malaya, mineral oil and natural gas in Sumarta, java and bornio.

Question 33.
What are the main industry of monsoon climatic region?
Answer:
Jute industry, cotton textile industry, tea industry etc.

Question 34.
How is the communication system in monsoon climatic region.
Answer:
The communication system is very good. The railway, roadway and airway is highly developed.

Question 35.
What are the main cities of monsoon climatic region.
Answer:
Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Sanghai, Dhaka, Yangoon, Bangkok etc.

Question 36.
Name a country of South America in mediterranean climatic region.
Answer:
Chilli of South America is in mediterranean climatic region

Question 37.
Name some Europian countries lie in Mediterranean climatic region.
Answer:
France, Italy, Spain, Greece, Portugal, Albenia, Yagoslava.

Question 38.
Name some Asian countries lie in Mediterrancan climetic region.
Answer:
Turkey, Israel, Syria, lebanon.

Question 39.
Name some African countries lie in Mediterranean climatic region.
Answer:
Egypt, Morocco, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia etc.

Question 40.
Name some countries of the world where Mediterranean climate is found.
Answer:
California of North America, Chile of South America, Cape Town of South Africa,
South West and South-Eastern part of Australia.

Question 41.
What are the main features of Meditiranean climate?
Answer:
Mild temperature through out the year, dry summer and wet winter.

Question 42.
What is the other name of Mediterranean climatic region?
Answer:
The other name is ‘country of winter rainfall’.

Question 43.
What are the natural vegetation of Mediterranean climatic region?
Answer:
Evergreen forest with thick leaves and hard stem.

Question 44.
Name some type of vegetation found in Meditirranean climatic region.
Answer:
Coneferous vegetation, Evergreen vegetation and shurb type vegetation.

Question 45.
Name some coniferous trees of Mediterranean climatic region.
Answer:
Pine, Fir, Cedar.

Question 46.
Name some evergreen trees of Mediterennean climatic region.
Answer:
Oak, Cork, Eucalyptus, Rosewood.

Question 47.
What are the shrub type vegetation of Mediterranean climatic region?
Answer:
Maple, Laurel, Rasemery, Lavender.

Question 48.
Name one of the main trees of Mediterranean climatic region.
Answer:
Olive.

Question 49.
Name some animals of Mediterranean climatic region.
Answer:
Donkey, Sheep, Goat, Mule.

Question 50.
Name some crops of Mediterranean climatic region.
Answer:
Maize, barley, rice, cotton, tobacco.

Question 51.
What fruits are found in Mediterranean climatic region?
Answer:
Grapes, olive, pear, apple, orange, walnut, pianult, pulm, fig etc.

Question 52.
What is the Mediterranean climatic region called for the production of fruits?
Answer:
It is called as ‘Basket of fruits’.

Question 53.
Name the minerals of Mediterranean climatic region.
Answer:
Mineral oil in California, Bankette in France, Marble in Italy, Iran \& Spain.

Question 54.
What are the different occupation of the people of Mediterranean climatic region?
Answer:
Agriculture, orchard forming and archard based,industry, trade and commerce.

Question 55.
What are the different industry of Mediterranean climatic region?
Answer:
Wine making in Italy and France and processing from olives, processing fruit products.

Question 56.
Name a special industry of Mediterranean climatic region.
Answer:
A special industry is famous film industry ‘Hollywood’ in California.

Question 57.
Name some main cities of Mediterranean climatic region.
Answer:
Los Angeles, San Francisco in California, Rome and Naples in Italy, Cape Town in south Africa, Adelaide in Australia, Lisbon in Portugal.

Question 58.
Why is Tundra region named as Tundra?
Answer:
From the name of an algae this region is named as Tundra.

Question 59.
Which countries in Europe belong to Tundra region?
Answer:
Norway, Sweeden, Finland, Narrow coast of Greenland.

Question 60.
Which countries in Asia belong to Tundra region?
Answer:
Siberia in Asia.

Question 61.
What are the climatic features of Tundra climatic region?
Answer:
Short cool summer and long severe cold winter.

Question 62.
What is the coldest place of Northern hemisphere?
Answer:
Verkhoyansk in Siberia.

Question 63.
Which place is called the ‘Land of Midnight Sun’?
Answer:
Hammerfest port in Norway.

Question 64.
What is the average temperature of Tundra region?
Answer:
Average temperature is 10° C.

Question 65.
Which type of vegetation grow in Tundra climatic region?
Answer:
Mosses, shrub type of Birch, Juniper, Alder grow here.

Question 66.
Which type of vegetation grows in the wetland of Tundra?
Answer:
Mosses, dichens, different types of colourful flowers bloom in the wetland of Tundra.

Question 67.
What animals are found in the landmass of Tundra region?
Answer:
Sledge dog, arctic fox, polar deer, caribou are found in Tundra regicn.

Question 68.
What are the animals found in the coastal region of Tundra region?
Answer:
Seal, whale, walrus and different types of fishes.

Question 69.
Name the inhabitants of Tundra region.
Answer:
Eskimos, Red Indians, Samoyeds, Yakut, Lapps etc.

Question 70.
Name the inhabitants of greenland.
Answer:
Eskimos, Red Indians.

Question 71.
Name the inhabitants of Siberia in Eurasea.
Answer:
Somoyeds, Yakuts.

Question 72.
Name the inhabitants of Finland.
Answer:
Fin.

Question 73.
What type of people live in Tundra region?
Answer:
Normodic type.

Question 74.
In which type of house the people of Tundra region live in winter?
Answer:
They live in a round shaped house called Egloo during winter.

Question 75.
Where do they live in summer when the ice is melted?
Answer:
In summer when the ice is melted they live in tent made of seal’s skin called tupics.

Question 76.
What is known as the tent?
Answer:
The tent is known as Tupics.

Question 77.
What do the people of Tundra region use for transportation?
Answer:
They use wheelles sledge and the boat Kyak made of seal’s skin for tranportation.

Question 78.
What are the garments of the people of Tundra region made up of?
Answer:
They use to skin of animals in making their clothes.

Question 79.
What do the people of Tundra region use to make weapons?
Answer:
They use bones of animals for making weapons.

Question 80.
What animals do the people of Tundra region hunt for food?
Answer:
Seal, beer, Reindeer, arctic fox and fishes from sea.

Question 81.
What are the favourite food of the people of Tundra region?
Answer:
Milk of reindeer and berry fruits.

Question 82.
Name the minerals found in Tundra region.
Answer:
Coal, iron ore, gold, mineral oil.

Question 83.
Where are gold and mineral oil found?
Answer:
Ukraine and Alaska.

Question 84.
Where is iron-ore found?
Answer:
Kiruna region.

Question 85.
Where is coal found?
Answer:
Pittsburrgh.

Question 86.
Name a railway of Tundra region.
Answer:
The railway connecting Murmansk part of Siberia to Saint Reters-burg.

Question 87.
Name a Highway of Tuntra region.
Answer:
Alaska highway.

Question 88.
What are the imported and exported good of Tundra?
Answer:
This region import tea coffee tobacco against fleece and feather of animals.

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
What is called ‘Burst of Monsoon’?
Answer:
When South-East Monsoon coming from Arabean sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch enter the Indian subcontinent and sudden and tremendous rainfall occurs. This is called Burst of Monsoon.

Question 2.
Mention the climatic characteristics of equatorial climatic region.
Answer:
The Sunrays fall perpendicular on this region through out the year. So this region experience extreme temperature. During the day temperature rises upto 38° C and at night it remain 20°-25° C. The difference between highest and lowest tange of temperature is more. Heavy rainfall occurs through out the year.

Question 3.
Write about natural vegetation of equatorial climatic region.
Answer:
In this region some or the other tree bears green leaves, flowers and fruits throughout the year. Hence, these forests are called evergreen forests. They are called Selva in the Amazon basin of brazil. Rubber, rosewood, Brazil nut, iron wood and bamboo are found in the selva. Mahogany, rubber, palm, cocoa and cinchona are the dominant trees in the Congo and Zaire basins. In southeast Asia the equatorial forests consist of ablus, sal, teak, rubber trees. In the coastal areas coconut and palm trees are common.

Question 4.
Write about animals of equatorial climatic region.
Ans.
Here birds and animals that can climb trees are dominant. Because here the forest is dense and the floor is covered with undergrowth. Monkeys, cl.impanzees, gorillas, orangutans, snakes, birds, insects and pests are found here. On land elephants, deer, rhinoceros and in water crocodiles and hippopotamus are found.

Question 5.
Write about the inhabitants of equatorial climatic region.
Answer:
Due to hot humid climate, unhygienic conditions and wild natural environment here human settlements are scanty. Equatorial climatic regions of south-east Asia are more inhabited than the Zaire ar. Amazon bisins. Main inhabitants of this region are Pygmies of Zaire basin, Red Indians of upper A mazns basin, Semangs of south-east Asia.

Question 6.
Write about farming of the inhabitants of equatorial climatic region.
Answer:
Methods of shifting cultivation are being practiced in the forest fringes to grow corns, turnip, banana, yum. After establishing colonies by Europian traders, now the inhabitants practice piantation farming. Among them rubber in Malay, Java and Sumatra of south-east Asia, sugarcane and banana in West Indies, cocoa and palm in the Guinea coast are mentionable.

Question 7.
Write about minerals and industries of equatorial climatic region.
Answer:
Minerals available in this region are – tin in Malaya, natural gas and petroleum in Sumatra, Java and Borneo. Want of raw materials has prevented the growth of heavy industries in this region. Based on local agro-based. forest-based and mineral-based raw materials some industries have emerged.

Question 8.
Mention the location of monsoon climatic region.
Answer:
Monsoon climate is found from 10°-30^{\circ \prime latitudes in both hemispheres. In Asia India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Mayanmar, Srilanka, Vietnam, Kampuchea, Thailand, Taiwan, South China and some psrts of Philippines are under the influence of monsoon climate. Moreover, Somalia and Madagascar of East Africa, Queensland province of Australia are infuenced by monsoon climate.

Question 9.
Mention the climatic characteristics of monsoon climatic region.
Answer:
Four seasons are noticed in monsoon climate. They are – a) Winter (NovemberJanuary), b) Pre monsoon summer (March-May), c) Monsoon Rainy Season (June-September), d) Autumn (September-October). In winter North-East monsoon wind blows. It does not cause rainfall in India. But Srilanka, Coromandal coast, Andaman and Nicobar Island gets more rainfall. Average temperature of Summer is 30° C. Intense heat creates low pressure. In Monsoon rainy season water vapour in the air is maximum. Sudden and tremendous rainfall occurs. in Autumn cold weather prevails. Formation of deep depression in the Bay of Bengal causes thunderstorm and rainfall.

Question 10.
Write about settlement, agriculture, industry of monsoon climatic region.
Answer:
This region is the leading producer of rice. Besides wheat, sugarcane, cotton, oil seed and different types of fruits like mango, jumun, jack gruit, lichi, banana, pine apple are grown here. The minerals like coal, iron, copper, manganese, bauxite, mineral oil are found in this region. Jute

industry, cotton industry, tea industry, iron and steel industry are the heavy industries of this region. The communication and transport system through railways, waterways, roadways are highly developed. The popular and developed cities like Delhi. Kolkata, Mumbai are flourished in this region. Rapid economic prosperity is the feature of this region.

Question 11.
Write about location of Mediterranean climatic region.
Answer:
This climatic region lies in hot temperate zone. This type of climate is found in the Western part of the continents lie between 30°-40^{\circ latitude of both hemisphere. France. Italy, Spain, Greece, Portugal, Albania, former Yogoslavia of Europe. Turkey Israel, Syria, Lebanon of Asia; Egypt, Morocco, Libya, Algirea, Tunisia of Africa experience this type of climate. Also California of North America, Chili of South America, Capetown of South Africa, South. West and South Eastern part of Australia belong to this climatic region.

Question 12.
Write about animal rearing and agriculture of Mediterranean climatic region.
Answer:Here prevails rainless dry summer and wet winter. Hence donkey; sheep, goat, mule are reared here. Near hot deserts hen, camel are reared. This region is developed in agriculture. Wheat is the main crop. Moreover rice, maize, cotton, barley and tobacco is produced here. Due to bright and sunny weather grapes, apple, pears, olive, or ange, peach, walnut, peanuts, palm, sweeet fig and different types of citrus fruits are produced here. This region is called ‘Busket of fruits’.

Question 13.
Write about minerals and industry of Mediterranean climatic region.
Answer:
This region is not rich in mineral wealth. Mineral wealth in California, bauxite in France, marble and sulphur in Italy, iron in Spain are found here. Agriculture. orchard farming and orchard based industry, trade and commerce are main occupation here. Grapes are used in wine making in Italy and France. Oil producing from olives is a main industry in this region. Dry fruit, processed food products and flour industry is also mentionable. World famous filn industry Hollywood in California is located in this region.

Question 14.
Write about location of Tundra climatic region.
Answer:
Near the Arctic circle northern part of Canada in North America, Alaska, Northern parts of Eurasia, Norway, Sweden, Finland, coast of Greenland and Siberia in Asia are under the influence of tundra climate. This climate is also found in very small parts along the coast of Antarctica in southern hemisphere.

Question 15.
Describe about the winter climate of Tundra climatic region.
Answer:
At this region winters are long and severe cold. Winter lasts 8-9 months. At that time temperature falls 20° C-40° C. In Verkhoyansk of Siberia (coldest place of Northern hemisphere) average temperature of January remains -50.6° C. Due to severe cold entire region is covered by snow. Here snowfall and snowstorm are very common phenomena. Sun remains almost invisible in sky at that time. In continuous dark night sometimes for 2-3 hours Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis are seen.

Question 16.
Describe about the summer climate of Tundra climatic region.
Answer:
After two weeks of spring summer comes in Tundra region. It lasts for 2-3 months. This time average temperature remains 10° C. Sunset exists for a very short duration. Though sunrays exist 22-23 hours due to slanting rays. In the northern Norway at Hammerfest port and nearer ares remain visible at midnight. For this, this region is called ‘Land of Midnight Sun’. During summer the sky remains covered by fog.

Question 17.
Describe natural vegetation and animal life of Tundra climatic region.
Answer:
In Tundra climatic region as most of the times of the year temperature remains below freezing point, trees cannot grow. Mosses, shrub, birch, juniper, alder grow in summer when ice melts: In summer ground surface remains frozen. Wet land is formed due to accumulation of rain water on the ground surface. Mosses, lichens, different types of flowers bloom in the wetland. In the landmass of Tundra sledge dog, arctic fox, polar bear, caribou are seen. In coastal region seal, whale, walrus and different types of fishes are found.

Question 18.
Describe inhabitant’s lifestyle of Tundra climatic region.
Answer:
In Tundra region due to adverse climate, hardy lifestyle this area is sparsely populated. Here inhabitants set up their lives fighting with nature. Eskimos, Red Indians.Samoyeds, Yakutus, Lappas, Fin people live here. For severe cold agriculture is not possible here. The inhabitants roam from one place to another place. During winter they live in a round shaped house Igloo. It is made of ice. In summer when ice melts away they make tents tupics made of seal’s skin. For transportation they use wheelless sledges and the boat kayak made of seal’s skin. They use the skin of animals in making their clothes and bones for weapons. They hunt seal, bear, reindeer. arctic fox and catch fishes from sea for livelihood. Milk of reindeer and berry fruits are their favourite food.

Question 19.
Mention the recent changes in Tundra climatic region.
Answer:
Recently some mining areas are found here. Coal from Pittsburgh, iron-ore form Kiruna, gold and mineral oil form Alaska and Ukraine. So, a few industries have developed here. Connection with outerworld has increased through railways and water ways. Railway communication from Murmansk port of Siberia to Saint Petersburg has been established. Alaska highway of North America has connected Tundra region with the other parts. In some parts agriculture is done with the latest technology by greenhouse. Inhabitants of this region import tea, coffee, tobacco against fleece and feather of animal. Nowadays inhabitants are habituated with modern lifestyle.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 5 Cloud and Rain offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Question Answer – Cloud and Rain

Textbook Page no. 47.

Question 1.
By which process does the air heat up in case of convectional rainfall?
Answer:
The sun rays fall vertically on those regions where convectional rainfall occurs and for this reason the air hots up by the process of covection.

Question 2.
Why do ever green forests grow in the equatorial region?
Answer:
Ever green forests grow in the equatorial region because the sun rays fall vertically here through out the year. As the water mass is more in this region the amount of water vapour in air is more. As the result convectional rainfail occurs and evergreen forests have grown.

Question 3.
Name two countries that experience convectional rainfall through out the year.
Answer:
The two countries that experience convectional rainfall through out year are India and Bangladesh.

Textbook Page no. 4

Question 1.
Why does a barefoeted morning walk on the grass make your feet wet in winter?
Answer:
A barefooted morning walk on the grass make our feet wet in winter because dew drops accumulate on the grass.

Question 2.
why is less dew observed in dry region?
Answer:
In the dry region as the cold wind in the layer of atmosphere is less the water vapour near the earth surface become comparetively less cool and condensed. So less dew is observed in dry cegion.

Question 3.
Why is fog mainly seen in winter and on water bodies?
Answer:
In winter the amount of water vapour is more mainly on the water bodies. These water vapour condenses around the dust particle to form the fog.

Question 4.
What type of rainfall is generally observed in our country in the monsoon?
Answer:
In our country generally cyelonic rainfall occurs in monsoon.

Question 5.
why is the amount of water vapour are different in different areas?
Answer:
The temperature of air is different in different areas. Some areas have cool climate some have moderate. Some areas are surrounded by the mountains. The Sun rays fall vertically in some places, whereas squinting in other places. So the amount of water vapour are different in different areas.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Question Answer West Bengal Board – Cloud and Rain

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
The word ‘oros’ means-
i) rain
ii) rock
iii) mountain
iv) river
Answer:
iii) mountain

Question 2.
The name of the cyclone of Bay of Bengal is-
i) cyclone
ii) Aila
iii) Typhoon
Answer:
i) cyclone

Question 3.
The cyclone that occured in 2009 is-
i) cyclone
ii) Aila
iii) Phailin
Answer:
Aila.

Question 4.
Combined form of water droplets and ice particles is called-
i) sleet
ii) cloud
iii) water vapour
Answer:
sleet.

Question 5 .
The distance between Cherrapunji and Shilong is-
i) 85 km.
ii) 56 .km.
iii) 58 km.
iv) 50 km.
Answer:
ii) 56 km.

Question 6.
The average maximum height of low cloud is-
i) 5,000 ft.
ii) 5,600 ft.
iii) 6,000 ft.
iv) 6,500 ft.
Answer:
iv) 6,500 ft.

Question 7.
The cloud with fibrous appearance is-
i) cumulus
ii) cirrocumulus
iii) cirrus
iv) altostratus
Answer:
iv) altostratus.

Question 8.
Mackerel sky is called when the sky is covered in-
i) cirrocumulus cloud
ii) cirrus cloud
iii) Altostratus cloud
iv) stratocumulus cloud
Answer:
i) cirrocumulus cloud

Question 9.
A vertical cloud is-
i) cumulus
ii) cirrus
iii) stratus
Answer:
i) cumulus

Question 10.
cumulonimbus looks like-
i) wooly
ii) dome
iii) light film
Answer:
ii) dome

Question 11.
From cumulonimbus cloud occurs-
i) Drizzle
ii) hailstorm
iii) snow fall
Answer:
ii) hailstorm

Question 12.
Cloud is formed in the laye –
i) Atmosphere
ii) Magnetosphere
iii) Troposphere
Answer:
iii) Troposphere

Question 13.
Which is not precipitation-
i) hailstorm
ii) rain
iii) Fog
Answer:
iii) Fog.

Question 14.
The instrument for measuring rain is-
i) animometer
ii) rain gauge
iii) barometer
Answer:
ii) rain gauge

Question 15.
Tiny droplets foating around like smoke is called-
i) fog
ii) dew
iii) smog
Answer:
i) fog

Question 16.
The diameter of tiny water droplets is-
i) 0.06 mm.
ii) 0.00 mm.
iii) 0.05 mm.
iv) 0.2) mm.
Answer:
iii) 0.05 mm.

Question 17.
From stratus cloud occurs-
i) Drizzle
ii) thunderstorm
iii) hailstorm
Answer:
i) Drizzle

Question 18.
Cyclone on East China is known as-
i) hurricane
ii) typhoon
ii) cyclone
Answer:
ii) typhoon

Question 19.
Cyclone is forward in both hemisphere in the latitude of-
i) 20°-25°
ii) 25°-30°
iii) 15°-25°
iv) 5°-20°
Answer:
iv) 5°-20°

Question 20.
The average annual rainfall of Cherrapunji is-
i) 2,250 mm.
ii) 11,777 mm.
iii) 2,207 mm.
iv) 10,767 mm.
Answer:
ii) 11,777 mm.

Question 21.
The imaginary line joining place with some average amount of precipitation is called on-
i) isotherm
ii) isohyet
iii) isopress
Answer:
ii) isohyet.

Question 22.
Which of the wids join together in cyslonic rainfall-
i) North-East and South-East trade wind
ii) North-South and South-West trade wind
iii) South-West trade wind
Answer:
i) North-East and South-East trade wind.

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. The cloud that forms thin white film is called _______.
2. Cirrocumulus cloud make the sky iook like the _______ body of _______ fish.
3. The average height of medium clouds is ________ fit te ________ ft.
4. _______ cloud generally forecasts lingering rain.
5. _______ cloud is a layered cloud.
6. The other name of strotscumulus cloud is _________.
7. Stratus cloud is white to coloured and covered the entire sky like ____.
8. Accumulation of stratus cloud causes a great problem for _______ and ______.
9. Stratus cloud can sometimes cause a _________.
10. _______ cloud indicates bad weather.
11. The top surface of cumulus cloud is white, irregular and undulating like a while the bottom is black and _________
12. Cumulonimbus may be grey or ______ and is somewhat ________.
13. Cumulonimbus has a great vertical extent of about __________ f f upward from the layer of air adjacent to the surface of the earth.
14. Cumulonimbus cloud causes violent ________ and torrential-
15. The other name of cumulonimbus cloud is _________.
16. The diameter of the water droplets in cloud is ________.
17. In the layer of __________ the cloud forms.
18. The changing of water into water vapour is __________.
19. The tempereature at which the air gets saturated is its ________.
20. The changes of water vapour into droplets is called ___________.
21. Water droplets descending from the atmosphere to the surface of the earth in the influence of ________ is called ___________.
22. Cloud is the collection of small ___________.
23. ___________ rainfall is restricted to a small areas.
24. The rainfall that occurs for gettting obstructed by the mountain is called ____________.
25. The slope of the mountain along which the wind descends is the _______ side.
26. The leeward slope is called _______ region.
27. The sunrays fall _________ on the equatorial region through out the year.
28. _________ is located in the Hills of Meghalaya.
29. The ________ rainfall that caused by a cyclone is called _______ Rainfall.
30. The __________ sea branch of the south-west monsoon wind strikes the Western Ghats and causes abundant on its western slope.
31. ‘Aila’ occured in _______.
33. A combined form of _________ and ice particles is called ___________.
34. _________ causes some damage to crops and weakly constructed structures.
35. Hailstorm are sometimes seen in West Bengal during _______ or _________.
36. In high mountain region ____ wind is cooled to a temperature below freezing point the water vapour is directly converted to _________.
Answer:
1. cirrostratus
2. scaled, mackerel
3. 6.500:20,000
4. Altostratus
5. Stratocumulus
6) Bumpy cloud
7. grey, fog
8. mountaineers. pilot
9. drizzles
10. Nimbostratus
11. cauliflower, flat
12. whitish grey, black, dome shaped
13. 12.000
14. Thunderstorm, rain
15. Thunder cloud
16. 0.02 mm
17. Troposphere
18. evaporation
19. dew point
20. condensation
21. gravitational pulI. precipitaion
22. droplets of water
23. convectional
24. orographic
25. beward
26. rain shadow
27. vertically
28. Cherrapunji, Khasi
29. cyclonic
30. Arabian, rainfall
31. 2009
32. Typhoon
33. water droplets, sleet
34. Hailstorm
35. spring. summer
36. moisture laden, ice.

State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)

1. More dew is formed on cloudless nights.
2. A combined form of water droplets and ice particles is called sleet.
3. Generally tropical cyclones are formed betwween 0° and 5° parallels of latitude in both hemisphere.
4. Average annual rainfall in Cherrapunji is approximately 6,637 mm.
5. The change of water vapour into water droplets is called condensation.
6. Cirrocumulus indicates bad weather.
7. Stratocumulus is called Bumpy Clouds.
8. Cumulus cloud is called thunder cloud.
9. Evaporation is the change of water into water vapour.
10. The temperature at which air gets saturated is its condeirsitiom
11. When a mountain or any upland stands in the path of moisture ladden wind from the sea, the wind is blocked in its path and rises alon the slope of the natural barrier.
12. Ornographic rainfall is called convectional rainfall.
13. The top surface of cumulus cloud is irregular and undulating like a cauliflower.
14. Hailstorms can occur from cumulus cloud.
15. Convectional rainfall generally takes place in the afternoon or evening and is usually torrential and thunderous.
16. Nimbostratus cloud indicates bad weather.
Answer:
1. true
2. true
3. false
4. false
5. true
6. false
7. true
8. false
9. true
10. false
11. true
12. false
13. true
14. fale
15. true
16. true

Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) Rainfall is the most familiar example	i) indicates fair weather
b) Cumulonimbus cloud may be	ii) different names at different locations
c) Cirrus cloud generally	iii) Rain Shadow Region
d) Cirrocumulus cloud is called	iv) to crops and weakely costructed structures
e) Blue sky can be seen	v) is called Cyclonic Rainfall
f) Leeward slope is known as the	vi) whitish grey or black
g) Fog can sometimes reduce	vii) of precipitation
h) Hailstorm cause some damage	viii) visibility to a afew metres
i) Tropical cyclones are known by	ix) through the gaps in Altostratus cloud
j) Rainfall caused by a cyclone	x) the Mackerel Sky

Answer:
a) Rainfall is the most familiar example of precipitation.
b) Cumulonimbus cloud may be whitish grey or black.
c) Cirrus cloud generally indicates fair weather.
d) Cirrocumulus cloud is called the Mackerel Sky.
e) Blue sky can be seen through the gaps in Altostratus cloud.
f) Leeward slope is known as the Rain Shadow Region.
g) Fog can sometimes reduce visibility to a afew metres.
h) Hailstorm cause some damage to crops and weakely costructed structures.
i) Tropical cyclones are known by different names at different locations.
i) Rainfall caused by a cyclone is called Cyclonic Rainfall.

Very Short Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
What is the height of the highest cloud?
Answer:
20,000 feet.

Question 2.
What is the name of white, light and feathery cloud?
Answer:
Cirrus cloud.

Question 3.
How does the cirrocumulus could look like?
Answer:
cotton wool type.

Question 4.
How does the Altostratus cloud look like?
Answer:
Grey to bluish in colour with fibrous appearance.

Question 5.
Name some clouds with medium height.
Answer:
Altostratus and Altocumulus.

Question 6.
What is the other name of Stratocumulus?
Answer:
The other name of Stratocumulus is Bumpy cloud.

Question 7.
From which cloud rainfall with violent thunderstorms occurs?
Answer:
cumulonimbus.

Question 8.
What is the other name of cumulonimbus?
Answer:
Thunder cloud.

Question 9.
How is the cloud formed?
Answer:
The water of the sea, pond, river is heated by the sunrays and turn into water vapour. Then it accumulates the dust particle to form cloud.

Question 10.
In which layer of earth the cloud is formed?
Answer:
The cloud is formed in Troposphere of air.

Question 11.
What is evaporation?
Answer:
The process by which water is turned into water vapour.

Question 12.
What is saturated air?
Answer:
When a specific quantity of air holds the maximum amount of water vapour that it can hold a specific temperature, it is said to be saturated.

Question 13.
What is the diameter of general droplets of cloud?
Answer:
0.02 mm.

Question 14.
What are the different types of rainfall?
Answer:
There are the three types of rainfall-i) Convectional, ii) Orographic, iii) Cyclonic

Question 15.
What is windward side?
Answer:
The slope along which wind ascends and causes rainfall is the windward slope.

Question 16.
What is leeward slope?
Answer:
The slope along which the wind descends is called the leeward slope.

Question 17.
Name a ‘Rain shadow Region’.
Answer:
Meghalaya plateau.

Question 18.
What is the distance between Cherrapunji and Shillong?
Answer:
The distance between Cherrapunji and Shillong is 56 Km.

Question 19.
What is the average annual rainfall of Cherrapunji?
Answer:
11.777 mm.

Question 20.
What is the average annual rainfall of Shillong?
Answer:
2,207 mm.

Question 21.
What is the name of the cyclone of 2009 ?
Answer:
Aila.

Question 22.
What is the name of the cyclone of 2013 ?
Answer:
Pheilin.

Question 23.
What is the name of the cyclone found in the Bay of Bengal?
Answer:
Cyclone.

Question 24.
What is called the cyclone of Caribean sea?
Answer:
Hurricane.

Question 25.
What is ‘sleet’?
Answer:
A combined form of water droplets and ice particles is called sleet.

Question 26.
When is the rainfall occured in West Bengal?
Answer:
Rainfall is occured in West Bengal in rainy season.

Question 27.
Which instrument is used for measuring rainfall?
Answer:
Rain gauge.

Short Questions & Answers : (2 marks for each question)

Question 1.
What is fog?
Answer:
When water vapour in the air near the carth”s surface condenses around dust particles in it and forms tiny droplets of water, they float around and appear like smoke. This is called fog.

Question 2.
What does the term ‘Orographic’ mean?
Answer:
‘Oros’ means mountain. The word ‘Orographic’ derives from the fact that a mountain or any other upland stands in the way of wind and helps to cause rainfall.

Question 3.
What is ‘Hailstorm’?
Answer:
For the ascending air current the water particles sometimes rise high and getting cooled turn into little particles of ice. When more droplets of water gather around the ice particles their volume expands and fall with the rain. This is called ‘Hailstorm”.

Question 4.
What is convectional rainfall?
Answer:
The amount of evaporation is more in those arears where the sunray falls vertically through out the year and the water mass is more than landmass. The water vapours condense into tiny droplets and accumulate around the dust particle to form cloud. The rainfall that occur from this cloud is called the convectional rainfall.

Question 5.
What is Orographic rainfall?
Answer:
The wet moisture laden wind from the sea gets obstructed, goes high up. As it goes high it becomes cool and expanded. Then it condenses and causes rainfall. This is called Orographic rainfall.

Question 6.
What is ‘Rain shadow’ area?
Answer:
After raining heavily in windward side when the air reaches in the leeward side the amount of water vapour reduces. As the air descends, it gets heated and the capacity of holding water vapour increases. So the air becomes unsaturated and rainfall does not occur from such air in leeward side. Thus it is called Rain Shadow area or region.

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
Write about the origin of clouds.
Answer:
Water evaporating from seas, rivers and ponds on being heated up by sunlight is a source of water vapour in air. Transpiration from plants is another source. When air is laden with water vapour it becomes lighter and moves upward easily. Lower air pressure in higher altitude makes the moister laden air expand. The air also cools down in contact with the cooler air at higher altitude. Gradually the temperature of the moist air mass reaches its dew point and the air becomes saturated. When the saturated air cools down further, the water vapour in it condsnces to form small droplets of water. These water droplets settle around particles of dust, salt and other solid substances suspended in air and float in the air as cloud.

Question 2.
What is precipitation?
Answer:
Water droplets descending from the atmosphere to the surface of the air in the influence of gravitational pull is called precipitation. Clouds sailing in the sky are actually innumerable small droplets of water collected around dust particles. These clouds can be condensed further when they rise and come in contact with colder air. This is how the small droplets get together to form larger drops of water. These larger drops are too heavy to be held in suspension to the air. They respond to the attraction of gravity and are brought down as rain.

Question 3.
Write about cyclonic rainfall.
Answer:
If temperature increases in a small area, air over it warms up and rise. This leads to lowering of the local pressure and the formation of a centre of deep depression. The air surrounding this low pressure centreis cooler and exerts high pressure. Wind blows from the high pressure areas to the central low pressure at great speed, thereby generating a cyclonic storm. This is how a tropical cyclone forms. When the wind reaches the central low pressure cell, it gets warmer and a whirlwind starts moving upwards. This centripetal ascending air mass cools down and condenses causing torrential and thunderous rain. Rainfall thus caused by a cyclone is called Cyclonic Rainfall.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 4 Pressure Belts and Winds offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Question Answer – Pressure Belts and Winds

Textbook Page no. 36.

Question 1.
From which direction do Westerlies blow in the Southern hemisphere and what is the name given to such winds?
Answer:
At the time of blowing from southern Tropical High pressure belt to southern subpolar low pressure belt the Westerlies turns to the left according to Ferrell’s Law. Then it is known as North-West Westerlies.

Question 2.
Why are the Westerlies faster in the Southern hemisphere?
Answer:
The world masses are more than land masses in southern hemisphere and so the Westerlies blows faster here.

Question 3.
From which direction does the Polar wind blow in the Southern hemisphere according to the Ferrell’s Law and what is its called?
Answer:
In Southern hemisphere the wind blowing form south pole and turns to the left and it is known as south-east Polar wind.

Question 4.
why is Polar wind cold?
Answer:
Polar wind generates from extremely cold region. So which region the wind passes through the temperature decreases.

Textbook Page no. 37.

Question 1.
Which winds bring rain to China in Asia, Etheopia in Africa and Mexico in North America?
Answer:
For the influence of Westerlies.

Textbook Page no. 39.

Question 1.
which wind brings more rainfall to coastal areas?
Answer:
Sea wind brings more fainfall to coastal areas.

Question 2.
Which wind would help boats sail as they venture out into the sea or river at dawn?
Answer:
With the help of Landwind.

Question 3.
From which direction would the cool breeze come in a coast or a river bank in the evening?
Answer:
From the sea.

Textbook Page no. 40.

Question 1.
Why is there almost no rainfall from the winter Monsoon Wind?
Answer:
In winter dry cool wind blows from the land to sea. Thus rainfall does not occur.

Question 2.
Why is monson wind elassified as periodic wind?
Answer:
Monsoon wind blows in a certain season of the year, certain time of the day for the variation of the temperature. So it is called Perodic Wind.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Question Answer West Bengal Board – Pressure Belts and Winds

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
The region extends through 50 of latitude to the north and south of the equator is –
i) Equatorial region
ii) Polar region
iii) Tropical region
Answer:
i) Equatorial region.

Question 2.
The other name of equatorial region is-
i) Coriolis
ii) Doldrums
iii) Horse Latitudes
Answer:
ii) Doldrums

Question 3.
The region between 25° and 30° parallels of latitude in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere is called-
i) Subpolar region
ii) equatorial region
iii) Tropical calm zone
Answer:
iii) Tropical calm zone.

Question 4.
The temperature of two poles remains the ice point throughout the year-
i) over
ii) below
iii) within
Answer:
ii) below.

Question 5.
Two tropical region between 250 and 300 parallels of latitude is known as-
i) Horse Latitude
ii) Coriolis
iii) equatorial region
Answer:
i) Horse latitude.

Question 6.
The difference between the air pressure of two regions is responsible for-
i) changing the direction of wind
ii) changing the speed of the wind
iii) blowing wind
Answer:
iii) blowing wind

Question 7.
The scientist who first said about the deflective force is-
i) G. G. Coriolis
ii) M. Sen
iii) Willium Ferrell
Answer:
i) G. G. Coriollis.

Question 8.
Buys Ballot Law was introduced in-
i) 1855
ii) 1856
iii) 1850
iv) 1857
Answer:
iv) 1857

Question 9.
Dry cold polar winds blow from high pressure belt to low pressure belt
i) all through the year
ii) sometimes
iii) periodically
Answer:
i) all through the year.

Question 10.
Westerlies blow in the southern hemisphere than the northern-
i) faster
ii) slower
iii) equally
Answer:
i) faster.

Question 11.
Westerlies blowing with a violent howl along the 60 south parallel of latitude is-
i) Roaring Forties
ii) Furious Fifties
iii) Screaming Sixtics
Answer:
iii) Screaming Sixties.

Question 12.
In the Northern hemisphere Polar winds blow between 70° N and 80° N-
i) latitude
ii) longitude
iii) not any of them
Answer:
i) latitude

Question 13.
The apparent migration of the sun occurs within-
i) 22nd. March-21st. June
ii) 22 nd. Sep.-21st. July
iii) 22nd Dec.-21st.June
Answer:
iii) 22nd. Dec. 21st. June

Question 14.
In agriculture the coasts of the Mediterranean sea are-
i) under-developed
ii) well-developed
iii) medium
Answer:
ii) well developed.

Question 15.
The Tundra Region is completely covered in ice for-
i) 7-8 months
ii) 6-7 months
iii) 8-9 months
iv) 3-4 months
Answer:
iii) 8-9 months.

Question 16.
The temperate grass land that located in the central and eastern parts of the continents are called-
i) Havard grassland
ii) mangrove forests
iii) Central Asian Steppis
Answer:
iii) Central Asian steppis.

Question 17.
The winds that blow particular time in the year is called-
i) periodic wind
ii) Local wind
iii) Sea brecze
Answer:
i) periodic wind

Question 18.
The cold wind blows from sea to land is called-
i) land breeze
ii) sea breeze
iii) Trade wind
Answer:
ii) Sea breeze.

Question 19.
At night the wind that blows from land to sea is called-
i) Trade wind
ii) perodic wind
iii) land breeze
Answer:
iii) Land breeze.

Question 20.
The another name of mountain wind is-
i) Anabatic wind
ii) Katabatic wind
iii) land breeze
Answer:
ii) Katabatic wind

Question 21.
The another name of valley wind is-
i) Anabatic
ii) Katabatic
iii) Parmanent wind
Answer:
i) Anabatic

Question 22.
Wind blowing in different parts of the earth at different times in the year due to local factors are called-
i) Land breeze
ii) Permanent wind
iii) Local wind
Answer:
iii) Local wind.

Question 23.
Pompero blows over-
i) Libiya
ii) Pampas region
iii) Guinea coast
Answer:
ii) Pampas region.

Question 24.
Chinook blows over-
i) Pampas region
ii) Guinea coast
iii) the eastern slope of Rocky mountain
Answer:
iii) the eastern slope of Rocky mountain

Question 25.
Harmattan blows over-
i) Guinea Coast
ii) Pampas region
iii) the Rocky. mountain
Answer:
i) Guinea coast

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. The ______ region extends through 5° of latitude to the north and south of the equator.
2. The ______ movement of air over the earth’s surface is called air current.
3. The horizontal movement of air parallel to the earth’s surface is called ____
4. The two polar regions have temperature below _____ almost all through the year.
5. The two Tropical region is known as _____.
6. The rotation of the earth results in a force that causês an frèe flowing and mobile objects on earth to change direction and deflect. This deflective force is known as ______.
7. The American meteorolist _____ first mention the similarities swinging of clock with the swinging of provalent wind.
8. First _____ mentioned the coriollis Force .
9. The Coriollis Foree is mentioned in _____.
10. Buys Ballot Law is named after _______.
11. _____ are the winds blowing from Northern and Southern Tropical high pressure belt to the Equatorial low pressure belt through out the year.
12. The equatorial region where the North East and South East Trade wind meet is called ______.
13. _____ blow between 35° and 60° north and south parallels of latitudes.
14. The winds blow along 40° south parallels of latitude to the east is called _____.
15. Westerlies blowing with a violent howle among the 60° south parallel of latitude is called ______.
16. Extremely fast westerlies along the 50° south parallel of latitude is called ______.
17. With the variation of the parallels of latitude the temperature of air ______.
18. As the Trade wind blow from the less warm tropics to the warmer equatorial region, they get progressively ______.
19. The livehood of the people of ______ is rather difficult.
20. In winter watermass remains ______ than landmass.
21. The coasts of the Mediterranean sea are well developped in terms of ______ and ______.
22. The influence of Polar wind is found in ______ region.
23. ______ winds in both hemisphere blow from freczing cold regions to comparatively less region.
24. The ______ Region is completely covered in ice and has a lengthy spanning through 8-9 months.
25. At night the wind blows from ______ to sea.
26. The durinal difference in temperature between opposite seasons leads to the formation of ______.
27. The another name of ‘mountain wind’ is ______.
28. The another name of ‘valley wind’ is ______.
29. When the air pressure suddenlly drops over a small area, pressure is generally ______ in the centre.
30. In a cyclone wind speed can shoot up to about ______ km per hour.
31. Tropical cyclones are ______.
32. When the prevalent condition is just opposite to the cyclone, it is called ______.
33. Sirocco is one type of ______.
34. The word ‘chinook’ means ______.
35. Boro blows through the coast of the ______.
36. Fohn is one type of ______.
37. ______ is characterized by the dry and dusty northeasterly trade wind.
38. Fohn is found in the ______.
39. After the name of G. G. Coriolis the deflective force is called ______.
Answer:
1. equatorial region
2. vertical
3. wind
4. freezing point
5. Horse Latitude
6. Coriolis Force
7. William Ferrell
8. G. G. Coriollis
9. 1835 A.D
10. Buys Ballot
11. Trade wind
12. Inter Tropical convergence zone
13. Westerlies
14. Westerlies
15. Screaming sixties
16. Furious Fifties
17. varies
18. warmer
19. Sahara desert
20. warmer
21. agriculture, communication
22. Tundra
23. Polar, cold
24. Tundra, winter
25. Land
26. Monsoon wind
27. Katabatic wind
28. Arabatic wind
29. lowest
30. 160
31. destructive
32. anticyclone
33. local wind
34. snow eater
35. Adriatic sea
36. local wind
37. Harmattan
38. northern slope of Alps
39. Coriolis Force.

State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)

1. Land breeze blows from the land towards the water at night.
2. Periodic winds are winds that blow during a particular time in the year.
3. Anticyclones are generally formed in low latitudes.
4. ‘Mountain wind’ is called local wind.
a. The he wind of rocky mountain is example of local wind.
6. Trade winds blow between 25° and 30° north and south parllels of latitude.
7. Wind is named after the direction fron which it flows.
8. William Farrel was a British scientist.
9. The equatorial region has more water than landmass.
10. Westerlies blows from the east.
11. Two air masses of opposite nature meet at the Tropics.
12. The wet hot polar winds blow throughout the year from polar low pressure belts to sub polar belts.
13. Periodic winds are winds that blow during a particular time in the year.
14. Tropical cyclones are constructive.
15. The higher slopes in Kulu and Kangra valleys are more populated than the valley floors.
Answer:
1. true
2. true
3. false
4. false
5, true
6. false
7. true
8. false
9. true
10. false
11. true
12. false
13. true
14. fale
15. true

Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) Land breeze	i) the air is super cool and heavy
b) Sea breeze and Land Breeze	ii) tropics and the poles
c) Inter Tropical Convergence Zone	iii) meet at the Tropics
d) Coriolis Force acts generally	iv) different parts of the earth’s surface
e) In polar regions	i) occur everyday
f) The air is denser in the	ii) picks up speed at dawn.
g) Two air masses of opposite nature	iii) on the naturally flowing winds
h). Ships come to a stndstill	iv) is cold
i) Atmosphere pressure varies over	i) in the Horse Latitude
j) Polar wind	ii) is known as Equatorial calm region

Answer:
a) Land breeze picks up speed at dawn.
b) Sea breeze and Land Breeze occur everyday.
c) Inter Tropical Convergence Zone is known as Equatorial calm region.
d) Coriolis Force acts generally on the naturally flowing winds.
e) In polar regions the air is super cool and heavy.
f) The air is denser in the tropics and the poles.
g) Two air masses of opposite nature meet at the Tropics.
h) Ships come to a stndstill in the Horse Latitude
i) Atmosphere pressure varies over different parts of the earth’s surface.
j) Polar wind is cold.

Very Short Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
What is wind?
Answer:
The horizontal movement of air parallel to the earth’s surface is called wind.

Question 2.
What is air current?
Answer:
The vertical movement of the air over the earth’s surface is called air current.

Question 3.
Which region is called Doldrums?
Answer:
Equatorial calm zones.

Question 4.
Which region is called Horse-latitude?
Answer:
Tropical regions (25°-35°N. and S) are known as Horse-latitude.

Question 5.
How does the coriolis Force acts?
Answer:
Coriolis Force acts as a right angle to the direction of flow of wind.

Question 6.
How is the wind named?
Answer:
Wind is named after the direction from which it blow.

Question 7.
When was Buys Ballot Law find out?
Answer:
Buys Ballot law was found out in 1857.

Question 8.
What is the speed of Trade wind in Northern Hemisphere?
Answer:
Trade winds travel 16 km per hour in Northern Hemisphere.

Question 9.
What is ITCZ?
Answer:
The North East and South East Trade winds meet in the Equatorial Region. This is the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone or the ITCZ.

Question 10.
What is the other name of ITCZ?
Answer:
The other name of ITCZ is Equatorial calm region.

Question 11.
What is Roaring Forties?
Answer:
Westerlies blowing with a howl aiong the 40° south parallel of latitudes.

Question 12.
What is Furious Fifties?
Answer:
Extremely fast Westerlies along the 500 south parallel to latitude.

Question 13.
What is Screming Sixties?
Answer:
Westerlies blowing with a violent how along the 600 south parallel of latitude.

Question 14.
What is the source of the temperature of air?
Answer:
The source of air temperature is Sun.

Question 15.
How is the livehood of the people of Sahara desart for the influence of Trade wind?
Answer:
The ivehood here is rather difficult.

Question 16.
How is the livehood of the people of Mediterranean coast for the influence of westerlies?
Answer:
Prosperous in scope of employment.

Question 17.
Which region experiences blizzards for Polar wind?
Answer:
Siberia in Russia somctimes experience blizzards in polar wind.

Question 18.
When do the Periodic Winds blow?
Answer:
Periodic winds blow during a particular time in the year.

Question 19.
Where is the effect of Sea Breeze found?
Answer:
The effect of Sea-Breeze is found till 150 km. inland the coast line.

Question 20.
When the influence of Land Breeze increases?
Answer:
The influence of Land Breeze increases at dwon.

Question 21.
Which wind is called the larger verson of Sea and Land Breeze.
Answer:
Monsoon wind is cousdeered the larger verson of sea and I and Breeze.

Question 22.
Name two valleys of Himachal Pradesh.
Answer:
The two valleys of Himachal Pradesh are Kulu and Kangra.

Question 23.
Where is Chinook found?
Answer:
Chinook is found in Rocky mountain region of North America.

Question 24.
What does the term ‘Chinook’ mean?
Answer:
The term ‘Chinook’ means ‘Snow eater’.

Question 25.
What is the nature of Chinook?
Answer:
Chinook is dry and hot.

Question 26.
Where are the Cattles reared for the influence of Chinook?
Answer:
For the influence of Chinook the cattles are reared in Prairies.

Question 27.
Where is Fohn found?
Answer:
Fohn is found in Alps mountain region.

Question 28.
What is the nature of Fohn?
Answer:
Fahn is dry and warm.

Question 29 .
What happens due to the influence of Fahn?
Answer:
Due to the influence of Fahn the temperature rises.

Question 30.
How is Harmattan?
Answer:
Harmattan is dry and cold.

Question 31.
Where is Harmattan found?
Answer:
Harmattan blows over the Guinea coast from the eastern part of North West Anerica.

Question 32.
What is the Doctor wind?
Answer:
Harmattan is called the Doctor wind.

Question 33.
Why is Harmattan called the ‘Doctor’?
Answer:
It is because the wind provides relief from the warm moist and sultry wtither in the Tropical region.

Question 34.
How is Bora?
Answer:
Bora is dry and cold.

Question 35.
Where is Bora found?
Answer:
Bora blows through the coast of the Adriatic sea after descending along the southern slope of Alps.

Question 36.
What happens due to the influence of Bora.?
Answer:
This excessive cold wind disrupts normal life is southern Europe along the coast of the Adriatic sea.

Question 37.
What is Pompero?
Answer: Pampero is one of a local winds.

Question 38.
Where is Pampero found?
Answer:
Pampero originates in the Southern parts of South America and blows over Pampas region.

Question 39.
How does Pampero effect on human life?
Answer:
For the influence of Pampero the life of the people becomes comfortable.

Question 40.
Where is Sirocco found?
Answer:
Sirocco is originated in Libyan desert of Africa and blows over Southern Europe.

Question 41.
What type of wind is Sirocco?
Answer:
Sirocco is dry, warm and dusty.

Question 42.
How is the coast of Africa influenced by Sirocco?
Answer:
For the influence of Sirocco the northern coast of Africa is dried up and covered with dust.

Question 43.
Give examples of local wind blowing in India.
Answer:
Loo and Andhi.

Question 44.
What is the speed of Trade Wind in southern hemisphere?
Answer:
The speed of Trade Wind in southern hemisphere is 22-30 km. per hour.Short

Short Questions & Answers : (2 marks for each question)

Question 1.
What is coriolis Force?
Answer:
The rotation of the earth results in a force that causes all free flowing and mobile objects on earth to change direction and deflect. This is called Coriolis Force.

Question 2.
What is Buys Ballot’s Law?
Answer:
When one faces the wind in the Northern Hemisphere pressure is more towards the right and lower on left. Just opposite condition is seen in the Southern Hemisphere.

Question 3.
Which wind is called winter Monsoon wind?
Answer:
In winter cold, dry, wind blows from landmass towards the ocean. This is called Winter Monsoon Wind.

Question 4.
Which is called Summer Monsoon Wind?
Answer:
In summer moisture laden wind blows from ocean towards the land. That is called Summer Monsoon Wind.

Question 5.
What is Anabatic Wind?
Answer:
Sometimes the air over the valley does not heat up as much as that over the slopes flanking the valleys during day time. Therefore, the air pressure is comparatively highrer whereas the temperature is lower in the valley.nAir from the valley rises along the slopes. This is known as Anabatic Wind.

Question 6.
What is Catabatic Wind?
Answer:
At night the slopesradiate heat faster as the air over the mountain slopes cools down and high pressure prevails here. This heavy air from the high pressure descends and settles down in the valley. This is known as Catabatic Wind.

Question 7.
What is meant by periodic Wind?
Answer:
There are some winds that blow during a particular time in the year or a particular time of the day. These winds do not blow throughout the year like the planetary winds. These are called periodic winds.

Question 8.
What is Doldrums?
Answer:
In equatorial region upward air current is observed. There is no horizontal movement of air. This leads to the prevalence of calm conditions. So this is the zone of equatorial calm. This region is called ‘Doldrums’ which mean calm.

Question 9.
What is Sub-tropical regions?
Answer:
The region between 25° and 30° parallels of latitude in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are respectively called the Northern sub-tropical and Southern sub-tropical regions.

Question 10.
Mention three segments of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone.
Answer:
The segment extending through the indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean is the largest one. The second segment is found to the west of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean. The third segment is also on the pacific Ocean to the west of South America.

Question 11.
How trade winds get such name?
Answer:
Ancient commercial vessels used these winds in their sails to carry the cargo along certain marine routes. These winds them in trading. So these winds got their name as trade wind.

Question 12.
Mention the features of Sea breeze and Land breeze?
Answer:

1. Sea breeze and Land breeze occur everyday.
2. These winds blow at a regular interval each day.
3. Generally the effect of these winds are found till 150 Km. inland from the coastline.

Question 13.
How cyclone is formed?
Answer:
When air pressure suddenly drops over a small area, pressure is generally lowest at the centre. Then wind blows at high speed towards the central low pressure zone from higher pressure. this is called cyclone.

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
Why are the pressure belts formed?
Answer:
The hot and wet air of equatorial region rises up. The temperature reduces as the air rises up. On cooling the weight and density increases. The cool and heavy air sinks in the Northern and Southern Tropical region. Cool and dry air from polar region also sinks dwon in these two Tropical regions. Two air masses of defferent characters meet at the Tropic and the mass and density of air increase.

Question 2.
What is Horse Latitude?
Answer:
In sixteenth century ship from West Indies and Europe used to come stand still in Northern and Southern Tropical region because there was no air in their soil. The vessels carrying horses used to take much time to reach the West Indies and America. To avoid the crises of food and water the crews sacrificed some of the horses by throwing them into the Atlantic Ocean for reducing the weight of the ship. Therefore the Tropical regions are called the Horse latitudes.

Question 3.
What is Cyclone and Anti cyclone?
Answer:
When air pressure suddenly drops over a small area a low pressure creates at center and a high pressure creates at the surrounding zoncs. In the situation air blows from high pressure area to low pressure area. This is called cyclone.

When temperature of an area drops suddenly the air pressure increases. Then high pressure creates at the centre and a high pressure creates at the surrounding zones. In this situation air blows from centre to outwards. As the condition is just opposite of that of cyclone. So it is called the Anti cyclone.

Question 4.
Describe Ferrell’s Law.
Answer:
One type of force acts on any free flowing object on the earth for the revolution of earth. This deflects the direction of the moving objects. At the time of flowing from high pressure zone to low pressure zone the wind deflects towards right in the Northern hemisphere and to the left in Southern hemisphere for this reason. This is known as Ferrell’s Law.

Question 5.
What is Summer Monsoon wind and Winter monsoon wind?
Answer:
Monsoon winds blows through the Indian peninsula. In summer when the land get heated quickly by the sunrays the low pressure belt creates. But the water of Indian ocean remains cooler then and high pressure creates over there. Thus the moisture laten winds blows from ocean to land mass in :ummer which is called Summer Monsoon Wind.

In winter the landmass cools rcadily by radiating the sun heat and create high pressure belt over there. The water of Indian ocoan remains cooler, hotter then and low pressure belt creates there. Therfore, dry cool air tlows from land to sea in winter which is called winter monsoon wind.

Question 6.
What is permanent winds? Classify permanent winds. The winds that blow horizo”tally through out the year in the same direction at uniform speed are calied permanent winds.
Answer:
There are three types of permanent winds Trade wind, westerlies, Polar wints. Trade wind : The winds that blow from Northern and Southern Tropical high pressure belts to equatorial low pressere belt regularly, throughout the year are called Trade wind.
Westerlies : The winds that blow from Northern and Southern Tropikeal High pressure belt to Northern and Southern subpolar belts are called Westerlies. Polar winds The hot and dry winds blow from polar high pressure belt to subpolar low pressure belt in both hemisphere are called Polar wind.

Question 7.
What is Periodic winds? Compare Sea Brecze and Land Breeze.
Answer:
The winds that blow in a particular time in the year or a particuler time of a day are called Periodic winds.
Sea Breeze : The cool breeze that blows from sea to land in the afternoon or evening is called Sea Breeze. The difference between the air pressure of land and sea is responsible for the wind blowing.
Land Breeze : The land gets heated quickly and becomes cool by raducting the heat than the water mass. At night when the land entirely cools down the water still retain some heat and is warmer. A low pressure belt creates on the water and wind blows from land to sea at night which is called Land Breeze.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 3 Rocks offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Question Answer – Rocks

Textbook Page no. 23.

Question 1.
Why are crystals not formed in sedimentery rocks?
Answer:
The hardness of the sedimentery rock is less than igneous rock. Therefore, sedimentery rocks do not have crystalline structure.

Question 2.
Why are fossils not found in igneous rocks?
Answer:
Due to excessive pressure and heat the inagma from earth’s interior comes out as lava and solidifies either on the earth’s surface or in the earth chamber to form igneous rock. So the fossil is not found.

Question 3.
From which type of rock is extraction of minerals convenient and why?
Answer:
In sedimentary rock mining is easy. Near about 7-10 crore years ago many organisms got burried under the layer of the sedimentary rocks. For the excessive pressure of upper layer and heat of the earth chamber the remaining parts of the body changes into the solution of hydrogen and carbon and different types of minerals are formed. So only the porous layer of sedimentery rock is called the store house of the minerals.

Textbook Page no. 26.

Question 1.
Which rocks are laid between and near a pair of railway tracks? Why are these rocks found here?
Answer:
In between railway track generally granite is found. It is because granite is very much resistant to erosion.

Question 2.
why does a piece of granite glitter?
Answer:
Glittering substance like mica is present in granite. This is because granite glitters.

Question 3.
Which rock is used to make a pencil lead?
Answer:
The lead of the pencil is made up of graphite, a metamorphic rock.

Question 4.
I am glittery, black or white. I am soft and malleable. I am a main constituent mineral of Granite. Can you say who I am?
Answer:
Quartz.

Identify me Page no. 27.

Question 1.
I have a smooth and attractive appearance. I am used in making floors. I have been used in constructing famous archetectural landmarks including the Victoria Memorial.
Answer:
Marble.

Question 2.
I am a very hard, fine grained grey black rock. I am commonly used in constructing roads. Water can easily pass through me.
Answer:
Gneiss.

Match the following :
Answer:

1. Limestone	Stalactite.
2. Sandstone	Sedimentary Rock.
3. Granite	Rounded dand form.
4. Great pressure	A cause of metamorphosis of rock.
5. Basalt	Flat topped landform.
6. Marble	Metamorphic rock.
7. Potassium	Plagioclase Feldsper.
8. Calcium Sulphate	Gypsum.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Question Answer West Bengal Board – Rocks

Multiple Choice Questions& Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
The characteristics of landform formed by Granite-
i) cavesquare
ii) flatsquare
iii) roundsquare
iv) steep slope
Answer:
iii) round.

Question 2.
The characteristics of landform formed by basalt-
i) cavesquare
ii) flatsquare
iii) roundsquare
iv) steep slope
Answer:
ii) flat.

Question 3.
The characteristics of landform formed by limestone-
i) cavesquare
ii) flatsquare
iii) roundsquare
iv) steep slope
Answer:
i) cave.

Question 4.
The characteristics of landform formed by sandstone-
i) cavesquare
ii) flatsquare
iii) roundsquare
iv) steep slope
Answer:
iv) steep slope

Question 5.
Slate is used in making-
i) cementsquare
ii) blackboardsquare
iii) iron industrysquare
iv) roads
Answer:
ii) blackboarc

Question 6.
Peat coal can be metamorphosed to graphite due to-
i) great pressuresquare
ii) chemical reactionsquare
iii) great heatsquare
iv) none of these
Answer:
iii) great heat

Question 7.
Amphibolite is the metamorphosed form of-
i) granitesquare
ii) sandstonesquare
iii) peat coalsquare
iv) mud stone
Answer:
i) granite

Question 8.
Victoria Memorial is made of-
i) granitesquare
ii) basattsquare
iii) mudstonesquare
iv) marble
Answer:
iv) marble

Question 9.
Fossils are found only in-
i) igneous rocks
ii) metamorphic rocks
iii) sedimentary rocks
Answer:
iii) sedimentary rocks

Question 10.
Sorrect metamorphosed form is-
i) graniterightarrow marble
ii) limestonerightarrow graphite
iii) sandstonerightarrow amphibolitesquare,
iv) basaltrightarrow amphibolite
Answer:
iv) basaltrightarrow amphibolite

Correct the wrong : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
The extrusive igneous rocks are generally fine grained because lavas after coming over the surface are slowly cooled and solidify.
Answer:
The extrusive igneous rocks are generally fine grained because lavas after coming over the surface are quickly cooled and solidify.

Question 2.
The amount of basic oxide in peridotite rock as 55%-45%.
Answer:
The amount of basic oxide in peridotite rock is more than 55%.

Question 3.
Andresite is one type of intrusive igneous rock.
Answer:
Andresite is one type of extrusive igneous rock.

Question 4.
Land forms developed on the regions of granite rock are mainly of round shaped.
Answer:
Land forms developed on the regions of granite rock are mainly of flat shaped.

Question 5.
The granite is composed of otvin and pyroxene.
Answer:
The granite is composed of mica and hornblends.

Question 6.
Igneous rocks are the store house of coal, petroleum and natural gas.
Answer:
Sedimentary rocks are the store house of coal petroleun and natural gas.

Question 7.
High permeability increases the water retaining capacity.
Answer:
High permeability reduces the water retaining capacity.

Question 8.
Fossil is found in metamorphic rocks.
Answer:
Fossil is found in sedimentary rocks.

Question 9.
Chemically formed sedimentary rock is conglomerate.
Answer:
Mechanically formed sedimentary rock is conglomerate.

Question 10.
Limestone is resistant to erosion and less permeable.
Answer:
Limestone is not resistant to erosion and highly permeable.

Question 11.
Bright crystalline structure is found in sedimentary rocks.
Answer:
Bright crystalline structure is found in igneous rocks.

Question 12.
Gneiss is harder than granite.
Answer:
Gneiss is less harder than granite.

Question 13.
The region predominated by limestone is suitable for constructing high rise building, roads etc.
Answer:
The region predominated by granite is suitable for constructing highrise building, roads etc.

Question 14.
Quartz is used for making glass.
Answer:
Quartz is used for cutting glass.

Question 15.
Mica is good conductor of heat and electricity.
Answer:
Mica is poor conductor of heat and electricity.

Question 16.
In Mah’s scale the value of harlness of diamond is 8.
Answer:
In Mah’s scale the value of hardness of diamond is 10.

Question 17.
The main element of plagioclase feldsper is Potassium.
Answer:
The main element of plagioclase feldspar is Sodium.

Question 18.
The main occupation of Chotanagpur plateau region is agriculture.
Answer:
The main occupation of Chotanagpur plateau region is mining and mine-based industry.

Question 19.
The soil derrived from basalt rock is infertile.
Answer:
The soil derrived from basalt rock is suitable for wheat and cotton.

Question 20.
The grains of sandy soil is smaller.
Answer:
The grains of sandy soil is bigger.

Question 21.
Sandy soil is found in North Indian plain.
Answer:
Alluvial soil is found in North Indian plain.

Question 22.
The fertility of clayey soil is more.
Answer:
The fertility of clayey soil is medium.

State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)

1. In Mah’s scale the mineral with value of hardness 7 is Quartz.
2. Limestone disolves in water:
3. Sandstone is used in architectural works.
4. The colour of shale may be yellow, red, orange, pink etc.
5. Rocks can be metamorphosed in different ways.
6. When sedimentary rock metamorphosed it becomes brittle.
7. Marble is the metamorphosed form of limestone.
a. It is easy to mine from marble.
9. The metamorphosed form of sandstone is Qurartzite.
10. No landform is found in the limestone dominated region.
11. Feldspar is as smooth as slate.
12. Mica is used for making glass.
13. Regolith is the main composition of soil formation.
14. The soil made up of basalt is white.
15. The alluvial soil is the most suitable for agriculture.
Answer:
1 true
2. false
3. true
4. false
5. true
6. false
7. true
8. false
9. true
10. false
11. true
12. false
13. true
14 false
15. true

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. __________ is a clastic rock.
2. Crystal may be __________ or hexagonal in shape.
3. Cometite is a _______ rock.
4. The diameter of the particle of gabbro is _________ mm.
5. The continental plate is made up of _________.
6. The chief constituent minerals of Basalt is _________.
7. __________ are found is sedimentery rock.
8. High _________ reduces the water retaining capacity of rocks.
9. ________ is the sedimentery rock of silicate.
10. The golden fort of Joysalmeer is made up of ___________.
11. Graphite is the _________ form of peat coal.
12. The example of a rock with fine grains is ___________.
13. Sedimentery rocks become less ________ when metamorphosed.
14. Marble readily melts in _________
15. ___________ is not as hard as ganite.
16. Sometimes lime formation may rise from the cave floors which is called ________.
17. For the construction high rise buildings and road the region with __________ is suitable.
18. Diamond is metamorphosed torm of __________.
19. Most of the rock forming minerals is made up of ________ eliment.
20. Mica may be of the white ____________.
21. Mica is _________ of heat and electricity.
22. ____________ is a hydrated crystal of Calcium Sulphate.
23. The influence of __________ is verv much evident in nature.
24. The soil predominated by Zypsum is soft and ___________ in colour.
25. The main occupation in Chotanagpur plateau region is mining and __________.
26. Characteristic features of a soil usually depend on the ____________ of the layer of rock underneath.
27. Soil derived from Basalt is suitable for growing ___________.
28. The soil derived from _________ is found in Chotanagpur plateat.
29. Grains of minerals are very _________.
Answer:
1. conglomerate
2. cubic
3. ultra basic rock
4. 3, 5. granite
6. Pyroxene
7. layers
8. permeability
9. flint
10. sandstone
11. metamorphose
12. mudstone
13. brittle
14. acid
15. granite
16. stalagmites
17, granite rock
18. carbon
19.8,20. muscovite
21. poor conductor
22. zypsum
23. mineral
24. light yellow
25. mining based industry
26. nature
27. wheat and cotton
28. granite
29. fine.

Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) In igneous rocks	i) crosion resistant rock
b) Sedimentery rocks	ii) porous sedimentary rocks
c) Basalt is highly	iii) mainly from basalt
d) Sand remains loose and light	iv) crystalline structure is found
e) Shale is widely used	i) heat and electricity
f) Petrolium is available only in the	ii) are highly permeable
g) Constracting dams in a limestone	iii) of calcium sulphate
h) Black soil is made	iv) when it is dry
i) Gypsum is a hydrated crystal	i) terrain is not the right thing to do
j) Mics is a poor conductor of	ii) in making roof-tiles of buildings

Answer:
a) In igneous rocks crystalline structure is found.
b) Sedimentery rocks are highly permeable.
c) Basalt is highly erosion resistant rock.
d) Sand remains loose and light when it is dry.
e) Shale is widely used in making roof-tiles of buildings.
f) Petrolium is available only in the porous sedimentary rocks.
g) Constracting dams in a limestone terrain is not the right thing to do.
h) Black soil is made mainly from basalt.
i) Gypsum is a hydrated crystal of calcium sulphate.
j) Mics is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.

Very Short Questions& Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
How can be igneous rock divided according to origin?
Answer:
According to origin igneous rock is of two types.

Question 2.
Name an extrusive igneous rock.
Answer:
Basalt.

Question 3.
Name a hypabyssal igneous rock.
Answer:
Dolorite

Question 4.
At what percent Silica is present in acidic rock?
Answer:
More than 60%.

Question 5.
What is the diameter of the particle of extrusive rock?
Answer:
‘ess than 1 mm.

Question 6.
At what amount basic oxide is present in acidic rock?
Answer:
More than 55%

Question 7.
How are the lasdforms developed with granite rock?
Answer:
Round shaped.

Question 8.
How are the land forms developed with basalt rock?
Answer:
Flat shaped.

Question 9.
What is the diameter of the particle of hypabyssal rocks.
Answer:
More than 3 mm.

Question 10.
Which rocks have high permeability?
Answer:
Sandstone.

Question 11.
In which rock layer mineral oil and natural gas are found?
Answer:
Only in porous sedimentary rock.

Question 12.
Name a sedimentary rock iron stone typed.
Answer:
Haematite.

Question 13.
What is rock?
Answer:
Rocks are homogenous or heterogenous aggregates of one or more minerals.

Question 14.
What minerals the granite rock is composed with?
Answer:
Granite rock is composed with quartz, feldsper. mica and hornblends.

Question 15.
What minerals the limestone is composed with?
Answer:
Limestone is composed with calcite.

Question 16.
What is petrology?
Answer:
The special branch of science which deals with the rocks and their characteristics is known as petrology.

Question 17.
What is mineralogy?
Answer:
The branch of science which deals with minerals is called mineralogy.

Question 18.
What is the other name of igneous rocks?
Answer:
The other name of igneous rock is primary rocks.

Question 19.
Why is the grains of extrusive igneous rock are generally fine?
Answer:
The grains of extrusive igneous rock are generally fine because lavas after coming over the surface are quickly cooled and solidified.

Question 20.
What are the different types of intrusive igneous rocks.
Answer:
The different types of intrusive igneous rocks are hypabyssal and plutonic.

Question 21.
What type of rock is dolerite?
Answer:
Dolerite is one type of hypabyssal igneous rock.

Question 22.
How are crystals formed in igneous rocks?
Answer:
Crystals are formed as the atoms of the mineral water which remain in like veins after cooling of the rock.

Question 23.
Name some crystals.
Answer:
Some crystals are quartz. topaz, calcite. diamond.

Question 24.
What is the shape of the crystal?
Answer:
Crystals are either crystal or hexagonal in shape.

Question 25.
Give an example of intermediate rock? What amount of basic acid is present in it.
Answer:
An example of intermediate rock is andesite in whiç basic oxide is 45-35%.

Question 26.
At what amount of Silica is present in peridotite rock?
Answer:
More than 45% of silica is present in peridotite.

Question 27.
What type of rock is kimberlite.
Answer:
Kimberlite is ultra basic rocks.

Question 28.
What is the diameter of Granite rock?
Answer:
The diameter of granite rock is more than 3 mm.

Question 29.
What are the rock forming minerals of basalt?
Answer:
The chief constituent minerals of basalt are feldspar, olivin and pyroxene.

Question 30.
What is the diameter of the particle of Micro-diorite?
Answer:
The diameter of the particle of micro-diorite is 1-3 mm.

Question 31.
What is permeability?
Answer:
Permeability means penetration of liquid and gaseous substances through the rock.

Question 32.
What is porosity?
Answer:
Porosity means the ratio between the voids and total volume of a given rock mas.

Question 33.
Give an example of pyroelastic rock.
Answer:
An example of pyroelastic rock is tuff.

Question 34.
Name a chemically formed sedimentary rock.
Answer:
A chemically formed sedimentery rock is Gypsum.

Question 35.
What is diatom?
Answer:
Diatom is organically formed sedimentary rock.

Question 36.
Name a calcareous sedimentery rock.
Answer:
Limestone.

Question 37.
What is the scientific name of limestone?
Answer:
Calcium Carbonate.

Question 38.
How is limestone used?
Answer:
Limestone is used as a raw material in making cement and in iron and steel industry.

Question 39.
With which stone the Khajuraho temple is made?
Answer:
The Khajuraho temple is made up of sandstone.

Question 40.
Which rock is used to make roof tiles?
Answer:
Slate is used to make roof tiles.

Question 41.
How is slate formed ‘slab?
Answer:
Under tremendous pressure slab metamorphoses to form slate.

Question 42.
What is phyllite?
Answer:
Phyllite is one type of slate.

Question 43.
Into which peat coal is transformed?
Answer:
Peat coal is transformed into Graphite.

Question 44.
Which rock is used for making black board.
Answer:
Slate is used for making black board.

Question 45.
Which rock is used for the construction of road?
Answer:
Metamorphic rock, Granite is used for the construction of road.

Question 46.
Name an acidic rock.
Answer:
An acidic rock is Basalt.

Question 47.
Is the Decan plateau is the part of Decan trap?
Answer:
The dalite like land from with flat top at Panchagani Mahabaleshwar region is the part of Decan trap of Decan plateau.

Question 48.
What is Stalactites and Stalagmites?
Answer:
Stalactites and Stalagmites are limestone cave.

Question 49.
Where is granite rock found?
Answer:
Granite rock is found in entire Chotanagpur region including Ranchi.

Question 50.
Why is constructing dams and reservoirs in a limestone terrain is not the right thing to do?
Answer:
It is because rivers or rain water can crode limestone by solution. So the dam may easily crack.

Question 51.
In which region multistoried buildings and excessive length of road are not advisable?
Answer:
Multistoried buildings and excessive length of road are not advisable in limestone terrains.

Question 52.
What is the colour of ortho claye?
Answer:
Pink.

Question 53.
Name the rock forming minerals.
Answer:
Silicon, Oxygen.

Question 54.
Which mineral is used for making ornaments and cutting glass and stone?
Answer:
Quartz.

Question 55.
What is the main element of Plagioclase feldspar?
Answer:
The main element of plagioclase feldsper is Sodium.

Question 56.
What is the element of orthoclase?
Answer:
The main element of orthoclase is Potassium.

Question 57.
What is the use of feldspar?
Answer:
Feldspar is used in glass and ceramic industry.

Question 58.
Name a soft mineral.
Answer:
Zypsum.

Question 59.
What is Malı’s scale?
Answer:
Mah’s scale of hardness measures the hardness of minerals.

Question 60.
What is the hardness of corundum measured in Mah’s scale?
Answer:
The hardness of Corundum in Mah’s scale is 9.

Question 61.
How is the soil in the region with Gypsum?
Answer:
The soil is soft light yellowish in the region with Gypsum.

Question 62.
Name a soil with excessive mineral.
Answer:
Laterite soil and red soil.

Question 63.
Why is the soil, made up of granite, red?
Answer:
This is because the oxide of iron present in this soil at high amount.

Question 64.
What type of soil found in the desertic area of Rajasthan?
Answer:
Sandy soil.

Question 65.
Where is Mangrove forest found?
Answer:
Mangrove forest is found at the sea coast with saline soil.

Short Questions & Answers : (2 marks for each question)

Question 1.
Mention one difference of homogeneus and heterogeneus mixture.
Answer:
In homogeneus mixture all elements remain in equal ratio everywhere but in heterogeneus mixture all the elements lie in equal ratio in different places.

Question 2.
What is fossil? In which rock fossil is found?
Answer:
Marine plants and animals sometimes come within the beds of the sediments during compaction of layers to form sedimentery rock. Later dead remains of the organism leave their imprint into the layers of sediment after being solidified. This is called fossils.

Question 3.
What is rock cycle?
Answer:
In nature the formation of rocks and transformation of rocks have occured in cycling way in a specific method. The complete cyclic process of formation of rocks and their changes frum one type to the other is called the rock cycle.

Question 4.
What is regolith?
Answer:
Natural agents like river wind, rainfall, sea-waves, glacier etc. degrade rocks and minerals over a long time to form loose deleres of rock. This delere’s then interacts naturally with water air and organic matter to form soil. This delere’s of degraded rocks is called regolith.

why the Chotanagur Plateau is called ‘the store house of minerals’.
Answer:
Chotanagpur Plateau in India is rich in minerals like iron, copper, bauxite, manganese, dolomite etc. So it is called the storehouse of minerals’.

Question 6.
What is limestone?
Answer:
Limestone is a calcareous sedimentary rock. It is not generally soluble in water. But it gets readily dissolved in rainwater or acid solutions when it is transformed to calcium bicarbonate. Limestone may be white, grey, green or blackish in colour.

Question 7.
What is sandstone?
Answer:
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock rich in sand. It is resistant to erosion in spite of being highly porous and permeable. Architects use it in making epitaphs and monuments. It is yellow, orange, red, pink, white or grey in colour.

Question 8.
What is Marble?
Answer:
Marble is the metamorphosed form of lime stone. It is smoothy, glittery and attractive. It is available in a wide variety of colours including white, green, grey, yellow and blue. It is extensively used by architects.

Question 9.
What is slate?
Answer:
It is the metamorphosed form of mudstone or shale. It is smooth and biuish grey to black in colour. It is arranged into thin layers and can be easily broken. They are used in making oof tiles and blackboards and can be used as a surface for writing.

Question 10.
What is gneiss?
Answer:
This is a hard and resistant rock. The minerals in it are often arranged in bands. So this is called a banded rock. Extarcting a certain mineral from it is thus convenient. This rock is widely used to make roads and in other constructions.

Question 11.
What is quarz?
Answer:
Quartz is very hard, often whitish and hexagonal crystals. It is the main constituent of granite and Basalt. These rocks are very resistant to erosion due to the presence of quartz in them. It is used as stone cutter, glass cutter and in ornaments.

Question 12.
What is mica?
Answer:
Mica is lustrous, smooth, flaky and brittle in nature. It may be of the 1 , hite Muscovite or black Biotite varieties. Its presence gives granite its luster. Mica is a conductor of heat and electricity. It is used in preparing electrical goods.

Question 13.
What is shale?
Answer:
It is a sedimentary rock rich in clay. It is blackish grey in colour. Thin layers are seen in it. It is soft snd brittle rock. This rock is widely used in making roof-tiles of buildings.

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
Write a short note on Igneous Rock.
Answer:
It is also known as Primary rocks as these were the first rocks to originate on earth. This is also called primary rock. According to origin igneous rock is of two types Intrusive and Extrusive igneous rocks. Extrusive igneous rocks are generally fine grained besause lava after coming over the surfsce, is quickly cooled and solidified e.g-basalt, obsedian. When the rising magma foes not reach the earth’s surface, butis cooled and solidified below the surface of the earth, it is called intrusive igneous rock e.g-granite, dolerite.

Question 2.
Write a short note on sedimentary rock.
Answer:
Sediments and debris derived from the source through erosion snd transportation by natural agents of erosion like river, glacier, wind, sea waves are deposited under the water. Thus this types of rocks are called sedimentary rocks. Chalk, sandstone, mudstone are the example of sedimentary rocks. Layer and mud cracks are found in this rocks. Fossils are found in this rocks. These rocks are porous and also fragile. This type of rocks are highly permeable. Different sedimentary rocks have different degree of erosion resistant capacity. Sedimentary rock is the store house of coal, petroleum and natural gas. On the basis of composition sedimentary rocks are classifed into three groups i) mechanically formed sedimentary rocks, ii) Chemically formed sedimentary rocks, iii) Organically formed sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary are also classified according to the origin. Those are : i) Clastic rocks. ii) Non-clastic rocks.

Question 3.
Write a short note on metamorphic rock.
Answer:
Metamorphic rocks are formed by changing the physical and chemical characters of igneous and sedimentary rocks due to influence of great heat and pressure.
Metamorphic rocks may be crystalline. When an igneous change into metamorphic rocks, it is smoother, more lustrous and more crystalline. When a sedimentary rocks changes into metamorphic rocks it becomes less brittle. Besides, great heat and pressure erase out the fossils in a sedimentary rocks during metamorphism. Marble, slate are common metamorphic rocks.

Question 4.
What is rock cycle? Explain.
Answer:
The magma of asthenosphere comes out on the earth surface after eruption and flows of lava. Then cools to form igneous rock, or cools and solidify in the earth chamber to form igneous rocks. In due course of time the igneous rocks get eroded and accumulate under the sea, lake, ocean. After a long period of time this sediment changes this sedimentary rocks then this igneous rocks or sedimentary rocks change into metamorphic rock due to great heat, pressure or chemical reaction. Later for tiectonic movement the rocks may be brough back to interior of this earth where they melt and recycle as magma. Origin of rocks andtheir transformations and metamorphosis goes on in a cycle. The complete recycle process of formation of rocks and there change from one type to other is called the rock cycle.

Question 5.
What is the influence of mineral in soil?
Answer:
The influence of mineráls in nature is very distinct. The surface of the soil rich in iron and bauxite is very hard and red in colour. On the other hand soil, rich in Zypsum is soft and yellow in colour. Soil, rich in soft calcite, is erosion-prone. The places, where the mineral oil is found, are made up of porous, permiable sedimentary rocks. The soil with exclusive miniral is not fit for agriculture.

Question 6.
Write about formation of soil from rocks.
Answer:
For the action of different natural agents like river, wind, rainfall, ocean current, glacier current, the rock forming minerals are eroded and exist as the rock particle which mixes with water, air and different organic matter later and forms soil. The soil made up of basalt rock is black and is found in the Decan plateau region of India. The sandy soil is form in this that region with sandstone.

The colour of the soil is light, yellowish to grayish brown. The soil is not fit for agriculture. Sandy oil is found in the desertic region Rajasthan. In alluvial soil grains of the minerals are very fine. This type of soil is very fit for agriculture. The soil of North Indian plain is some in nature. The soil which is enrich with iron and Aluminium oxide excessively is called Laterite soil. This type of soil is not fertile. Laterite soil is found in Chota Nagpur and Meghalaya plateaus. Saline soil is found at the sea coast. Mangrove vegetation grows in this soil. This soil is found in the Sundarban region of West Bengal.

Question 7.
What is Karst Topography?
Answer:
There are natural caves in Cherrapunji-Mawsynram. Narrow, pointed, rocky structures hang from the seiling in these caves. These are limestone caves. The lime formations hanging from the roof are called Stalactites. Sometimes similar lime formations may rise from the cave floors. They are called Stalagmites. Rising Stalagmites and drooping Stalactites may join to form limestone pillars. This typical assemblage of landform is called Krast Topography.

Question 8.
Write three characteristics of igneous rocks.
Answer:
Three characteristics of igneous rocks-
i. Joints and cracks are very common in these rocks, so these are highly permeable.
ii. Crystaline structure is found.
iii. The Colour of these rocks vary from light to dark.

Question 9.
Write three characteristics of sedimentary rocks.
Answer:
Three characteristics of sedimentary rocks-
i. Layers and mudcracks are found in this type of rocks.
ii. Different sedimentary rocks have different capacity to resist c.osion.
iii. Reserves of coal, petroleum and natural gas are found within these rocks.

Question 10.
Write three characteristics of metamorphic rocks.
Answer:
Three characteristics of metamorphic rocks-
i. Metamorphism usually hardens igneous and sedimentary rocks.
ii. Igneous rocks get smoother, morelustrous and more crystalline with metamorplifsm.
iii. Sedimentary rocks become less brittle when metamorphosed.