Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 11 Oceania offer valuable context and analysis.
WBBSE Class 8 Geography Chapter 11 Question Answer – Oceania
Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1. merk for each question)
Question 1.
According to size Oceania is-
i) largest
ii) mediun
iii) large
iv) smallest
Answer:
iv) smaliest
Question 2.
Australia and New Zealand lies in –
i) northern hemisphere
ii) southern henisphere
iii) eastern hemisphere
iv) wéstern hemisphere
Answer:
iii) southern hemisphere
Question 3.
Marshall, Nauru, Guam etc are major islands of
i) Micronesia
ii) Polynesia
iii) Australasia
iv) Melanesia
Answer:
i) Micronesia
Question 4.
Fiji, New Guinea ete are major islands of-
i) Micronesia
ii) Polynesia
iii) Australasia
iv) Melanesia
Answer:
iv) Melanesia
Question 5.
The Great Barrier Reef is a-
i) saline lake
ii) coral reef
iii) mountain range
iv) Artesian well
Answer:
ii) coral reef
Question 6.
In 1770 anchored in the eastern coast of Austrslia-
i) Ferdinand Magellan
ii) Abel Tasman
iii) James Cook
Answer:
iii) James Cook
Question 7.
The range lies the east coast of Australia-
i) Coast Range
ii) Great Deviding Range
iii) Caseate Range
Answer:
ii) Great Deviding Range
Question 8.
In producing wool Australia’s position in the world –
i) first
ii) second
iii) third
iv) fourth
Answer:
i) first.
Question 9.
The most prosperous region of Australia is –
i) London tasin
ii) Murray Darling basin
iii) Lake Eyre basin
Answer:
ii) Murray Darling basin.
Question 10.
Longest river of New Zealand-
i) Waikate
ii) Clutha
iii) Fly
iv) Hunte:
Answer:
i) Waikato
Question 11.
Longest river of Oceania-
i) Waikate
ii) Clutha
iii) Fly
iv) Mnrray-Darling
Answer:
iv) Murray-Darling
Question 12.
Source of Fly river is-
i) Wanaka Lake
ii) Australian Alps
iii) Victor Emanuel Range
iv) Great Dividing Range
Answer:
iii) Victor Emanuel Range
Question 13.
Islands of Melanesia, Polyncsia and Micronesia experiance-
i) equatorial olimate
ii) tropical monsoon climate
iii) temperate climate
iv) mediterranean climate
Answer:
i) equatorial climate
Question 14.
Tasmania and Now Zealamd experiance-
i) Temperate climate
ii) British elimate
iii) Equatorial climate
iv) Semi-arid climate
Answer:
i) Britist ctimatio
Question 15.
Temperate grasslant is foumt in-
i) northern part of Australia
i) southern Austratia
iii) west of Great Dividing Range
iv) Tasmania and kew Zealand
Answer:
iii) west of Grat Dividing Range
State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)
1. The number of Inaguages in Oceania is 28.
2. In 1789 rebellers of British Royal Navy settled permanently in Pitcairn island.
3. Gold mine is found in Australia.
4. The old fold mountain is Leverpool Range.
5. In oceania sovereign nations are 14 and dependent territorie are 21.
6. The Great Deviding Range is the highest peak of Australia.
7. The largest coral reef is Mt Cook.
8. The highest peak of New Zeland is Mt Ekerest.
19. Mt. cook is the highest peak of the world.
10. Ruapehu is the highest peak of Oceania.
11. Tropical grassland is known as Parkland Savanna.
12. Mediterranean grassland is calHed Downs.
13. Broken Hill is known as the ‘city of Silver?
14. In British clinate the westerlies cause heayy shower througkout the year.
15. In Murray darling bisin the average height varies 200-400 metre.
16. Murray originates fiom Australian Alphs.
17. Mediterranean ve fetation can be seen in Adelaide area.
18. Australia occupies second position in beef production.
19. Adelaide is the main trade and industria! centre of Murray Darling basin.
20. Total height of Mauna Loa is more than Mount Everest.
Answer:
1. true
2. true
3. true
4. false
5. true
6. false
7. false
8. false
9. false
10. false
11. true
12. false
13. true
14. true
15. false
16. true
17. true
18. false
19. true
20. true
Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)
1. Australia is divided into _____ physiographic regions.
2. The grassland of Murray Darling basin is known as ____.
3. ______ is a famous port near the mouth of Murray Darling river.
4. The highest peak of New Zealand is ______.
5. The longest river of New Zealand is ______.
6. Norfolk is a major island of ______.
7. ______ is the largest glacial lake in mountainous regions of New zealand.
8. Hobart is a city of ______.
9. The islands of Melanasia is ______ in notable.
10. Hawai, Tonga, Cook are major islands of ______.
11. In ______ century Ferdinand Magellan found out the famous island Marinus.
12. The old fold mountain is ______.
13. The highest peak of New England Range is ______.
14. Great Sandy desert is situsted in ______ platean of Oceania.
15. _____ is the highest peak of the world.
16. The longest river of Ocenia is ______ of Australia.
17. The longest river of New Zealand is _____.
18. Tall grasses grow in ______ northern part of Australia.
19. At the _____ part of Australia forest have been grown.
20. The river Murray originates from ______ mountain.
21. Broad leaf, deciduous trees are seen in forests of ______.
22. Australia ias occupicd ____ position in producing wool.
Answer:
1. four.
2. Downs
3. Aclelaide
4. Mt (ook
5. Waikato
6. Melanesia
7. Taupo
8. Australia
9. Fiji
10. polynesia
11. sixieenth
12. Great dividing Range
13. Mt Kosciuszko
14. western
15. Mt Everest
16. Murray-Darling
17. Waikato
18. Parkland Savana
19. southern
20. Australian Alps
21. eastern Austrlia
22. first
Match the column A with column B.
| Column A | Column B |
| a) Smallest country of Oceania | i) is the largest river of Oceania |
| b) Largest country of Oceania | ii) in Polynesia |
| c) Murray-Darling river | iii) evergreen forest grows |
| d) Hawaii is situated | iv) rain occurs during winter |
| e) Mt Kosciuszko | v) is Australia |
| f) Cooper ia an | vi) in Papua New Guinea |
| g) In Melanasia, Micronesia, Polynesia | vii) is 3164 m. |
| h) In Mediterranean climate | viii) is Nauru |
| i) The height of Mount Cook | ix) is the highest peak of Australia |
| j) Mt Wilhelm is situated | x) inland river |
Answer:
a) Smallest country of Oceania is Nauru.
b) Largest country of Oceania is Australia.
c) Murray-Darling river is the largest river of Oceania.
d) Hawaii is situated in Polynesia.
e) Mt Kosciuszko is the highest peak of Australia.
f) Cooper ia an inland river.
g) In Melanasia, Micronesia, Polynesia evergreen forest grows.
h) In Mediterranean climate rain occurs during winter.
i) The height of Mount Cook is 3164 m.
j) Mt Wilhelm is situated in Papua New Guinea.
Very Short Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)
Question 1.
Where is the continent Occania located?
Answer:
Oceania lies between 15° north latitude in north and 47° south latitude in south and 114° east longitude in the west and 139° west latitude in the east.
Question 2.
What is the highest peak of Australia?
Answer:
Mt Kosciuszko of New England Range (2234 m) is the highest peak of Australia.
Question 3.
How is Oceania composed up?
Answer:
Oceania is composed up many small and large islands like Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Fiji, New Caledonia, gnam, Marshall etc.
Question 4.
How is Oceania devided?
Answer:
Oceania is devided into to four groups-i) Australia, ii) Melanesia, iii) Micronesia and iv) Polynesia.
Question 5.
What is the area of Oceania?
Answer:
8,525,989 sq km.
Question 6.
State the boundary of Oceania.
Answer:
To the north of Oceania there are gulf of Carpentaria and Temor sea, to the south there is southern ocean, Pacific Ocean lies to the east and Indian Ocean to the west.
Question 7.
Name the highest peak of Oceania.
Answer:
Mit Wilhelm (4509 m) of Papua New Guinea.
Question 8.
Name the largest river of Oceania.
Answer:
Australia’s Murray-Darling river (3752 km).
Question 9.
What is great Barrier reer?
Answer:
Under the sea the world’s largest coral reef extends parallel to the north-east coast of Austratia which is known as great Barrier Reef.
Question 10.
In what direction of Australia, New Zealand is located?
Answer:
New Zealand is located to the South-East of Australia.
Question 11.
What are the islands New Zealand is comprised off?
Answer:
New Zealand is comprised of North and South islands. Stewart, Chatham etc and other small islands.
Question 12.
What is this highest peak of New Zealand?
Answer:
Mount cook (3164 mt) of South Alps.
Question 13.
Where is Cook strait located?
Answer:
The Cook strait lies in between North and South island.
Question 14.
Whe was Abel Tasman?
Answer:
Abel Tasman was a Dutch navigator.
Question 15.
What is called the Suitzerland of South?
Answer:
Some part of north New Zealand is ealled the Switzerland of south because of the pleasant weather and natural beauty.
Question 16.
In which part of Australia Darling river is located?
Answer:
To the South east part of Australia.
Question 17.
What is the location of Murray Darting river basin?
Answer:
The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the area are 24° S to 39° S and 138° E to 149° E respectively.
Question 18.
What is the area of Murray Darling river basin?
Answer:
The area is 1,061,469 km<sup>2</sup>
Question 19.
What are the main rivers of Murray-Darling river basin?
Answer:
Murray and Darling are the two main rivers.
Question 20.
What is Downs?
Answer:
A wide grassland of small grasses is found to the West of Great Dividing Range. This is called Downs.
Question 21.
What is the climate of Murray Darling river basin?
Answer:
The climate is temperate type.
Question 22.
What are the different trees found in Murray Darling basin?
Answer:
Oak, Paplar, bairch etc.
Question 23.
What are the main agricultural crops of Murray-Darling river basin?
Answer:
Main agricultural crop is wheat.
Question 24.
What are the cattles reared in Murray Darling basin?
Answer:
Good breed sheep like merino, lincoln, marsh are reaved in Downs grassland of Murray Darling basin.
Question 25.
What are the minerals found in Murray Darling basin?
Answer:
Silver, lead, gold, copper, tin are found is Murray-Darling basin.
Question 26.
Which is called ‘Silver city’?
Answer:
Broken Hill is called ‘Silver City’.
Question 27.
Name a active Valcano of Oceania.
Answer:
Mauna Loa.
Question 28.
Name another active Volcano of Oceania.
Answer:
Ruapehu.
Question 29.
Name a river of Papua New Guinea.
Answer:
Fly.
Question 30.
What is the name of famous coral reef of Australia?
Answer:
Great Barrier Reef.
Question 31.
In which continent cangaroo is found?
Answer:
Australia.
Question 32.
Which island is known as Great Reef?
Answer:
Fiji island.
Question 33.
What is the world’s deepest Trench?
Answer:
Mariana Trench.
Question 34.
In which hemisphere Australia and New Zealand located?
Answer:
Southern hemisphere.
Question 35.
In which country Murray-Darling basin is located?
Answer:
Australia.
Question 36.
Name a port of Murray-Darling basin.
Answer:
Adelaide.
Question 37.
Which straight separetes Tasmania from Australia?
Answer:
Bass straight.
Question 38.
What is Jackos?
Answer:
The labours who work in the cattle rearing farm are called Jackos?
Question 39.
What is the population of Occania?
Answer:
3,51,62,670 persons.
Question 40.
What is the population of West Bengal?
Answer:
More than the double of the Occania’s population.
Question 41.
How many tourists visit this continent every year?
Answer:
I crore 20 lakh.
Short Questions & Answers : (2 marks for each question)
Question 1.
How is the continent Occania formed?
Answer:
The continet Oceania consists of islands lies Australia Tasmania, New Zealand, and group of islands like Salomon, iji, New Hebrids. New Caledonia, chisterfield etc.
Question 2.
What are the main four landmass of Oceania and what are their areas?
Answer:
The main four landmass of Oceania are-
- Australia-77 lakh sq km.
- New Zealand2 lakh 68 thousand sq km.
- New Guinea -4 lakh 61 thousand sq km.
- Tasmania-68 thousand sq km.
Question 3.
Describe the main industries and cities of Murray-Derling river basin.
Answer:
The main industries’ of Murray-Darling river basin are engineering, meat and food processing, chemical and dairy farming. The main cities are Adelaide Broken Hill, Mildura cic.
Question 4.
Describe the physoiography of Australia.
Answer:
The main landmass of Oceania is Australia. It is a great island. The area of this country is so large that it is called a continent. The area of Australia is 77 lakh 25 thousand sq km which is just equal to two and half fold of the area of India. 87 % of the total area of Oceania continent belong to Australia.
Question 5.
Describe the physiography of Micronesia:
Answer:
Micronesia consists of many small islands. The name of the islands are Marshall, Nauru, Kiribati, Gilbert and Guam. The inhabitants of these islands are dark in colour.
Question 6.
Describe the physiography of Polynesia.
Answer:
From the Howaii islands to the north to New Zealand and Easter islands to the south west belong to Polynesia. The name of the islands are Howaii, Samoa, Tonga, Cook, Faster Pitcairn etc.
Question 7.
Describe the location of Oceania.
Answer:
The continent Oceania is located from north boundary of Hawiaian island to New Zealand’s southern limit. And western boarder of Australia to Gambier Islad in the east.
Question 8.
What is Allot?
Answer:
The heap of dead coral emerges from the sea to creat a coral reef. Similariy when the dead corals occumulate in circular was it forms coral ring or allot. lakes are found in the allot. There are more than 200 lakes in Micronesia.
Question 9.
What is Artesian well?
Answer:
One of the features of Australia’s natural environment is the presence of numerous Artesian wells. In low land the rock layer are basin shaped. The water accumulates in between two non saturated strata. Water comes out automatically from wells dug in it without help of pumps. These wells are called Artesian wells.
Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)
Question 1.
Describe the Physiography of Australia.
Answer:
There is few diversity in the land form of Australia. According to the difference in physical features Australia is devided inlo four regions :
i. Eastern Hightands : An old fold mountain range stretches from north to south in the eastern side of Australia. It is known as Great Deviding Range. It has different name in different places like Darling Downs, Australian Alps, Blue Range, Liverpool Range etc. Mt Kosciuszko of New England Range is the lighest peak of Australia.
ii. Western Plateau : Undualating plateau is the most dominating feature of Western Australia. The average altitude is between 200-500 metre. The rocks of the Plateau is as ancient as that of Deean plateau. Some small hills are found in east and west. The desert lies in between. The deserts have different names in different places like-Victoria, Giuson, Great Sandy Desert. Some lakes with Saline Water (Playa) and oasis are found in Western Plateau.
iii. The Central lowland: The land lies in between the Great Deviding range and the Westem Plateau. Two highlands Grey and selwyn divide the plain into three parts. Murray Darling Basin lies in the south, in the middle lies Lake Eyre Basin and in the north carpentaria Lowland. Here the wock layers are synformal. So water comes out automaticaly in form of spring without help of pumps. This is called Artesian well.
iv. Coastal Plains : Narrow coastal plains are found all arond Austratia. Among them the coastal plain along gulf of Carpentaria in the north and Great Australian Bight are exeeptional. Under the sea, parallel to the north-east coast extends the world’s largest coral reef ‘Great Barrier Reef’.
Question 2.
Describe the physiography of New Zealand.
Answer:
New Zealand belongs to Oceania. The country has two main islands called North and South and small islands like stewkert, Chatham etc. South Alps mountain range stretches along the Western part of south island. The highest peak of the range is Mt Cook (3164 m). There are many volcanoes like Mt Egmont. Ruaphen is found in this area. The main rivers are Waikato, Clutha, Whanganui and Taieri. Canterbury plain lies along the east coast of south island. Many glacial lakes are found in the mountain region of the country.
Question 3.
Describe the psysiography of Tashmania.
Answer:
Tasmania is seperated from Australia by Bass straight. Its bredth is only 250 ~km. This island is full of mountain and these are all extended part of great dividing Range of Austratia. Mount Ash is the highest peak of flie island. The population is only 845 thousand. The climate is influenced by the sea. The fivers have short bright and strong earrents. They are perentieal: The main rivers are Darwent, Mockwar, Giordon. The lakes are fotmet in central plateau.
Question 4.
Describe the physiography of Melanasia, Micronesia, Polynesia.
Answer:
Thesethree region consist of thousand of island. Most of the islands are formed by the deposition of lava and igneous material at the sea bed. Mt Wilhelm (4509 m) of Papua Guinea is the highest peak of Oceania. The examples of igneous islands are Hawai, Solomon, Fiji, Tahiti etc. There are two active volcanoes Mouna Loa and Kilauea in Hawaiian islands. Marshal Gilbert Caroline etc are the islands formed by corals. There is coral wall in Fiji island called Great Reef.
Question 5.
Describe the drainage system of Oceania.
Answer:
Australia is the largest country of Oceania continent. The climate is dry and there is lettle diversity in Australian climate. There are a few rivers in Australia. Most of rivers originate from the east and west slope of great deviding range. The main river among those is MurrayDarling river. This river originates from Australian Alps and falls in Encounter Bay. The main trebutry is Darling. It originates from New England Range and falls in Murray river near Wentwarth city after flowring towards South-West. The another tributary of Murray is Marrumbidgee. The another rivers of Australia are Hunter, Freejoy, Brisbane, Cooper, Eyre etc. They originates from great Dividing Range and fall in the Pacific ocean. The other rivers of Oceania are waikato, Clutha in New Zealand.