Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 4 Pressure Belts and Winds offer valuable context and analysis.
WBBSE Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Question Answer – Pressure Belts and Winds
Textbook Page no. 36.
Question 1.
From which direction do Westerlies blow in the Southern hemisphere and what is the name given to such winds?
Answer:
At the time of blowing from southern Tropical High pressure belt to southern subpolar low pressure belt the Westerlies turns to the left according to Ferrell’s Law. Then it is known as North-West Westerlies.
Question 2.
Why are the Westerlies faster in the Southern hemisphere?
Answer:
The world masses are more than land masses in southern hemisphere and so the Westerlies blows faster here.
Question 3.
From which direction does the Polar wind blow in the Southern hemisphere according to the Ferrell’s Law and what is its called?
Answer:
In Southern hemisphere the wind blowing form south pole and turns to the left and it is known as south-east Polar wind.
Question 4.
why is Polar wind cold?
Answer:
Polar wind generates from extremely cold region. So which region the wind passes through the temperature decreases.
Textbook Page no. 37.
Question 1.
Which winds bring rain to China in Asia, Etheopia in Africa and Mexico in North America?
Answer:
For the influence of Westerlies.
Textbook Page no. 39.
Question 1.
which wind brings more rainfall to coastal areas?
Answer:
Sea wind brings more fainfall to coastal areas.
Question 2.
Which wind would help boats sail as they venture out into the sea or river at dawn?
Answer:
With the help of Landwind.
Question 3.
From which direction would the cool breeze come in a coast or a river bank in the evening?
Answer:
From the sea.
Textbook Page no. 40.
Question 1.
Why is there almost no rainfall from the winter Monsoon Wind?
Answer:
In winter dry cool wind blows from the land to sea. Thus rainfall does not occur.
Question 2.
Why is monson wind elassified as periodic wind?
Answer:
Monsoon wind blows in a certain season of the year, certain time of the day for the variation of the temperature. So it is called Perodic Wind.
Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Question Answer West Bengal Board – Pressure Belts and Winds
Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)
Question 1.
The region extends through 50 of latitude to the north and south of the equator is –
i) Equatorial region
ii) Polar region
iii) Tropical region
Answer:
i) Equatorial region.
Question 2.
The other name of equatorial region is-
i) Coriolis
ii) Doldrums
iii) Horse Latitudes
Answer:
ii) Doldrums
Question 3.
The region between 25° and 30° parallels of latitude in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere is called-
i) Subpolar region
ii) equatorial region
iii) Tropical calm zone
Answer:
iii) Tropical calm zone.
Question 4.
The temperature of two poles remains the ice point throughout the year-
i) over
ii) below
iii) within
Answer:
ii) below.
Question 5.
Two tropical region between 250 and 300 parallels of latitude is known as-
i) Horse Latitude
ii) Coriolis
iii) equatorial region
Answer:
i) Horse latitude.
Question 6.
The difference between the air pressure of two regions is responsible for-
i) changing the direction of wind
ii) changing the speed of the wind
iii) blowing wind
Answer:
iii) blowing wind
Question 7.
The scientist who first said about the deflective force is-
i) G. G. Coriolis
ii) M. Sen
iii) Willium Ferrell
Answer:
i) G. G. Coriollis.
Question 8.
Buys Ballot Law was introduced in-
i) 1855
ii) 1856
iii) 1850
iv) 1857
Answer:
iv) 1857
Question 9.
Dry cold polar winds blow from high pressure belt to low pressure belt
i) all through the year
ii) sometimes
iii) periodically
Answer:
i) all through the year.
Question 10.
Westerlies blow in the southern hemisphere than the northern-
i) faster
ii) slower
iii) equally
Answer:
i) faster.
Question 11.
Westerlies blowing with a violent howl along the 60 south parallel of latitude is-
i) Roaring Forties
ii) Furious Fifties
iii) Screaming Sixtics
Answer:
iii) Screaming Sixties.
Question 12.
In the Northern hemisphere Polar winds blow between 70° N and 80° N-
i) latitude
ii) longitude
iii) not any of them
Answer:
i) latitude
Question 13.
The apparent migration of the sun occurs within-
i) 22nd. March-21st. June
ii) 22 nd. Sep.-21st. July
iii) 22nd Dec.-21st.June
Answer:
iii) 22nd. Dec. 21st. June
Question 14.
In agriculture the coasts of the Mediterranean sea are-
i) under-developed
ii) well-developed
iii) medium
Answer:
ii) well developed.
Question 15.
The Tundra Region is completely covered in ice for-
i) 7-8 months
ii) 6-7 months
iii) 8-9 months
iv) 3-4 months
Answer:
iii) 8-9 months.
Question 16.
The temperate grass land that located in the central and eastern parts of the continents are called-
i) Havard grassland
ii) mangrove forests
iii) Central Asian Steppis
Answer:
iii) Central Asian steppis.
Question 17.
The winds that blow particular time in the year is called-
i) periodic wind
ii) Local wind
iii) Sea brecze
Answer:
i) periodic wind
Question 18.
The cold wind blows from sea to land is called-
i) land breeze
ii) sea breeze
iii) Trade wind
Answer:
ii) Sea breeze.
Question 19.
At night the wind that blows from land to sea is called-
i) Trade wind
ii) perodic wind
iii) land breeze
Answer:
iii) Land breeze.
Question 20.
The another name of mountain wind is-
i) Anabatic wind
ii) Katabatic wind
iii) land breeze
Answer:
ii) Katabatic wind
Question 21.
The another name of valley wind is-
i) Anabatic
ii) Katabatic
iii) Parmanent wind
Answer:
i) Anabatic
Question 22.
Wind blowing in different parts of the earth at different times in the year due to local factors are called-
i) Land breeze
ii) Permanent wind
iii) Local wind
Answer:
iii) Local wind.
Question 23.
Pompero blows over-
i) Libiya
ii) Pampas region
iii) Guinea coast
Answer:
ii) Pampas region.
Question 24.
Chinook blows over-
i) Pampas region
ii) Guinea coast
iii) the eastern slope of Rocky mountain
Answer:
iii) the eastern slope of Rocky mountain
Question 25.
Harmattan blows over-
i) Guinea Coast
ii) Pampas region
iii) the Rocky. mountain
Answer:
i) Guinea coast
Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)
1. The ______ region extends through 5° of latitude to the north and south of the equator.
2. The ______ movement of air over the earth’s surface is called air current.
3. The horizontal movement of air parallel to the earth’s surface is called ____
4. The two polar regions have temperature below _____ almost all through the year.
5. The two Tropical region is known as _____.
6. The rotation of the earth results in a force that causês an frèe flowing and mobile objects on earth to change direction and deflect. This deflective force is known as ______.
7. The American meteorolist _____ first mention the similarities swinging of clock with the swinging of provalent wind.
8. First _____ mentioned the coriollis Force .
9. The Coriollis Foree is mentioned in _____.
10. Buys Ballot Law is named after _______.
11. _____ are the winds blowing from Northern and Southern Tropical high pressure belt to the Equatorial low pressure belt through out the year.
12. The equatorial region where the North East and South East Trade wind meet is called ______.
13. _____ blow between 35° and 60° north and south parallels of latitudes.
14. The winds blow along 40° south parallels of latitude to the east is called _____.
15. Westerlies blowing with a violent howle among the 60° south parallel of latitude is called ______.
16. Extremely fast westerlies along the 50° south parallel of latitude is called ______.
17. With the variation of the parallels of latitude the temperature of air ______.
18. As the Trade wind blow from the less warm tropics to the warmer equatorial region, they get progressively ______.
19. The livehood of the people of ______ is rather difficult.
20. In winter watermass remains ______ than landmass.
21. The coasts of the Mediterranean sea are well developped in terms of ______ and ______.
22. The influence of Polar wind is found in ______ region.
23. ______ winds in both hemisphere blow from freczing cold regions to comparatively less region.
24. The ______ Region is completely covered in ice and has a lengthy spanning through 8-9 months.
25. At night the wind blows from ______ to sea.
26. The durinal difference in temperature between opposite seasons leads to the formation of ______.
27. The another name of ‘mountain wind’ is ______.
28. The another name of ‘valley wind’ is ______.
29. When the air pressure suddenlly drops over a small area, pressure is generally ______ in the centre.
30. In a cyclone wind speed can shoot up to about ______ km per hour.
31. Tropical cyclones are ______.
32. When the prevalent condition is just opposite to the cyclone, it is called ______.
33. Sirocco is one type of ______.
34. The word ‘chinook’ means ______.
35. Boro blows through the coast of the ______.
36. Fohn is one type of ______.
37. ______ is characterized by the dry and dusty northeasterly trade wind.
38. Fohn is found in the ______.
39. After the name of G. G. Coriolis the deflective force is called ______.
Answer:
1. equatorial region
2. vertical
3. wind
4. freezing point
5. Horse Latitude
6. Coriolis Force
7. William Ferrell
8. G. G. Coriollis
9. 1835 A.D
10. Buys Ballot
11. Trade wind
12. Inter Tropical convergence zone
13. Westerlies
14. Westerlies
15. Screaming sixties
16. Furious Fifties
17. varies
18. warmer
19. Sahara desert
20. warmer
21. agriculture, communication
22. Tundra
23. Polar, cold
24. Tundra, winter
25. Land
26. Monsoon wind
27. Katabatic wind
28. Arabatic wind
29. lowest
30. 160
31. destructive
32. anticyclone
33. local wind
34. snow eater
35. Adriatic sea
36. local wind
37. Harmattan
38. northern slope of Alps
39. Coriolis Force.
State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)
1. Land breeze blows from the land towards the water at night.
2. Periodic winds are winds that blow during a particular time in the year.
3. Anticyclones are generally formed in low latitudes.
4. ‘Mountain wind’ is called local wind.
a. The he wind of rocky mountain is example of local wind.
6. Trade winds blow between 25° and 30° north and south parllels of latitude.
7. Wind is named after the direction fron which it flows.
8. William Farrel was a British scientist.
9. The equatorial region has more water than landmass.
10. Westerlies blows from the east.
11. Two air masses of opposite nature meet at the Tropics.
12. The wet hot polar winds blow throughout the year from polar low pressure belts to sub polar belts.
13. Periodic winds are winds that blow during a particular time in the year.
14. Tropical cyclones are constructive.
15. The higher slopes in Kulu and Kangra valleys are more populated than the valley floors.
Answer:
1. true
2. true
3. false
4. false
5, true
6. false
7. true
8. false
9. true
10. false
11. true
12. false
13. true
14. fale
15. true
Match the column A with column B.
| Column A | Column B |
| a) Land breeze | i) the air is super cool and heavy |
| b) Sea breeze and Land Breeze | ii) tropics and the poles |
| c) Inter Tropical Convergence Zone | iii) meet at the Tropics |
| d) Coriolis Force acts generally | iv) different parts of the earth’s surface |
| e) In polar regions | i) occur everyday |
| f) The air is denser in the | ii) picks up speed at dawn. |
| g) Two air masses of opposite nature | iii) on the naturally flowing winds |
| h). Ships come to a stndstill | iv) is cold |
| i) Atmosphere pressure varies over | i) in the Horse Latitude |
| j) Polar wind | ii) is known as Equatorial calm region |
Answer:
a) Land breeze picks up speed at dawn.
b) Sea breeze and Land Breeze occur everyday.
c) Inter Tropical Convergence Zone is known as Equatorial calm region.
d) Coriolis Force acts generally on the naturally flowing winds.
e) In polar regions the air is super cool and heavy.
f) The air is denser in the tropics and the poles.
g) Two air masses of opposite nature meet at the Tropics.
h) Ships come to a stndstill in the Horse Latitude
i) Atmosphere pressure varies over different parts of the earth’s surface.
j) Polar wind is cold.
Very Short Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)
Question 1.
What is wind?
Answer:
The horizontal movement of air parallel to the earth’s surface is called wind.
Question 2.
What is air current?
Answer:
The vertical movement of the air over the earth’s surface is called air current.
Question 3.
Which region is called Doldrums?
Answer:
Equatorial calm zones.
Question 4.
Which region is called Horse-latitude?
Answer:
Tropical regions (25°-35°N. and S) are known as Horse-latitude.
Question 5.
How does the coriolis Force acts?
Answer:
Coriolis Force acts as a right angle to the direction of flow of wind.
Question 6.
How is the wind named?
Answer:
Wind is named after the direction from which it blow.
Question 7.
When was Buys Ballot Law find out?
Answer:
Buys Ballot law was found out in 1857.
Question 8.
What is the speed of Trade wind in Northern Hemisphere?
Answer:
Trade winds travel 16 km per hour in Northern Hemisphere.
Question 9.
What is ITCZ?
Answer:
The North East and South East Trade winds meet in the Equatorial Region. This is the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone or the ITCZ.
Question 10.
What is the other name of ITCZ?
Answer:
The other name of ITCZ is Equatorial calm region.
Question 11.
What is Roaring Forties?
Answer:
Westerlies blowing with a howl aiong the 40° south parallel of latitudes.
Question 12.
What is Furious Fifties?
Answer:
Extremely fast Westerlies along the 500 south parallel to latitude.
Question 13.
What is Screming Sixties?
Answer:
Westerlies blowing with a violent how along the 600 south parallel of latitude.
Question 14.
What is the source of the temperature of air?
Answer:
The source of air temperature is Sun.
Question 15.
How is the livehood of the people of Sahara desart for the influence of Trade wind?
Answer:
The ivehood here is rather difficult.
Question 16.
How is the livehood of the people of Mediterranean coast for the influence of westerlies?
Answer:
Prosperous in scope of employment.
Question 17.
Which region experiences blizzards for Polar wind?
Answer:
Siberia in Russia somctimes experience blizzards in polar wind.
Question 18.
When do the Periodic Winds blow?
Answer:
Periodic winds blow during a particular time in the year.
Question 19.
Where is the effect of Sea Breeze found?
Answer:
The effect of Sea-Breeze is found till 150 km. inland the coast line.
Question 20.
When the influence of Land Breeze increases?
Answer:
The influence of Land Breeze increases at dwon.
Question 21.
Which wind is called the larger verson of Sea and Land Breeze.
Answer:
Monsoon wind is cousdeered the larger verson of sea and I and Breeze.
Question 22.
Name two valleys of Himachal Pradesh.
Answer:
The two valleys of Himachal Pradesh are Kulu and Kangra.
Question 23.
Where is Chinook found?
Answer:
Chinook is found in Rocky mountain region of North America.
Question 24.
What does the term ‘Chinook’ mean?
Answer:
The term ‘Chinook’ means ‘Snow eater’.
Question 25.
What is the nature of Chinook?
Answer:
Chinook is dry and hot.
Question 26.
Where are the Cattles reared for the influence of Chinook?
Answer:
For the influence of Chinook the cattles are reared in Prairies.
Question 27.
Where is Fohn found?
Answer:
Fohn is found in Alps mountain region.
Question 28.
What is the nature of Fohn?
Answer:
Fahn is dry and warm.
Question 29 .
What happens due to the influence of Fahn?
Answer:
Due to the influence of Fahn the temperature rises.
Question 30.
How is Harmattan?
Answer:
Harmattan is dry and cold.
Question 31.
Where is Harmattan found?
Answer:
Harmattan blows over the Guinea coast from the eastern part of North West Anerica.
Question 32.
What is the Doctor wind?
Answer:
Harmattan is called the Doctor wind.
Question 33.
Why is Harmattan called the ‘Doctor’?
Answer:
It is because the wind provides relief from the warm moist and sultry wtither in the Tropical region.
Question 34.
How is Bora?
Answer:
Bora is dry and cold.
Question 35.
Where is Bora found?
Answer:
Bora blows through the coast of the Adriatic sea after descending along the southern slope of Alps.
Question 36.
What happens due to the influence of Bora.?
Answer:
This excessive cold wind disrupts normal life is southern Europe along the coast of the Adriatic sea.
Question 37.
What is Pompero?
Answer: Pampero is one of a local winds.
Question 38.
Where is Pampero found?
Answer:
Pampero originates in the Southern parts of South America and blows over Pampas region.
Question 39.
How does Pampero effect on human life?
Answer:
For the influence of Pampero the life of the people becomes comfortable.
Question 40.
Where is Sirocco found?
Answer:
Sirocco is originated in Libyan desert of Africa and blows over Southern Europe.
Question 41.
What type of wind is Sirocco?
Answer:
Sirocco is dry, warm and dusty.
Question 42.
How is the coast of Africa influenced by Sirocco?
Answer:
For the influence of Sirocco the northern coast of Africa is dried up and covered with dust.
Question 43.
Give examples of local wind blowing in India.
Answer:
Loo and Andhi.
Question 44.
What is the speed of Trade Wind in southern hemisphere?
Answer:
The speed of Trade Wind in southern hemisphere is 22-30 km. per hour.Short
Short Questions & Answers : (2 marks for each question)
Question 1.
What is coriolis Force?
Answer:
The rotation of the earth results in a force that causes all free flowing and mobile objects on earth to change direction and deflect. This is called Coriolis Force.
Question 2.
What is Buys Ballot’s Law?
Answer:
When one faces the wind in the Northern Hemisphere pressure is more towards the right and lower on left. Just opposite condition is seen in the Southern Hemisphere.
Question 3.
Which wind is called winter Monsoon wind?
Answer:
In winter cold, dry, wind blows from landmass towards the ocean. This is called Winter Monsoon Wind.
Question 4.
Which is called Summer Monsoon Wind?
Answer:
In summer moisture laden wind blows from ocean towards the land. That is called Summer Monsoon Wind.
Question 5.
What is Anabatic Wind?
Answer:
Sometimes the air over the valley does not heat up as much as that over the slopes flanking the valleys during day time. Therefore, the air pressure is comparatively highrer whereas the temperature is lower in the valley.nAir from the valley rises along the slopes. This is known as Anabatic Wind.
Question 6.
What is Catabatic Wind?
Answer:
At night the slopesradiate heat faster as the air over the mountain slopes cools down and high pressure prevails here. This heavy air from the high pressure descends and settles down in the valley. This is known as Catabatic Wind.
Question 7.
What is meant by periodic Wind?
Answer:
There are some winds that blow during a particular time in the year or a particular time of the day. These winds do not blow throughout the year like the planetary winds. These are called periodic winds.
Question 8.
What is Doldrums?
Answer:
In equatorial region upward air current is observed. There is no horizontal movement of air. This leads to the prevalence of calm conditions. So this is the zone of equatorial calm. This region is called ‘Doldrums’ which mean calm.
Question 9.
What is Sub-tropical regions?
Answer:
The region between 25° and 30° parallels of latitude in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are respectively called the Northern sub-tropical and Southern sub-tropical regions.
Question 10.
Mention three segments of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone.
Answer:
The segment extending through the indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean is the largest one. The second segment is found to the west of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean. The third segment is also on the pacific Ocean to the west of South America.
Question 11.
How trade winds get such name?
Answer:
Ancient commercial vessels used these winds in their sails to carry the cargo along certain marine routes. These winds them in trading. So these winds got their name as trade wind.
Question 12.
Mention the features of Sea breeze and Land breeze?
Answer:
- Sea breeze and Land breeze occur everyday.
- These winds blow at a regular interval each day.
- Generally the effect of these winds are found till 150 Km. inland from the coastline.
Question 13.
How cyclone is formed?
Answer:
When air pressure suddenly drops over a small area, pressure is generally lowest at the centre. Then wind blows at high speed towards the central low pressure zone from higher pressure. this is called cyclone.
Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)
Question 1.
Why are the pressure belts formed?
Answer:
The hot and wet air of equatorial region rises up. The temperature reduces as the air rises up. On cooling the weight and density increases. The cool and heavy air sinks in the Northern and Southern Tropical region. Cool and dry air from polar region also sinks dwon in these two Tropical regions. Two air masses of defferent characters meet at the Tropic and the mass and density of air increase.
Question 2.
What is Horse Latitude?
Answer:
In sixteenth century ship from West Indies and Europe used to come stand still in Northern and Southern Tropical region because there was no air in their soil. The vessels carrying horses used to take much time to reach the West Indies and America. To avoid the crises of food and water the crews sacrificed some of the horses by throwing them into the Atlantic Ocean for reducing the weight of the ship. Therefore the Tropical regions are called the Horse latitudes.
Question 3.
What is Cyclone and Anti cyclone?
Answer:
When air pressure suddenly drops over a small area a low pressure creates at center and a high pressure creates at the surrounding zoncs. In the situation air blows from high pressure area to low pressure area. This is called cyclone.
When temperature of an area drops suddenly the air pressure increases. Then high pressure creates at the centre and a high pressure creates at the surrounding zones. In this situation air blows from centre to outwards. As the condition is just opposite of that of cyclone. So it is called the Anti cyclone.
Question 4.
Describe Ferrell’s Law.
Answer:
One type of force acts on any free flowing object on the earth for the revolution of earth. This deflects the direction of the moving objects. At the time of flowing from high pressure zone to low pressure zone the wind deflects towards right in the Northern hemisphere and to the left in Southern hemisphere for this reason. This is known as Ferrell’s Law.
Question 5.
What is Summer Monsoon wind and Winter monsoon wind?
Answer:
Monsoon winds blows through the Indian peninsula. In summer when the land get heated quickly by the sunrays the low pressure belt creates. But the water of Indian ocean remains cooler then and high pressure creates over there. Thus the moisture laten winds blows from ocean to land mass in :ummer which is called Summer Monsoon Wind.
In winter the landmass cools rcadily by radiating the sun heat and create high pressure belt over there. The water of Indian ocoan remains cooler, hotter then and low pressure belt creates there. Therfore, dry cool air tlows from land to sea in winter which is called winter monsoon wind.
Question 6.
What is permanent winds? Classify permanent winds. The winds that blow horizo”tally through out the year in the same direction at uniform speed are calied permanent winds.
Answer:
There are three types of permanent winds Trade wind, westerlies, Polar wints. Trade wind : The winds that blow from Northern and Southern Tropical high pressure belts to equatorial low pressere belt regularly, throughout the year are called Trade wind.
Westerlies : The winds that blow from Northern and Southern Tropikeal High pressure belt to Northern and Southern subpolar belts are called Westerlies. Polar winds The hot and dry winds blow from polar high pressure belt to subpolar low pressure belt in both hemisphere are called Polar wind.
Question 7.
What is Periodic winds? Compare Sea Brecze and Land Breeze.
Answer:
The winds that blow in a particular time in the year or a particuler time of a day are called Periodic winds.
Sea Breeze : The cool breeze that blows from sea to land in the afternoon or evening is called Sea Breeze. The difference between the air pressure of land and sea is responsible for the wind blowing.
Land Breeze : The land gets heated quickly and becomes cool by raducting the heat than the water mass. At night when the land entirely cools down the water still retain some heat and is warmer. A low pressure belt creates on the water and wind blows from land to sea at night which is called Land Breeze.