Class 7

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 7 Science Book Solutions Chapter 2 Time and Motion offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 2 Question Answer – Time and Motion

(Page no. 70)

Select the correct option from below and fill in the blanks:
1. Rectilinear motion.
2. Motion in a circular path.
3. Rotational motion.
4. Combination of Rotational and Rectilinear motion.
5. Curvilinear motion
Answer:

Examples of different types motion	Name of the motion
1. The motion of the pencil tip while drawing a straight line with a ruler.	Rectilinear motion
2. Motion of the tips of clock-hand	Motion in a circular path.
3. Motion of a stone which is thrown away from the roof.	Curvilinear motion.
4. Motion of merry-go-round.	Motion in a circular path.
5. Motion of a spinning top at a fixed point.	Combination of rotational motion and rectilinear motion.
6. Motion of a clock’s pendulum.	Rectilinear motion.
7. Motion of a car along a straight road.	Rectilinear motion.
8. Motion of a cycle along a straight line.	Rectilinear motion.
9. Motion of a screw driver.	Curvilinear motion.
10. Motion of an electric fan’s blade.	Rotational motion.

Class 7 Science Chapter 2 Question Answer West Bengal Board – Time and Motion

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
The rate of change of displacement with time is called-
i) speed
ii) retardation
iii) velocity
Answer:
iii) velocity

Question 2.
Distance travelled by a moving object-
i) can be zero
ii) cannot be zero
Answer:
ii) cannot be zero

Question 3
If the velocity of the body decreases with time, the motion is said to be
i) acceleration
ii) retardation
iii) displacement
is Answer:
ii) retardation

Question 4.
In SI system unit of retardation is-
i) MS²
ii) MS^-1
iii) MS^-2
Answer:
iii) MS^-2

Question 5.
The state of motion and rest of an object is-
i) absulute
ii) relative
Answer:
ii) relative

Question 6.
The average velocity of an object-
i) could be zero
ii) could not be zero
Answer:
ii) could not be zero

Question 7.
A rotating fan take sometime to stop when it is suitched off due to
i) interia of motion
ii) momentum
iii) air current
Answer:
i) interia of motion

Question 8.
The distance travelled by the body in a unit time interval is called
i) velocity
ii) speed
iii) acceleration
Answer:
ii) speed

Question 9.
If force is applied from outside on a moving body then its momentum
i) decrease
ii) increase
iii) does not change
Answer:
ii) increase

Question 10.
If a rubber ball is thrown on a wall it comes back, this can be explained by Newton’s-
i) First law
ii) Second law
iii) Third law
Answer:
iii) Third law

Question 11.
The action and the reaction both act on-
i) two different objects
ii) same object
Answer:
i) two different objects

Question 12.
We come to know about the rate of change of momentum when force is applied, from the Newton’s-
i) first law
ii) second law
iii) third law
Answer:
ii) second law

Question 13.
We know about definition of force from Newion’s-
i) first law
ii) second law
iii) third law
Answer:
i) first law

Question 14.
In CGS unit of force is-
i) Newton
ii) gram-weight
iii) dyne
Answer:
iii) dyne

Question 15.
The property of a body to remain at rest forever is called-
i) inertia of motion
ii) inertia of rest
iii) momentum
Answer:
ii) inertia of rest

Question 16.
Th property of inertia of a body is-
i) fundaniental
ii) not fundamental
Answer:
i) fundamental

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. The tendency of a body to keep itself at rest for ever is known as _______ of rest.
Answer:
inertia.

2. Speed is a _______ quantity.
Answer:
scalar.

3. Two vector quantities with same units are _____ and ________.
Answer:
acceleration, retardation.

4. ____ is the rate of change of velocity with time.
Answer:
Acceleration.

5. Dimensional formula of retardation ______.
Answer:
LT^-2

6. To change the state of inertia we apply ______.
Answer:
force.

7. Dimensional formula of velocity _____.
Answer:
LT^-1

8. A body which changes is position with time is called a ____ object.
Answer:
moving.

9. Force = mass × ________.
Answer:
acceleration.

10. 1 Kgf = ______.
Answer:
9.8 N (Newton).

11. One newton is the force which when acts on a body of mass 1 kg produces an acceleration of _____.
Answer:
1 m/ sec^-2

12. Dimensional formula of momentum _______.
Answer:
MLT^-1

13. In SI system the gravitational unit of force is ______.
Answer:
Newton.

14. 1 Newton = 1 kg × _________.
Answer:
1 m/sec²

15. In SI system the unit of momentum is _______.
Answer:
Kilogram-meter/second.

16. The action and the reaction both act on ______ bodies.
Answer:
two different.

17. The rate of change of momentum is proportional to _______.
Answer:
force.

18. Momentum is a _____ quantity.
Answer:
Vector.

State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)

1. If a body has zero speed it can have acceleration.
2. Acceleration is a scalar quantity.
3. Velocity is a vector quantity but speed is not.
4. In speed magnitude and direction both are to be mentioned.
5. A body may have uniform speed but it may not have uniform velocity.
6. The rate of increasing velocity is called uniform velocity.
7. Motion of the tips of clock-hand is called rotation.
8. When a moving object change its place it is called displacement.
9. If an object have zero displacement, it can have distance.
10. To express velocity we have to mention both its derection and magnitude.
11. We got defination of force from Newton’s second law.
12. In SI system unit of force is Newton.
13. Measure of force is known from Newton’s third law.
14. Action and reaction cannot suppress each other.
15. If a moving bus suddenly stops the passengers moves in front ward direction.
16. If 1 Newton force works on 1 gm mass then 1cm / sce² acceleration is produced the body.
17. Reaction remains as long as action persists.
18. If a body has less mass then it has less accleration.
19. If a vehicle suddenly starts to move it’s pas: engers lean backward direction.
20. Force applied = mass × retardation.
Answer:
1. true
2. false
3. true
4. false
5. true
6. false
7. true
8. false
9. true
10. true
11. false
12. true
13. false
14. true
15. true
16. false
17. true
18. false
19. true
20. false

Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) Capacity of doing work	i) more work is done
b) Increase in the rate of respiration	ii) was the president of Royal Society
c) Increase in the rate of heartbeat	iii) to do work
d) When we spend more energy	iv) is called energy
e) Energy’ is the ability	v) is Newton
f) To every action there is an	vi) we apply force
g) Sir Issac Newton	vii) generates more heat
h) In SI system the unit of force	viii) increase in the rate of respiration
i) To change the state of inertia	ix) is Dyne
j) In CGS system the unit of force	x) equal and opposite reaction

Answer:
a) Capacity of doing work is called energy.
b) Increase in the rate of respiration generates more heat.
c) Increase in the rate of heartbeat increase in the rate of respiration.
d) When we spend more energy more work is done.
e) Energy is the ability to do work.
f) To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
g) Sir Issac Newton was the president of Royal Society.
h) In SI system the unit of force is Newton.
i) To change the state of inertia we apply force.
j) In CGS system the unit of force is Dyne.

Short Questions & Answers : (1,2 marks for each question)

Question 1.
How many types of motion are there?
Answer:
There are two types of motion.
i) Rotation and ii) Revolution.

Question 2.
What is Revolution?
Answer:
When a moving object travels in an orbit while rotating on its own axis then the motion of that object is called revolution.

Question 3.
What type of motion is seen in a moving car?
Answer:
Moving car has mixed motion.

Question 4.
Why displacement is a vector quantiny?
Answer:
Displacement has both magnitude and direction. So it is a vector quantity.

Question 5.
What type of motion has a moving electric fan?
Answer:
It has rotational motion.

Question 6.
What is the unit of speed in SI system?
Answer:
In SI system the unit of speed in meter/second.

Question 7.
Is speed vector or scalar quantity?
Answer:
Speed is vector quantity.

Question 8.
Which physical quantity has unit as meter/second² ?
Answer:
In SI system acceleration has unit as meter/second².

Question 9.
What is the unit of velocity? Is it a scalar or vector quantity?
Answer:
In CGS system unit of velocity in centimeter/sec. and in SI system unit of velocity is meter/second. Velocity is a vector quantity.

Question 10.
A body after moving in a circular part comes back to its starting point, what is its displacement?
Answer:
If a body after travelling in a circular part comes back to its starting point, the displacement is zero.

Question 11.
What we come to know from Newton’s Fast law?
Answer:
From Newton’s fast law, we come to know about- (i) Inertia and (ii) force.

Question 12.
From which law of Newton we come to know about force?
Answer:
We come to know about force from Newton’s fast law.

Question 13.
What is the unit of force in CGS system?
Answer:
In CGS system the unit of force is Dyne.

Question 14.
What is the unit of force in SI system?
Answer:
In SI system the unit of force is Newton.

Question 15.
One Newton = ? Dyne.
Answer:
One Newton = 10⁵ Dyne.

Question 16.
Name the types of Inertia.
Answer:
Inertia are of two types – i) Inertia of rest and ii) Inertia of motion.

Question 17.
Is force vector quantity or scalar quantity?
Answer:
Force is vector quantity.

Question 18.
What is’ the unit of momentum in SI system?
Answer:
In SI system the unit of momentum is Kilogram-meter/second.

Question 19.
1 gm. force = how much Dyne?
Answer:
lgf = 980 dyne.

Question 20.
What is the unit of work in SI system?
Answer:
A unit of work in SI system is Joule.

Question 21.
What is energy? How we get energy?
Answer:
The energy of a body is its capacity to do work.
We get energy from food. We get something from food which gives us ability for doing work.

Question 22.
How can we feel that energy is being spent inside our body?
Answer:
Fatigue, increase in the rate of heart beat, increase in the rate of respiration, increase in the temperature of the body etc help us to understand that energy is being spent inside our body.

Question 23.
Sometimes you may have noticed that birds glide some disatance without moving its wings. Why does the birdmove in this manner?
Answer:
A flying bird is a moving object. It tries to remain in uniform motion when there is no force on it. So, without moving its wings it goes farther distance because of inertia of motion.

Question 24.
What is inertia?
Answer:
The tendency of a body of remaining at rest or in uniform motion is known as ‘inertia’ of the body.

Question 25.
What is ‘inertia of rest’ and ‘inertia of motion’?
Answer:
The tendency of a body to keep itself at rest forever is known as ‘inertia of rest’.
The tendency of remaining in uniform motion of the body is called as ‘inertia of motion’.

Question 26.
What is force?
Answer:
What we apply to change the state of inertia is called as force.

Question 27.
Explain Newton’s Third law of motion?
Answer:
Newton’s third law of motion is – To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Question 28.
When we can say a work is done?
Answer:
Work is said to be done only when body move (i.e. there is a displacement of the body).

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
Explain the concept of Newtons first law of motion.
Answer:
If there is no external force acting on a body, then-
i) The body at rest will remain at rest forever,
ii) The moving body will go with constant speed in the same direction of its motion.

Question 2.
Explain Newton’s second law of motion.
Answer:
Newton’s second law of motion states that-
i) If we apply more force on a body of fixed mass, its change of velocity will be more in one second. If we double the force, the acceleration of the body also doubles. That is to say there is a linear relation between force and acceleration.
ii) The direction to which the froce acts, the direction of acceleration is also the same. That is the velocity of the body increases along the direction of applied force.

Question 3.
Write down the equation for the magnitude of applied force, according to Newton’s second law of motion.
Answer:
Applied force = mas of the body × change in velocity in 1 second. = mass of the body × acceleration produced (change in velocity in one second = acceleration)

F = m × a[F = force, m = mass, a = acceleration]
The unit of force in SI system is 1 Newton.
1 Newton =1 kg × 1 m / sec²

Question 4.
Who was Sir Issac Newton?
Answer:
Sir Issac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician and astronomer. He proposed the Three Laws of Motion, Spectrum of Sunlight. Universal Law of Gravitation, Binomial Theo rem. Differential calculus etc. On December, 1642. Newton was born in a peasant family of Willsthrope in England. He got BA degree from Trinity college of Cambridge University in 1669 at the age of 27 . He died in 1727.

Question 5.
Why was Sir Issac Newton famous?
Answer:
Sir Issac Newton invented laws of Motion, Spectrum of sunlight, Binomial theorem, Differential Calculus etc expanded a new era of science and mathematics. He was the president of Royal society from 1672 for next 25 years. He wrote the famous book “Principia Mathematica”.

Question 6.
When a bus suddenly starts moving from rest, the passengers in the bus leans in backward direction, explain why?
Answer:
When the bus is not in motion, the passenger with the bus are at rest. When the bus suddenly starts moving the situation change. The foot of the passengers starts moving with the bus. but the upper part of the body tries to remain at rest. So the legs move away in forward direction. the body leans in reverse direction.

Question 7.
Explain how we can find out the quantity of work done in physics.
Answer:
Word done = ( applied force) × displacement in the direction of the force) W = F × d[W = Work, F = Force, d = displacement]
If the displacement of the body is 1m in the direction of a force of 1N. Then the work done is I Joule or 1J.
& W = F × d
1J = 1N × 1M = 1N.m

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 7 Science Book Solutions Chapter 1.5 Use of Environment Friendly Energy offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 1.5 Question Answer – Use of Environment Friendly Energy

(Page no. 63)

Write some other uses of thermal energy in the gaps given below :
Answer:

(Page no. 64)

Mention some of other uses of electric energy to the gaps given above. Similarly fill in the gaps given below about the uses of fossil fuels known to you.
Answer:

(Page no. 65)

What are directly related to population explotion? (Fill up the blanks) :
Answer:

(Page no. 67)

Foreign countiies are using solar energy since long time back.
We have also started using solar energy extensively in our state.
Fill in the blanks if you have noticed it.

Where is solar energy used?
Answer:
Solar energy is used in homes and on streets.

What purpose is it used for?
Answer:
Solar cooker is used to prepare food and solar light is used on streets.

(Page no. 68)

Write the names of the places in our state or other states where you have seen such wind mills.
Answer:
Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu.

(Page no. 68)

Write the uses of bio-gas.
Answer:
1. For cooking
2. To lit bulbs.

Discuss the potentials of degradable organic municipal waste or weeds like water hyacinth. How can we use them?
Answer:
Energy can be obtained from wastes. It can be used to lit bulb, run fans and cook food.

Class 7 Science Chapter 1.5 Question Answer West Bengal Board –Use of Environment Friendly Energy

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. We need _______ to do any kind of work.
Answer:
energy.

2. To run power tiller ______ is used.
Answer:
diesel.

3. ______ is used as Jet fuel.
Answer:
Kerosene.

4. ______ is used in motor cycle.
Answer:
Petrol.

5. ______ is used to run fan and use light.
Answer:
electrical energy.

6. ______ fuels are formed from the remains of plants and animals over a span of millions of years.
Answer:
Fossil.

7. The large portion of electrical energy is produced in our country by burning ______.
Answer:
coal.

8. _______ of years are required for the formation of energy sources like coal or petroleum under the soil of earth.
Answer:
Millions and millions.

9. Demands for the conventional forms of energy are increasing day by day due to ______.
Answer:
Population explosion.

10. Petroleum is obtained by ______ holes in the Earth crust, where the oil is found.
Answer:
drilling.

11. Due to excessive use of fossil fuel ______ is increasing.
Answer:
pollution.

12. ______ is an environment friendly energy.
Answer:
Solar energy.

13. Coal, petroleum and natural gas are _____ fuels.
Answer:
fossil

14. Solar energy can be used to generate electricity in _______ cells.
Answer:
solar.

State whether True or False: (1 mark for each question)

1. Coal and petroleum is formed from the remains of plants and animals buried under the earth.
2. Animals depend upon sun indirectly.
3. Drilling of petroleum first started in Asia continent.
4. Solar energy is being used in our country since long time back.
5. Solar panel didn’t cause any harm to our environment.
6. Solar panel lasts for 100 years.
7. There are large wind mills in Bakkhali in our state.
8. Natural gas is obtained from organic waste.
9. Remains of plants and animals are called fossils.
10. Bio-gas is produced from the various organic waste.
Answer:
1. true
2. true
3. true
4. false
5. true
6. false
7. true
8. false
9. false
10. true

Short Questions & Answers : (1, 2 marks for each question)

Question 1.
What are the uses of fossil fuels?
Answer:
Fossil fuels are used to – a) run generator. b) run power tiller. c) for running launch, aeroplane.

Question 2.
What are directly related to population explosion?
Answer:
With the growth of population – a) production of more food, b) Construction of more accomodation, c) increase of transport and d) establishment of more factories are necessary.

Question 3.
In early days how people used to go from one place to another?
Answer:
In early days people used bullock cart, horse, ass, elephant, stagecoach, boat etc or walked on foot to go from one place to another.

Question 4.
Nowadays how people travel from one place to another?
Answer:
Nowadays people use train, tram, bus, aeroplane, motorcycle, ship, launch etc to travel from one place to another.

Question 5.
What are environment-friendly forms of energies?
Answer:
Conventional forms of energies are exhausting day by day, they have also detrimental effects on our environment. Hence, we have to explore the posibilities of some new sources of energy. These energies would have less harmful effect on us. These are environment friendly forms of energies. Some such energies are – solar energy, wind energy, energy from biomass.

Question 6.
How solar energy is produced?
Answer:
The solar cell generates electricity during the day-time using the sunlight directly. The energy thus generated, is being accumulated in the batteries connected with solar pannels. It has got its use at night or during dimlight of day.

Question 7.
What are the various uses of solar energy?
Answer:
The various uses of solar energy are solar light, solar cap, solar cooker, solar bike, solar water-heater, solar signal, solar mobile charger

Question 8.
What are the advantages of using wind energy?
Answer:
The advantages are –
i) Their is no shortage of air flow.
ii) Once installed, the wind mills serve for a long time.
iii) The wind mills can be used as local generators for areas where installation of long transmission cable is not possible.

Question 9.
How energy from Bio-mass is produced?
Answer:
The excreta of animals the various organic wastes and different materials of plant and animal origin can be gathered in a large ditch. After anacrobic digestion, it produces bio-gas which can be used for different purposes.

Question 10.
Name some other eco-friendly sources of energy?
Answer:
Some other eco-friendly sources of energy are Tidal energy, Geo-thermal energy etc.

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
Mention some of the uses of heat energy.
Answer:
Heat energy is used –
a) for cooking.
b) electricity generation.
c) sterilising of knife, scissors before operation.
d) making bricks.
e) driving the steam engine.
f) burning of clay made things.
g) in smithy to make different kinds of tools.

Question 2.
Write down some uses of electrical energy.
Answer:
Electrical energy is used –
a) to operate the machine in industry.
b) for using computer.
c) for playing loudspeaker.
d) for running rail, tram.
e) to operate washing machine.
f) charging of mobile phone.
g) X-ray.

Question 3.
Is the source of underground fossil fuels in exhaustible?
Answer:
Yes, the source of under guound fossil is exhaustible. It took many millions and millons of years for the formation of the energy sources like coal or petroleum under the soil of earth. We are spending the resources in very short time comparable to the time of their formation. In this way a day will come when all the sources of coal or minerals would be exhausted.

Question 4.
Discuss the ways how the use of energy could be done as minimum as possible?
Answer:
a) The over use and wastages of energy have to be scaled down.
b) The life of coal and petroleum can be lengthened by producing less-polluting fuel in an appropriate way.
c) The gases emitted from the bed of rocks underneath or from the crevices of the hills, are generally wasted, we have to make use of such gases.
d) Instead of pumping out underground water for irrigation or drinking purposes, we can use the surface water from rivers etc.
e) If possible use of non-machanised boat for transportation or use of bicycles would be encouraged, it will save fossil-fuel.
f) Unnecessary use of energy in various types of amusements is to be curtailed down.
g) We have to ensure the awareness of everyone about the use of non-conventional sources of energy.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 7 Science Book Solutions Chapter 1.4 Electricity offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 1.4 Question Answer – Electricity

(Page no. 55)

Complete the table.
Answer:

Class 7 Science Chapter 1.4 Question Answer West Bengal Board –Electricity

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
The fish that can produce electricity in their body-
i) electric eel fish
ii) cat fish
iii) trout fish
Answer:
i) electric eel fish

Question 2.
Inside electric iron there is wire made of-
i) Copper
ii) Silver
iii) Nichrome
Answer:
iii) Nichrome.

Question 3.
Filament is made up of –
i) Aluminium
ii) Tungsten
iii) Nickel
Answer:
ii) Tungsten

Question 4.
At a relatively low temperature fuse wire-
i) melts
ii) remains it is
iii) changes slightly
Answer:
i) melts

Question 5.
A combination of number of cells forms-
i) dry cell
ii) filament
iii) battery
Answer:
iii) Battery.

Question 6.
Positive terminal is marked by the sign-
i) +
ii) –
iii) ×
Answer:
i) +

Question 7.
Good conductor of electricity is-
i) wood
ii) plastic
iii) copper
iv) paper
Answer:
iii) copper.

Question 8.
In the cell chemical energy is converted into-
i) mechanical energy
ii) chemical energy
iii) magnetic energy
iv) electrical energy
Answer:
iv) electrical energy

Question 9.
Other name of disposal cell is-
i) secondary cell
ii) primary cell
iii) button cell
iv) terminal
Answer:
ii) primary cell

Question 10.
If the circuit is not disconnected any where then that circuit is called-
i) closed circuit
ii) open circuit
iii) blocked circuit
Answer:
i) closed circuit

Question 11.
A bad conductor of electricity-
i) copper
ii) iron
iii) China clay
iv) silver
Answer:
iii) China clay

Question 12.
In electric calling bell there is-
i) static electricity
ii) electromagnet
iii) natural magnet
Answer:
ii) electromagnet.

Question 13.
In solar calculator the energy of light from the sun is transformed into-
i) electrical energy
ii) magnetic energy
iii) electromagnetic energy
Answer:
i) electrical energy

Question 14.
The sfficiency of solar panel is-
i) high
ii) very high
iii) low
iv) very low
Answer:
iv) very low

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. ________ is formed by combination of a number of cells.
Answer:
Battery.

2. ________ is called ‘primary cell’ or ‘disposable cell’.
Answer:
Dry cell.

3. There are ________ substances in the cell of torch.
Answer:
chemical.

4. The inner part of the bulbs which glows when switch is on, is called ________.
Answer:
filament.

5. Plastic, china clay, wood ete are all ________ of electricity.
Answer:
bad conductor.

6. In electric calling bell ________ is used.
Answer:
electromagnet.

7. In electric iron there is ________ wire.
Answer:
Nichrome.

8. The filament of bulb is made of ________ metal.
Answer:
tungsten.

9. ________ wire is used for the safety of any electrical circuit.
Answer:
Fuse.

10. In telephone ________ is used.
Answer:
electromagnet.

11. The body fluids of all organisms contain various charged ________.
Answer:
particles.

12. The positive end of LED is ________ than the negative end.
Answer:
larger.

State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)

1. Dry cells are used in torch.
2. There are physical substances in the cell of a torch.
3. Battery is formed by combination of a number of cells.
4. If the number of turns of wire increases then the magnetic strength of electromagnet also increases.
5. If the quantity of electricity increases, the strength of the electromagnet decreases.
6. Fuse wire is used for the safety of any electrical circuit.
7. The filament of bulb is made of Aluminium metal.
8. The bodies of all living organisms consist of molecules and atom.
9. There is a system to generate electricity in bodies of Hilsa, Trout fish.
10. Brain consists of numerous nerve cells.
Answer:
1. true
2. false
3. true
4. true
5. false
6. true
7. false
8. true
9. false
10. false

Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) Electro magnet is used	i) electronic wristwatch
b) The number of cells increases	ii) has two terminals
c) Electricity can not pass	iii) in solar calculator
d) Button cell is used in	iv) relatively low tremperature
e) A cell	v) through plastic goods
f) Primary cell is known as	vi) inside the electric iron
g) Solar panel supplies electricity	vii) to make motor
h) Fuse wire melts at a	viii) is made of tungsten
i) Nicrome wire is used	ix) strength of electreomagnet increases
j) The filament of a bulb	x) disposable cell

Answer:
a) Electro magnet is used to make motor.
b) The number of cells increases strength of electreomagnet increases
c) Electricity can not pass through plastic goods.
d) Button cell is used in electronic wristwatch.
e) A cell has two terminals.
f) Primary cell is known as disposable cell.
g) Solar panel supplies electricity in solar calculator.
h) Fuse wire melts at a relatively low tremperature.
i) Nicrome wire is used inside the electric iron.
j) The filament of a bulb is made of tungsten.

Short Questions & Answers : (1,2 marks for each question)

Question 1.
What is ‘primary cell’ or ‘disposable cell’?
Answer:
There are chemical substances in the cell of torch. In the cell chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. This cell is called ‘pimary cell’ or ‘disposable cell’.

Question 2.
How many terminals are there in a ‘cell’?
Answer:
A ‘cell’ has two terminals-a) ‘Metallic cap’ terminal or (+) signed terminal. b) ‘Metallic disk’ terminal or (-) signed terminal.

Question 3.
Do you know any device which can be run by solar energy?
Answer:
Solar cooker. solar table fan, solar tubelight. solar street light etc. are run by solar energy.

Question 4.
What is Button cell?
Answer:
The cell present in the electronics wrist watch looks like a button. This is called Button cell.

Question 5.
What is secondary cell?
Answer:
There are six or more than that cells in the powerful battery of a car. Such type of cell is called secondary cell.

Question 6.
What is filament? Explain how it is connected inside a bulb?
Answer:
The inner part of the bulb which glows when switch is on, is called filament.
Filament is connected between two thick metallic wires. One of that two thick wires is connected with the positive (+ signed) terminal of the cell and other is connected with the negative (- signed) terminal of the cell.

Question 7.
What is circuit?
Answer:
To make the bulb glow, both the terminals of the bulb are connected with the opposite terminals of the cell. This arrangement is called circuit.

Question 8.
What is open and closed circuit?
Answer:
An open circuit is one where the continuity has been broken by an interruption in the path for current to flow. A closed circuit is one that is complete, with good continuity throughout.

Question 9.
Which subtances are called ‘good conductors of electricity’?
Answer:
The subtances through which electricity can pass easily are called good conductor of electricity. As example – Copper, Iron, Aluminium.

Question 10.
Which substances are called ‘bad conductors of electricity’ or insulators?
Answer:
The subtances through which electricity cannot pass are called bad conductors of electricity or insulators. As example-plastic, wood, glass.

Question 11.
What is electromagnet?
Answer:
If wire is bound around a magnetic substance (Iron, Nickel, Cobalt) and electricity is passed through it, the magnetic substance transforms into a magnet. This type of magnet is called electromagnet. When flow of electricity is stopped, it loses its magnetic property.

Question 12.
How the strength of a electromagnet could be increased?
Answer:
(a) If the number of turns of wire increases then the magnetic strength of electromagnet also increases.
(b) If the number of cells increases i.e. the quantity of electricity increases, the strength of the electromagnet increases.

Question 13.
Name some organisms which can generate electricity in their body. How they use it?
Answer:
There is a system to generate electricity in the bodies of the Jellyfish and electric eel fish. They can generate sufficiently strong electricity. This electricity stuns the enemies and keeps them away.

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
What is LED?
Answer:
The full form of LED is Light Emitting Diode.
It is an electronic device that glows even by a little amount of electricity. It has no filament. Its positive end is larger than the negative end. An LED is not destroyed even in 20 years. Different coloured LEDs are available in the market.

Question 2.
Mention some applications of heating effect of electric current.
Answer:
Some applications of heating effect of electric current are –
a) Electric Iron : Here Nichrome wire is wrapped on Mica. Nichrome wire is heated when electricity is passed through it.
b) Electric Bulb : The filament of bulb made of Tungsten generates heat when electricity is passed through it. Light energy is generated due to transform of heat.
c) Fuse wire : Fuse wire melts at very low temperature. So it is used for the safety of any electrical circuit. When an excess amount of electricity passes through fuse wire due to any reason, it is heated very much and melts. As a result the circuit is cut off and flow of electricity is stopped.

Question 3.
What is solar calculator?
Answer:
Solar calculator is a special type of electronic device. This device runs by electrical energy. Actually solar panel supplies electricity in solar calculator. This panel is constituted by some solar cells. The energy of sunlight is transformed into electrical energy when it falls on solar panel.

Question 4.
Discuss the relation between electrical energy and living world.
Answer:
The relation between electrical energy and living world is very close. The bodies of all living organisms consist of molecules and atoms. Sometimes they can be ionised. At the time of staying in different liquids of living organisms ionised atoms or radicals participate in different physiological activities.

Question 5.
Discuss the influence of electrical energy in the body of human being.
Answer:
a) A special type of component is present in the muscles of heart. The electrical stimulation made by them generates heart beats which is spread in the body in the form of waves.
b) Nerve impulse of brain is also electrical. Brain consists of numerous nerve cells. Different informations are conducted through nerve cells with the help of electrical stimulations. As a result, contraction and expansion of muscles are possible. We can move and do various types of activities.

Question 6.
What is resting potential?
Answer:
In normal situation due to the presence of excess positive charge in the outside of membrance and excess negative charge inside of membrance a potential difference is developed. This is called resting potential. Nerve cells conducts the stimulation only when changes in resting potential occur.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 7 Science Book Solutions Chapter 1.3 Magnet offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 1.3 Question Answer – Magnet

(Page no. 38)

Now take the bar magnet near each of these obfects and note which of these are being attracted by the magnet.
Answer:

Class 7 Science Chapter 1.3 Question Answer West Bengal Board –Magnet

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
A magnetic substance-
i) plastic
ii) wood
iii) iron
iv) stone
Answer:
iii) iron

Question 2.
A non-magnetic substance-
i) plastic
ii) cobalt
iii) iron
iv) nickel
Answer:
i) plastic

Question 3.
Magnetities are called-
i) natural magnets
ii) artificial magnets
iii) man-made magnets
Answer:
i) natural magnets

Question 4.
The attractive power of a bar magnet is strongest at its-
i) north pole
ii) midpoint
iii) both poles
Answer:
iii) both poles

Question 5.
Two opposite poles of magnets-
i) repulse
ii) attract
iii) remain neutral
Answer:
ii) attract

Question 6.
Which is incorrect-
i) induction occurs before attraction
ii) like poles repel each other
iii) a magnet has directional property
iv) single magnetic pole can exist
Answer:
iv) single magnetic pole can exist

Question 7.
Heating destroys magnetic property of-
i) ATM card
ii) hard disk of a computer
iii) loudspeaker
iv) all of these
Answer:
iv) all of these

Question 8.
There is a magnetite in pigeon’s body between-
i) neck and head
ii) neck and breast
iii) skull and brain
iv) between two wings
Answer:
iii) skull and brain

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. About 2500 years ago a shepherd named _____ discovered magnet.
Answer:
Magnes

2. Material that are not attracted by a magnet are called _____ substances.
Answer:
non-magnetic.

3. Materials that are attracted by a magnet are called _______ substances.
Answer:
magnetic

4. ______ is a non-magnetic substance.
Answer:
Rubber

5. One end of a magnet is north-pole and another end is ______.
Answer:
south-pole

6. Magnetites are called ______.
Answer:
natural magnets

7. A _____ has the property to attract iron.
Answer:
magnet

8. Unlike poles of magnets _____, whereas like poles _____ each other.
Answer:
attract, repel

9. The earth itself behaves like a huge _______.
Answer:
magnet

10. ______ are used in dynamo of a bicycle.
Answer:
magnets

11. _____ birds and ______ travel following the lines of force of earth’s magnetic field.
Answer:
Migratory, turtles.

12. There is a small black magnetic substance between the skull and brain of ________.
Answer:
pigeons

State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)

1. Electromagnets are used in electric calling bell.
2. A blade is attracted by magnet.
3. A rubber is attracted by magnet.
4. Cobalt is not attracted by magnet.
5. North poles of two magnets attı act each other.
6. A magnet suspended freely always comes to rest only north-south direction.
7. Only one pole exists in a magnet.
8. Magnetic poles always exist in pairs.
9. The earth itself behaves like a huge magnet.
10. Magnets are not used in loudspeakers.
11. Magnetic trips are used in ATM cards and credit cards.
12. Attraction occures before induction.
Answer:
1. true
2. true
3. false
4. false
5. false
6. true
7. false
8. true
9. true
10. false
11. true
12. false

a. Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) A magnet has	i) in electric meters
b) A magnet attracts	ii) before attraction
c) Heating destroys	iii) can not exist
d) Magnets are used	iv) two opposite poles
e) An animal can	v) kept near loudspeakers
f) Induction occurs	vi) magnetized strip of steel
g) Single magnetic poles	vii) magnetic materials
h) Strong magnet should not	viii) two types
i) Magnetic needle is small	ix) magnetic property
j) Magnets are of	x) recognize earth’s magnetic field

Answer:
a) A magnet has two opposite poles.
b) A magnet attracts magnetic materials.
c) Heating destroys magnetic property.
d) Magnets are used in electric meters.
e) An animal can recognize earth’s magnetic field.
f) Induction occurs before attraction.
g) Single magnetic poles can not exist.
h) Strong magnet should not kept near loudspeakers.
i) Magnetic needle is small magnetized strip of steel.
j) Magnets are of two types.

Very Short Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
What type of magnet is magnetite?
Answer:
Magnetite is a natural magnet.

Question 2.
Who and how many years ago discovered magnet?
Answer:
About 2500 years ago a shepherd named Magnes discovered magnet.

Question 3.
What are Magnetic substances? Give example.
Answer:
Materials that are attracted by a magnet are Magnetic subtances. Example-iron, nickel, cobalt.

Question 3.
What are Magnetic substances?
Answer:
Materials that are not attracted by a magnet are called non-magnetic substances. Example-plastic, rubber, wool.

Question 5.
What type of magnet is produced if electricity is passed through iron?
Answer:
Electro-magnet is produced.

Question 6.
Name two things where electromagnets are used.
Answer:
Electromagnets are used in electric calling bell and electric motors.

Question 7.
What are Artificial Magnets?
Answer:
Artificial Magnets are prepared by magnetising some suitable magnetic subtances.

Question 8.
What is the directive property of magnet?
Answer:
The property by which a floating or hung magnet is able to rotate freeely orienting itself North-South is called directive property of magnet.

Question 9.
What is bar magnet?
Answer:
A bar magnet is a magnetised sample of steel having a rectangular paralleopipod shape.

Question 10.
What are non-magnetic substances?
Answer:
Materials that are not attracted by a magnet are called non-magnetic substances. Example – plastic, wood, paper.

Short Questions & Answers : (2 marks for each question)

Question 1.
What are Natural Magnets or Magneite?
Answer:
Magnets which are available in nature are Natural Magnets or Magnetite. However, these are not commercially available. Such materials are available in specific areas only

Question 2.
Where do you think the attracting power of the magnet is (i) the strongest, (ii) the weakest.
Answer:
i) The attracting power of a bar magnet is strongest at its both ends. These regions are called the ‘pole of the magner’.
ii) Attracting power of a magnet is practically zero at its mid point. The region is called the ‘neutral zone’ of a magnet.

Question 3.
What is magnetic length? How it can be calculated?
Answer:
The distance between the north and the south poles of a magnet is called magnetic length of a bar fisagnet. This length is about 0.86 times the geometric length of the magnet.
So magnetic : ingth = 0.86 × geometric lentgth of the magnet.

Question 4.
What is magnetic axis?
Answer:
The line segments obtained by joining the geometric poles of a magnet, is called the magnetic axis.

Question 5.
Mention some roles of Magnetic field on the Physiology of Animals.
Answer:
The effect of magnetic field on some organisms had been studied by scientists. Beginning their journey from their native habitats, migratory birds and animals reach their winter habitats by following the lines of force of earth magnetic field.

Question 6.
What is magnetic field?
Answer:
The region around a magnet where its attractive and repulsive effects are felt, is called the magnetic field of the bar magnet.

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
What is magnetic induction?
Answer:
When a magnet attracts a magnetic material, the material is magnetised by induction, then it becorves a temporary magnet and under the influence of the bar magnet it can attract other magnetic materials. This phenomenon is known as ‘magnetic induction’.

Question 2.
Write down the properties of a magnet.
Answer:
The properties of a magnet are –
a) A magnet attracts magnetic materials.
b) A magnet has directive property.
c) Like poles repel each other, unlike poles attract each other.
d) A magnet can induce magnetism in a magnetic substance.
e) Attraction follows induction.
f) A magnet always has two opposite poles.
g) Single magnetic poles cannot exist.

Question 3.
Is the Earth a magnet?
Answer:
The earth itself behaves like a huge bar magnet. We have learnt that the unlike poles attract each other. If a bar magnet is suspended from a support and allowed to rotate freely, it rests itself in North-South direction. This is because the magnetic North Pole of the earth is near the geographical South Pole, whereas the magnetic south pole is near the geographical North Pole.

Question 4.
What the North Pole and South Pole of a magnet actually means?
Answer:
Actually the so-called North and South Poles of a magnet should properly be called ‘Nouth-seeking pole’ and ‘South-seeking pole’ respectively. However, in our everyday ‘North pole’ and ‘South pole’ respectively.

Question 5.
What are Electro-magnets?
Answer:
When an iron bar is wrapped with an electric wire and electricity is passed through it. it behaves like a magnet. This type of magnet is called electromagnet.

Question 6.
Write down some uses of magnet.
Answer:
Uses of magnet –

1. Crews of ship use marine conpass that help them navigate their vessel.
2. The spools of audio and video cassettes are coated with a magnetic substance.
3. Magnetic strips are used in ATM cards and credit cards.
4. The hard disks of computers contains plastic disk coated with a magnetised material.
5. Many toys employ magnets.
6. Doctors use a special type of magnet to extract finer dust of iron accidentally fallen in someone’s eyes.
7. Magnets are used in loudspeakers.
8. Magnets are used in dynamo of a cycle.
9. Magnets are used in electric meters.
10. The door of refrigerators have magnets attached with them.

Question 7.
What precautions should be used in handling magnets?
Answer:
Instruments in which magnets are used must be handled with care. Such instruments must not be heated. Heating destroys magnetic property. The magnetic strips of two ATM cards kept together must not face each other. No strong magnet should not be kept near loudspeakers, TV, radio or hard disk of a computer.

Question 8.
How Aurora is formed?
Answer:
A special kind of rays called cosmic rays, enter the earth’s atmosphere. The charged particles in cosmic rays interact with the earth’s magnetic field and two radiation zones (Van Allen radiation belt) are formed. Auroral is also fromed. Living organisms utilise this aurora for their survival.

Question 9.
How can an animal recognize earth’s magnetic field?
Answer:
There is a black structure between the skull and brain of pigeons. This contains magnetic substance, called magnetite. In the dusk, pigeons return to their nests without mistake. However. if small magnets are fixed to their head. they fail to do so and fly in wrong direction. Magnetites have been found in some bees and animals.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 7 Science Book Solutions Chapter 1.2 Light offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 1.2 Question Answer – Light

(Page no. 16)

1. Fill in the blanks in the following table. Put a [✓] mark in the appropriate place.
Answer:

Class 7 Science Chapter 1.2 Question Answer West Bengal Board –Light

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
A luminous object-
i) umbrella
ii) brick
iii) star
iv) wood
Answer:
iii) star

Question 2.
A non-luminous object-
i) sun
ii) firefly
iii) burning candle
iv) stone
Answer:
iv) stone

Question 3.
A transparent object-
i) air
ii) wood
iii) iron
iv) wall
Answer:
i) air

Question 4.
An opaque object-
i) air
ii) wood
iii) water
iv) transparent glass
Answer:
ii) wood

Question 5.
A translucent object–
i) air
ii) water
iii) glass
iv) oil paper
Answer:
iv) oil paper

Question 6.
Light can propagate-
i) without medium
ii) with medium
iii) both are true
iv) both are false
Answer:
i) without medium

Question 7.
Ultra violet rays of sun-
i) can cause skin cancer
ii) is harmful to the DNA molecules
iii) can cause harm lens of eye.
iv) all are true
Answer:
iv) all are true

Question 8.
Number of colours present in sunlight are-
i) five
ii) three
iii) seven
iv) six
Answer:
iii) seven

Question 9.
Flowering is possible in wheat if daylight length-
i) exceeds 12 hours
ii) less than 12 hours
iii) exceeds 8 hours
iv) less than 8 hours
Answer:
i) exceeds 12 hours

Question 10.
Fireflies produce light in their own body-
i) to search food
ii) to communicate between themselves
iii) to attack others
Answer:
ii) to communicate between themselves

Question 11.
When reflection occures from uneven surfaces, it is called-
i) regular reflection
ii) diffuse reflection
iii) none of the two
Answer:
ii) diffuse reflection

Question 12.
In letter M Lateral inversion-
i) will not occur
ii) will occur
iii) may occur, may not occur
Answer:
i) will not occur

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. The reflection from any smooth surface is ______ reflection of light.
Answer:
regular

2. Tracing paper is an example of ______ object.
Answer:
translucent

3. Objects on the other side of ______ objects can not be seen at all.
Answer:
opaque

4. A ______ camera is a simple camera without a lens but with a tiny aperture.
Answer:
pinhole

5. The sunlight is a mixture of rays of different ______ .
Answer:
colours

6. In a plane mirror if the angle of reflection is 60° then the angle of deviation would be ______ .
Answer:
60°

7. In nature a ______ is formed due to dispersion of sunlight.
Answer:
rainbow

8. Movement of migratory birds from colder regions to warmer regions depends on the intensity of ______.
Answer:
sunlight

9. The ray that represents the light reflected by the surface is known as ______ .
Answer:
incident ray

10. The angle between the normal and incident ray is known as ______ .
Answer:
angle of incidence

11. In a pinhole camera the smaller the hole, the finer is the optical ______ .
Answer:
impression

12. When the source of light is ______ both penumbra and umbra are formed.
Answer:
large

State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)

1. Firefly can emit light, so it is called source of light.
2. When the size of the light source is very small, we call it a point source.
3. When the source of light is large, only the umbra is formed.
4. The ray of light that bounces back from the mirror is called the index ray.
5. The angle between the normal and incident ray is known as angle of incidence
6. The angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are equal:
7. When reflection occurs from uneven surfaces, it is called regular reflection.
8. Rainbow is formed due to dispersion of sunlight.
9. The sunlight is a mixture of eight rays of different colours.
10. Sir Issac Newton discovered dispersion in 1866.
11. The process of seperation of different colours of light from a polychromatic light is called dispersion.
12. Sunlight is a polychromatic light.
13. Layer of Ozone gas prevents ultraviolet rays.
14. X-ray is one type of invisible light which can not pass through our skin and flesh.
Answer:
1. true
2. true
3. false
4. false
5. true
6. true
7. false
8. true
9. false
10. false
11. true
12. true
13. true
14. false

a. Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) Ultraviolet light very harmful	i) under our skin
b) Fingerlings of Salmon fishes	ii) is known as spectrum
c) Movements of migratory birds	iii) straight line
d) Plants can not prepare food	iv) is regular reflection of light
e) We have melanin	v) the umbra is formed
f) The band of seven colours	vi) depends on the intensity of sunlight
g) The reflection from smooth surface	vii) to the DNA molecules
h) Light moves along a	viii) without any medium
i) When we use a point source	ix) without sunlight
j) Light can propagate	x) die if they receive less light

Answer:
a) Ultraviolet light very harmful.to the DNA molecules.
b) Fingerlings of Salmon fishes die if they receive less light.
c) Movements of migratory birds depends on the intensity of sunlight.
d) Plants can not prepare food without sunlight.
e) We have melanin under our skin,
f) The band of seven colours is known as spectrum.
g) The reflection from smooth surface is regular reflection of light.
h) Light moves along a straight line.
i) When we use a point source the umbra is formed.
j) Light can propagate without any medium.

Very Short Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
How many kinds of reflection are there?
Answer:
According to the nature of reflector reflection of light are of two types – a) regular reflection and b) diffuse reflection.

Question 2.
What kind of reflection helps us to see objects?
Answer:
Diffuse reflection helps us to see objects.

Question 3.
Which reflection creates image?
Answer:
Regular reflection creates image.

Question 4.
What type of image is formed in a plane mirror?
Answer:
Virtual image is formed in a plane mirror.

Question 5.
State an example of internal full reflection in nature.
Answer:
Mirage is an example of internal full reflection.

Question 6.
Is mirage a real image or virtual image?
Answer:
Mirage is a virtual image.

Question 7.
Which image cannot be formed on a screen?
Answer:
Virtual image cannot be fromed on a screen.

Question 8.
What type of reflection occurs in opaque glass?
Answer:
Diffuse reflection occurs in a opaque glass.

Question 9.
Which of these letters would have lateral inversion – D, T, A, P, B, C, N, W.
Answer:
D, P, B, C and N – these letters would have lateral inversion.

Question 10.
Give a natural example of internal full reflection.
Answer:
Air bubble in water dazzles – this is an example of internal full reflection.

Question 11.
How a ray of light changes its path when it travels from denser medium to rarer medium?
Answer:
A ray of light travelling from a denser medium to a rarer medium bends away from the normal. The angle of refraction is more than the angle of incidence.

Question 12.
Give an example of natural dispersion of light.
Answer:
A rainbow is an example of natural dispersion of light.

Question 13.
What is pure dispersion?
Answer:
In a dispersion where every colour is clearly and distinctly visible, it is called pure dispersion.

Question 14.
Give two uses of magnifying glass.
Answer:
Magnifying glass is used to read small letters in a book. It is used by watchmakers and repairers to see the minute parts of the watches.

Question 15.
At what distance an object should be placed from a convex lens to form image? What kind of image would be formed diminished or enlarged image?
Answer:
If an object is placed nearer than the length of focus of a convex lens then the object would have enlarged virtual image.

Question 16.
Is the velocity of red light and blue light same in glass? If not which one is faster?
Answer:
In glass the velocity of red and blue light are not same. In glass the velocity of red light is the greatest.

Question 17.
How we can distinguish between planet and a star?
Answer:
The heavenly bodies whose light seems to be constant are planets, and those whose lights seems to twinkle are stars.

Question 18.
What is the velocity of light in vaccum?
Answer:
The velocity of light in vaccum is = 3 × 10⁸ m/sec.

Question 19.
What is the velocity of light in water?
Answer:
The velocity of light in water is = 2.25 × 108 m/sec.

Question 20.
What is complementary colour?
Answer:
If the two colours mixed create white colour then they are called complementary colours. As example – yellow and blue are complementary colours.

Question 21.
In which medium water or glass, velocity of light is greater?
Answer:
Light travels faster in rarer medium than in denser medium. So light travels faster in water than in glass.

Question 22.
What type of wave is light?
Answer:
Light is a form of electromagnetic wave that needs no medium to travel.

Question 23.
What is the similarity between reflection and internal full reflection?
Answer:
The similarity is both of them follow rules.

Question 24.
At which position of an object convex lens forms real image?
Answer:
From convex lens if an object is placed at the length same or greater to its focus length then the object will form real image.

Question 25.
What is reflection?
Answer:
When light falls on a mirror, it comes back, this incident is caled reflection.

Question 26.
What is ‘point of incidence’.
Answer:
The point at which the ray of light touches the mirror is known as ‘point of incidence’.

Question 27.
What is reflector?
Answer:
The line which represents the position of the mirror is known as ‘reflector’.

Question 28.
What is normal?
Answer:
The line drawn perpendicular to the reflector at the point of incidence is called the normal.

Question 29.
What is angle of incidence?
Answer:
The angle between the normal and incident ray is known as angle of incidence.

Question 30.
What is angle of reflection?
Answer:
The angle between the normal and the reflected ray is known as angle of reflection.

Question 31.
Write the names of few flowers that bloom during summer days.
Answer:
Sunflower, Balsam, Tulip.

Question 32.
Write the names of few flowers that bloom during winter days.
Answer:
Marrigold, Dahlia, Rose.

Question 33.
Write the names of two plants whose process of flowering – requires day-length more than 12 hours.
Answer:
Wheat. Radish.

Question 34.
Write the names of two plants whose process of flowering requires day length less than 12 hours.
Answer:
Sunflower, Tomato.

Short Questions & Answers : (2 marks for each question)

Question 1.
What is luminous object? Give example.
Answer:
The object which smits light from its own source internally is called luminous object. Sun. stars. glowworm etc. are luminus objects.

Question 2.
What is non-luminous object?
Answer:
The objects which emit light from other source externally or through reflection of the luminous body is called non-luminous object. Bricks. wood, stone etc. are non-luminous object

Question 3.
What is extended luminous source?
Answer:
When the size of a luminous source is larger than the ‘point source’, the source is known as extended luminous source, like – Sun, torch, electric bulb etc.

Question 4.
What is point source?
Answer:
When the size of the light source is very small, we call it point source, like – light passing through a pinhole in black cardboard.

Question 5.
What is transparent medium?
Answer:
The medium through which light can pass easily is called transparent medium. Air, transparent glass. water etc. are known as ‘transparent objects”.

Question 6.
What is ‘Incident Ra’ and what is ‘Reflected Ray’?
Answer:
The ray of the light approaching the mirror is known as ‘Indcident Ray’.
The ray of light that leaves the mirror is called ‘Reflected Ray’.

Question 7.
What is opaque medium?
Answer:
The objects or medium through which light cannot pass at all are called opaque medium. Objects like wood, wall, iron etc. are known as opaque objects as light cannot pass through them.

Question 8.
What is Translucent media?
Answer:
Through some objects light couldn’t pass well. it passes in a mild and faded way, those sorts of objects or media are called translucent objects or translucent media. Ground glass. fog. tracing paper etc are translucent media.

Question 9.
Write down a property of light.
Answer:
Light moves along a straight line. This is one of the properties of light.

Question 10.
What is light ray?
Answer:
The imaginary rectilinear path with an arrow representing a path of light is known as light ray. Light ray does not exist in reality.

Question 11.
What is Beam of light? How many types are they?
Answer:
A collection of light rays is called as beam of light. Beam of light are of three types –
a. Parallel beam of light.
b. Divergent beam of light.
c. Convergent beam of light.

Question 12.
When umbra and penumbra is formed?
Answer:
When the source of light is large, then both the penumbra and umbra are formed, but when we use a point source only the umbra is formed. The darker portion of a shadow is umbra and the partially dark portion is penumbra.

Question 13.
State the laws of reflection.
Answer:
a) The angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are equal.
b) Incident ray, reflected ray and the normal on the reflector at the point of incidence must lie on the same plane.

Question 14.
What is Regular reflection?
Answer:
When reflection occurs on the polished surface it is called Regular reflection. The reflection from any smooth surface is regular reflection of light. The reflection on a plane mirror or curved mirror is an example of Regular reflection.

Question 15.
What is the surface of the separation of the two media?
Answer:
When two liquids of different density is mixed, then the surface of contact of the two liquidshaving different density, is called surface of separation of the two media.

Question 16.
What is the refraction of light?
Answer:
When light ray pases from one medium to another medium, it changes its path from the surface of separation of two media. This phenomenon of light is called refraction of light.

Question 17.
Which letter from A to Z suffer lateral inversion?
Answer:
The letters which suffer lateral inversion are – B, C, D, E, F, G, J, K, L, N, P, Q, R, S, Y and Z.

Question 18.
Why is word ‘AMBULANCE’ written in a reverse way on the car?
Answer:
The letters on the front of an ambulance are written laterally inverted like. The driver of the vehicle moving on road ahead of the ambulance reads these words laterally inverted as AMBULANCE in his rear view mirror and so he gives side to pass the ambulance first.

Question 19.
What is compound light?
Answer:
The Sunlight is actually a compound of number of rays of different colours. This type of light is called compound light.

Question 20.
What is ‘Spectra’? What is ‘dispersion’?
Answer:
When the Sunlight passes through a prism, the lights of different colours are separated from each other. We distinguish the light in seven colours. This band of seven colours is known as ‘Spectra’. The process of separation of different colours of light from a compound light is called as “dispersion”.

Question 21.
Who discovered ‘dispersion’? What are seven colours in Sunlight?
Answer:
The famous scientist Sir Issac Newton discovered ‘dispersion’ in 1666. The seven colours in sunlight are 1. Violet
2. Indigo
3. Blue
4. Green
5. Yellow
6. Orange
7. Red

Question 22.
How the living world is saved from the ultra-violet ray of Sun?
Answer:
in the atmosphere high above the Earth, there is a layer of Ozone gas. This is known as Ozonosphere. This layer absorbs Ultra-violet rays otherwise the living world would have been in great danger.

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
What is Deffuse reflection?
Answer:
When reflection occurs in uncven surfaces. then it is called diffuse reflection of light. In diffuse reflection, when a parallel beam of light falls on a rough surface. they donot remain parallel after reflection. The diffused rays, after reflection goes in different directions. For example, the reflection on the wall, trees, soil, screen of the cinema hall etc.

Question 2.
What is a pinhole camera and how does it work?
Answer:
A pinhole camera is a simple camera without a lens but with a tiny apperature. A pinhole camera – effectively a light-proof box with a small hole in one side. Light frpom a scene passes through the aperture and projects an inverted image on the opposite side of the box, which is known as the camera obscure effect.

Question 3.
Why the ozone layer is being progressively destroyed? State its ill-effect.
Answer:
Various human activities produce such gaseous compound that reach the ozone layer and destroy ozone molecules and prevent their formation. As a result of this. the ozone layer is being progressivly destroyed. Progressive destruction of the Ozone layer leads to the rise in the number of skin cancer patients all over the world day by day.

Question 4.
Write a short note on X-ray.
Answer:
X-ray is one type of an invisible light. It can pass through our skin and flesh, but it cannot pass through the bones. So we can have a photograph of the damaged portion of the bone. But prolonged use of X-ray can also cause cancer. For that reason, a baby in the womb must not be exposed to X-ray.

Question 5.
Why cannot a plant survive in dark conditions?
Answer:
It is not possible for plants to prepare food with sunlight. The green parts of plants absorb solar energy and convert it into energy of food. Different parts of plant body are able to respond to external stimuli by utilising the energy derived from food. That is why, plants cannot survive when placed in dark conditions.

Question 6.
What is Rainbow? How is it formed?
Answer:
The Rainbow is formed in nature by the process of natural dispersion of sunlight. Rainbow is generally seen in the afternoon or evening sky after a shower. There are some floating water droplets in the sky. The sunrays while passing through them undergoes dispersion and finally it produce rainbow.

Question 7.
Name one harmful invisible light. Explain how this light is harmful.
Answer:
One harmful invisible light is Ultra-Violet light. It is extremely harmful to cells of living organism. It can cause harm to lens of eye and also to the photosensitive cells in the inner layer of eyeball (ratina). Besides, the ultra-violet ray of sun can cause skin canser.

Question 8.
Distinguish between reflection of light and refraction of light.
Answer:
When light rays move from one medium to another medium. a part of the light after undergoing reflection on the surface goes back to the former medium. This phenomenon is known as reflection of light. The remaining part of the light rays enter into the second medium and changes its path. Then each ray of light moves along a different straight line. This phenomenon is called refraction of light.

Question 9.
When a pencil or stick is placed in a glass of water, it appears to be bent, why?
Answer:
This is due to refraction of light in passing from water to air. The rays of light coming from tip of pencil or stick inside water, bend away from the normal at the surface of separation of the two media. So the immersed part of the pencil or stick appears to be bent on the surface of water.

Question 10.
When water is filled in a bucket and seen from above the base of the bucket seems to have risen, why this happen?
Answer:
This happens due to refraction of light. When the light ray from the base of the bucket after passing through water (the denser medium) enters into air (the rarer medium), at that time it deviates from the normal at the surface of separation. When it reaches our eye we can see the image of the base at a height above its original position.

Question 11.
Now try to find the examples of following influences in different animals –
a. Movement of animals under the influence of light.
Answer:
Locust stop their movement when sun remains covered by dark cloud.

b. Laying of eggs of animals under the influence of light.
Answer:
Salman fishes lay eggs in sufficient light as the Fingerlings of Salman fishes die if they receive less light.

c. Changing of colour of eye under the influence of light.
Answer:
The eyes of dog, cat. tiger glow at night in darkness.

d. Changing of colour of skin under the influence of light.
Answer:
If some cave-dwelling animals are brought into sunlight, coloured pigments start to be synthesized in their skin.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 7 Science Book Solutions Chapter 1.1 Heat offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 1.1 Question Answer – Heat

(Page no. 2)

Both of the thermometers are of same type. Bulbs of both the thermometers are – immersed into the same liquid as shown in the figures 1 and 2.

a Do you think that the height of the mercury columns in the two thermometers in figure 1 have been shown correctly? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Yes, because the height of the mercury columns in the both the thermometers are same.

Do you think that the heights of the mercury columns in the two thermometers in figure 2 have been shown correctly ? Give reason for your answer.
Answer:
No, thermometers are different and ‘B’ thermometers are different. This is impossible because they immersed in same liquid.

Write the numbers chosen by you in the exact portions given below. (Page – 4)

(Page no. 5)
Fill in the following table by taking date from Table -1 and Table -2.

(Page no. 6)

Now say how many divisions are there from θ° to C and 32° to F.
Answer:
50 and 90 divisions respectively.

Now calculate 40°C in terms of degree Fahrenheit.
Answer:

(Page no. 7)

Now in a bucket water of 15°C is taken and in a tub water of 9°C is taken. Now say, what will happen after mixing of water of bucket and that of tub?
Tick ‘✓’ the correct answer.
The mixed water is less warm than the water in tub [ ]
Mixed water is more warm than water in bucket. [✓]

(Page no. 8)

Fill in the following blanks
Answer:
The rise in temperature of the water in the first container = 50°C.
The rise in temperature of the water in the second container = 75°C.

Water in which container has observed more heat to obtain the temperatures stated above?
Answer:
The second container.
Now the two containers with water at 50°C and 75°C are kept at room temperature (25°C).
After sometime water of the two containers will separately reach room temperature. The irst container with decrease by (50-25)°C = 25°C and the second container will decrease by (75-25)°C = 50°C.

water of which container will lose more quantity of heat?
Answer:
The second container.

(Page no. 9)

In which case will water absorb more heat in going from a temperature of 25°C to 50°C ? Will it be the case of one glass of water or twenty glasses of water ?
Answer:
Twenty glass of water.

Fill in the table given below :- (Page no. 10)

Now fill up the following table : (Page no. 12)

Now see whether you can explain the incidents given below. (Page no.13)

Why there is a cool sensation after bathing ?
Answer:
When we bath. some water evaporates taking the latent heat from our body. So our body loses some amount of heat. The temperature of our body becomes less than adjacent surrounding. So we feel a cool sensation after bathing.

Why the floor becomes cool when it is mopped with water?
Answer:
When floor of a room is mopped with water, the water evaporates taking the latent heat from the floor and also from the adjacent surroundings. So the floor loses heat and becomes cool.

During summer if all the doors and windows are kept open and wet curtains are hung, the room remains moderately cool. Explain.
Answer:
During summer if all the doors and windows are kept open and wet curtains are hung. the water from the curtain evaporates slowly. In this process the required latent heat is taken by water from room. so the room become cool.

Influence of heat and temperature on living being.
Answer:
Influence of heat and temperature is observed on the variation of stucture, nature and lifestyle of living being. Animals of winter zone are more hairy than the animals of summer zone. In a hot day more sweating from the human body and panting of dog is observed. All of them keep the body cool. Again to keep the body warm there is dense fur on the body of Polar Bear. The penguins hug each other for the same reason. Plats are dried up in very hot condition. Again cameleon. cold blooded animals like snake enjoy the heat of the sun or heat of the sand. These phenomena occur as a result of the influence of heat.

Let’s see, what people do when the temperaturerises. (Page no. 14)
Word troves : breathing. food intake, perspiration, work.

1. They raise perspiration rate. 2. Breathing rate is increased. 3. The diameter of Blood vessel is increased. 4. Amount of food intake is decreased. 5. Aversion to work and lethergy are seen.

What happens in the body of human beings when temperature of the body is decreased? Write that with the help of following word trove.
Word troves : trembling, food intake, sweating, hairs.
1. Trembling occurs. 2. The rate of food intake decreases. 3. Excessive sweating increases. 4. The hairs stand on end.

Discuss yourselves about phenomena where influence of heat is observed on living organisms of atmosphere and write in the space given below.
Generally white flowers blessom in the night in less temperature, the flowers with coloured petals bloom in daytime, sunflower blossoms when sun’s ray fall on it, during winter season merrigold blooms only in cold temperature.

Class 7 Science Chapter 1.1 Question Answer West Bengal Board –Heat

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
Celsius scale is divided into-
i) 80 parts
ii) 180 parts
iii) 100 parts
iv) 120 parts
Answer:
iii) 100 parts

Question 2.
Freezing point of Fahrenheit scale is –
i) 32° F
ii) 0°F
iii) 180° F
iv) 80°F
Answer:
i) 32° F

Question 3.
To make thermometer quickly effective-
i) Shape of the bulb should be large
ii) Shape of the bulb should be small
iii) Bulb should be made round in shape
Answer:
ii) Shape of the bulb should be small

Question 4.
1 Calorie =
i) 4.18400 joules
ii) 1.18400 joules
iii) 2.18400 joules
iv) 3.18400 joules
Answer:
i) 4.18400 joules

Question 5.
The amount of heat required to change the temperature of unit mass of the substance by one unit is called-
i) latent heat
ii) heat
iii) specific heat capacity
Answer:
iii) specific heat capacity

Question 6.
Temperature of substance A is 100°F and temperature of substance B is 100° C. Then say which of the following is correct.
i) B substance has more heat
ii) A substance has more heat
iii) Two substance has same heat
Answer:
i) B substance has more heat

Question 7.
Which of the following substances have highest specific heat capacity-
i) Alcohot
ii) Kerosene
iii) Water
Answer:
iii) Water

Question 8.
The instrument by which heat absorbd or heat released is measured is called-
i) Barometer
ii) Thermometer
iii) Caloriemeter
Answer:
iii) Caloriemeter

Question 9.
Heat is a from of-
i) substance
ii) energy
iii) absorber
Answer:
ii) energy

Question 10.
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 ~g of water by 1°C is called-
i) 1 J
ii) 1 K cal
iii) 1 Calorie
Answer:
iii) I Calorie

Question 11.
Water stored in earthen pots gets cooled due to-
i) evaporation
ii) boiling
iii) freezing
Answer:
i) evaporation

Question 12.
If in two same type of kettle equal quantity of water and milk are boiled by same time keeping side by side the-
i) Water and milk would began to boil at the same time
ii) Milk will boil quicker than water
iii) Water will boil faster than milk
Answer:
ii) Milk will boil quicker than water

Question 13.
Change of vapour to liquid is called-
i) melting
ii) evaporation
iii) boiling
iv) condensation
Answer:
iv) condensation

Question 14.
In SI system specific heat capacity of water is-
i) 4.2 Joule
ii) 4200 J/Kg
iii) 42 J/Kg
Answer:
ii) 4200 J/Kg

Question 15.
Change of solid to liquid is called-
i) melting
ii) evaporation
iii) melting
iv) cordensation
Answer:
i) nelting

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. All the substances do _____ a definite melting point.
Answer:
not have

2. When pressure is increased, melting point of ______ decrease.
Answer:
ice.

3. In a definite pressure pure crystal shaped substances have _______ melting and freering point.
Answer:
same.

4. When moulded iron is solidified its shape ______.
Answer:
increase.

5. Wax has _______ definite melting point.
Answer:
no.

6. Ether is a _____ liquid.
Answer:
volatile

7. If heat is the reason then temperature is its _____.
Answer:
result.

8. 0°C = – °F
Answer:
32°.

9. Clinical thermometer should not be immersed in ______ water.
Answer:
Boiling.

10. Heat is a form of ______.
Answer:
energy.

11. The degree of hotness or coldness of a body is called _______.
Answer:
temperature.

12. When two bodies of different temperatures are kept in contact, the hot body loses heat and the cold body gains lieat, till their temperatures are ______.
Answer:
same

13. The boiling process takes place ove ______ liquid.
Answer:
entire.

14. In CGS system the unit of heat is ______ .
Answer:
calories

15. Heat always flows from ______ temperature to ______ temperature.
Answer:
higher, lower.

16. Heat is a _______ quantity.
Answer:
scaler.

17. Normal temperature of a human body is 98.4°F. In celcius scale it is _______.
Answer:
36.89°C.

18. Hahrenheit is divided into _______ equal parts.
Answer:
180°

19. _____ is responsible for the change of state of a substance.
Answer:
latent heat.

20. ____ has a very high latent heat of vaporisation.
Answer:
water.

State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)

1. The floor becomes cold after mopping it with water.
2. Spirit evaporates very slowly.
3. Change from liquid to solid is calied solidification.
4. The unit used in SI system to measure heat is calorie.
5. The change of phase of a substance from solid to liquid is called melting.
6. If water is kept in an earthen pitcher, it becomes cool.
7. The leaves of babul and radhachura ere open at night.
8. When temperature of human body decreases trembling occures.
9. When body temperature rises in people breathin, rate is increased.
10. Plants are dried up in very cold condition.
Answer:
1. true
2. false
3. true
4. false
5. true
6. true
7. false
8. true
9. true
10. false

Match the following: (1 mark for each question)

a) Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) Liquid to solid–	i) after bathing
b) Vapour to liquid–	ii) snake
c) Cold-blooded animal–	iii) volatile substance
d) Spirit is a	iv) open in daylight
e) Cool sensation is felt	v) solidification
f) 0° C to 100°C–	vi) are hairy
g) Latent heat is required for	vii) condensation
h) Animals of of cold region	viii) Celsius scale
i) The leaves of some trees	ix) evaporation

Answer:
a) I.iquid to solid — solidification.
b) Vapour to liquid — condensation.
c) Cold-blooded animal — snake
d) Spirit is a volatile substance.
e) Cool sensation is felt after bathing.
f) 0° C to 100° C – Celsius scale.
g) Latent heat is required for evaporation.
h) Animals of cold region are hairy.
i) The leaves of some trees open in daylight.

Very Short Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
What is the SI unit of temperature?
Answer:
The SI unit of temperature is Kelvin (K).

Question 2.
Which liquid has the highest specific heat capacity?
Answer:
Water has the highest specific heat capacity.

Question 3.
What are the limitations of Celsius scale?
Answer:
In Celsius scale lower limit is 0°C and upper limit is 100°C.

Question 4.
How many divisions are there between upper and lower limit of Fahrenheit scale?
Answer:
In Fahrenheit scale there are divisions Upper limit – lower limit = 212°F-32°F=

Question 5.
Is heat vector quantity?
Answer:
No, heat is scaler quantity.

Question 6.
0°C or 0° F which one is lesser?
Answer:
between 0°C and 0°F, 0°F is lesser.

Question 7.
In CGS system what is the unit of temperature?
Answer:
In CGS system the unit of temperature is degree celsius.

Question 8.
What is the heat r.easering property of mercury thermometer?
Answer:
The measuring property of thermometer is its expansion due to heat.

Question 9.
1 Calorie = how many Joule?
Answer:
1 Calorie =4.2 Joule.

Question 10.
What do you mean by primary difference of a thermometer?
Answer:
The difference between the upper limitation and lower limitation of a thermoneter is called the primary difference of a thermometer.

Question 11.
What is the amount of heat given out by a body?
Answer:
Heat given out by a body = mass of the body × specific heat capacity of the body × fall in temperature of the body.

Question 12.
What is the amount of heat absorbed by a body ?
Answer:
Heat absorbed by a body = mass of the body × specific heat capacity of the body × rise in Temperature of the body.

Question 13.
How could you find out specific heat capacity of a substance?
Answer:

Question 14.
What is the unit of specific heat capacity in CGS system?
Answer:
In CGS system the unit of specific heat capacity is Calorie / gran / °C.

Question 15.
What is melting?
Answer:
Change of a substance from solid to liquid state is called melting.

Question 16.
What is solidification?
Answer:
Change of a substance from liquid to solid state is called solidification.

Question 17.
What is evaporation?
Answer:
Change of a substance from liquid to vapour state is called evaporation.

Question 18.
What is condensation?
Answer:
Change of a substance from vapour to liquid state is called condensation.

Question 19.
What is latent heat of a substance?
Answer:
Latent heat of a substance is defined as the amount of heat required to change the state of the substance without any change in temperature.

Question 20.
What is latent heat of fusion?
Answer:
The latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat required to change a substance from the solid state to its liquid state at its melting point without any change in temperature.

Question 21.
What is the latent heat of the fusion of ice?
Answer:
The latent heat of the fusion of ice is 80 calorie / gram.

Question 22.
Name a volatile substance.
Answer:
Sprit or ether is a volatile substance.

Question 23.
What is vaporization?
Answer:
Vaporization is a transitional phase of a compound or an element and it occurs during the boilling or sublimation process.

Question 24.
What is evaporation?
Answer:
Evoporation is nothing but a type of vaporization which mostly occurs at temperatures below the boiling point.

Question 25.
What is necessary for vaporization?
Answer:
Latent heat is necessary for vaporization.

Question 26.
What a dog do to keep its body cool?
Answer:
A dog projects its tongue out and pants to keep its body cool.

Question 27.
What is the unit of measuring heat in SI system?
Answer:
In SI system heat is measured in joule.

Question 28.
Name another unit other than joule which is used to measure heat.
Answer:
Other than joule heat is measured in calorie.

Question 29.
What is used to measure fever?
Answer:
Clinical thermometer is used to measure fever.

Question 30.
What is used inside thermometer?
Answer:
Mercury is used inside the thermometer.

Question 31.
In what degree celsius water converts into ice?
Answer:
In 0° celsius water converts into ice.

Short Questions & Answers : (2 marks for each question)

Question 1.
What is heat? Write down its units.
Answer:
Heat is a form of energy which causes a sensation of hotness and coldness and which can be transferred from a hotter body to a cooler body.
Units of heat are – In CGS system it is calorie and in SI system it is joule. I Calorie = 4.2 joule.

Question 2.
What is temperature? Write down its units.
Answer:
Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body. Temperture is a relative measure, or indication of hotness or coldness.
Units of temperature are – In CGS system it is degree celsius (0°C) and in SI system it is Kelvin (K).

Question 3.
What is thermometer? What is mercury thermometer?
Answer:
Thermometer is an instrument which measures the temperature of a substance perfectly. A thermometer in which mercury is used for measuring temperature is called mercury thermometer.

Question 4.
What is Celsius scale?
Answer:
The thermometer scale which was invented by the Swidish as tranomer Anders Celsius is named after him. He devised the inverted form of this scale – ice point 0°n and steam point 100°. The scale is divided into 100 parts. Every part is called 1°C.

Question 5.
What is Fahrenheit scale?
Answer:
Fahrenheit scale is a temperature scale in which the temperature of boiling water is taken as 212 degrees and the temperature of melting ice is taken as 32 degrees. It was invented by Gabriel Fahrenheit a German physicist. The scale is diveded into 180 parts and each part is taken as 1°F.

Question 6.
What do you mean by 1 calorie of heat? Is it a vector quantity?
Answer:
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of pure water by 1°C is called 1 caloric. Heat is has only magnitude but no direction so it is a scalar quantity. It is not vector quantity.

Question 7.
What is specific latent heat ?
Answer:
Specific latent heat of a substance is defined as the amount of heat required to change the state of unit mass of the substance without any change in temperature.

Question 8.
Name three factors that determine the quantity of heat absorbed by a body.
Answer:
The quantity of heat gained by a body depends on the following three factors.
a) Mass of the substance
b) Nature of the substance
c) Rise in temperature of the substance.

Question 9.
What is the principal of calorimetry ?
Answer:
The principal of calorimetry states that if two bodies at different temparatures are placed in contact with each other, the hot body will lose heat till they reach a common temperature.

Question 10.
At what temperature the reading of Fahrenheit will be twice than Celsius scale?
Answer:
Taking C = x and F = 2x.

or, 9 x = 10x – 160 or, 9x – 10 x =-160
or, – x = – 160 or x = 160
∴ Required temperatures are 160°C or 320°F

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
What are the fixed points of a thermometer? What do you mean by lower fixed point and upper fixed point of a thermometer?
Answer:
Two definite temperatures are taken as upper and lower limits to make a scale of a thermometer. There two definite limits are called fixed points of a thermometer.

Lower fixed point – In a definite temperature and in a definite atınospheric pressure when ice changes into water. then this temperature is called lower fixed point.

Upper fixed point – In a definite temperature and in a definite atmospherie pressure when water begings to boil and change into vapour, then this temperature is called upper fixed point.

Question 2.
What is relation between Celsius scale and Fahrenheit scale ?
Answer:
100 division in Celsius scale is equal to 180 division in Fahrenheit scale.
Then 1 division in Celsius scale = \(\frac{180}{100}\) division in Fahrenheit scale.
C division in Celsius scale =\(\frac{180}{100}\) divisions in Fahrenheit scale.
Then we can write \(\frac{180}{100}\) = F-32 or \(\frac{9}{5}\)=F-32 or c=(F-32)

Again \(\frac{9C}{5}\) = F-32
then \(\frac{C}{5}\) = \(\frac{F-32}{9}\)
C =\(\frac{5}{9}\)(F-32)

Question 3.
State the difference between Heat and Temperature.
Answer:

Heat	Temperature
1. Heat is a form of energy.	1. Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body.
2. Heat is the reason of temperarure.	2. Temperature is the result of heat.
3. Units of heat in CGS system is calorie and in SI system is Joule	3. Units of temperature in CGS system is degree celsius and in SI system is Kelvin.
4. Heat is measured by an instrument called calorimeter.	4. Temperature is measured by thermometer.

Question 4.
Explain why water in an earthen pitcher remains cool.
Answer:
Water in earthen pitcher remains cool. Water in earthen pitcher remains cool. In fact, numerous capillary holes are there, in the wall of earthen pitcher. Through the holes a little amount of water comes out from the pitcher. Then envaporation takes place. The process needs latent heat. Then the water on the wall absorbs requirite latent heat the pitcher and water in it. As a result the pitcher and water in side it loses that heat and become cool.

Question 5.
Why cooling sensation is felt when ether or sprit is poured on hand?
Answer:
In fact, spirit or ether is a volatile compound (this type of substance evaporates very quickly). Latent heat is required for evaporation. The spirit or ether absorbs latent heat fron the surrounding also and from the hand. Therefore, the particular position of hand loses heat, that is why, when spirit or ether is poured on hand, cooling sensation is felt at that spot.

Question 6.
State the difference between evaporation and boiling.
Answer:

Evaporation	Boiling
1. Evaporation taks place at all temperatures.	1. Boiling takes place at the boiling point of the liquid.
2. Evaporation is a slow and slient process.	2. Boiling is a fast and violent process.
3. Evaporation takes place only at the surface of the liquid.	3. Boiling takes place over the entire mass of the liquid.
4. Evaporation causes cooling.	4. Boiling does not cause cooling.

Question 7.
Normal temperature of a body in clinical thermometer is 98.4°F, how much it will be in Celsius scale ?
Answer:
We know that

Question 8.
How much heat 50 gm of water at 25°C will take to reach boiling point ?
Answer:
Mass of water =50 gm
Intial temperature =25°C
Final temperature =100°C
Specific heat of water =1 Cal/g /°C
Heat gained = 50 × 1 × (100-25) Cal =3750 Cal.
∴ Required heat = 3750 Calorie.

WBBSE Class 7 Science Question Answer West Bengal Board

WBBSE Class 7 Science Book Solutions West Bengal Board in English Medium

• Chapter 1 Physical Environment
  • Chapter 1.1 Heat
  • Chapter 1.2 Light
  • Chapter 1.3 Magnet
  • Chapter 1.4 Electricity
  • Chapter 1.5 Use of Environment Friendly Energy
• Chapter 2 Time and Motion
• Chapter 3 Atom, Molecule and Chemical Reaction
• Chapter 4 Role of Substances in Environment
• Chapter 5 Human Food
• Chapter 6 Morphological Diversity and Functions of Living Components of Environment
• Chapter 7 Crisis of Environment, Plants and Conservation
• Chapter 8 Environment and Public Health

WBBSE Class 7 Science Book Solutions West Bengal Board in Hindi Medium

• Chapter 1 भौतिक पर्यावरण
  • Chapter 1.1 ताप
  • Chapter 1.2 प्रकाश
  • Chapter 1.3 चुम्बक
  • Chapter 1.4 विद्युत
  • Chapter 1.5 पर्यावरण के भिन्न ऊर्जा का उपयोग
• Chapter 2 समय और गति
• Chapter 3 परमाणु, अणु एवं रासायनिक प्रतिक्रिया
• Chapter 4 पर्यावरण निर्माण में पदार्थों की भूमिका
• Chapter 5 मनुष्य का खाद्य
• Chapter 6 पर्यावरण के सजीव उपादान के निर्माण संबंधी विशेषताएँ एवं कार्य प्रक्रिया
• Chapter 7 पर्यावरण संकट, उद्भिज एवं पर्यावरण संरक्षण
• Chapter 8 पर्यावरण एवं जन स्वास्थ्य

WBBSE Class 7 Solutions

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 7 History Book Solutions Chapter 6 Towns, Traders and Trade offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 7 History Chapter 6 Question Answer – Towns, Traders and Trade

1. Find the odd one out :

a) Shajahananad, Tughlaqabad, Qila Rai Pithora, Daulatabad.
Answer: Qila Rai Pithora

b) Tanka, Mohar, cotton, silver.
Answer: Cotton.

c) Indigo, Peeper, Banjara, Multani
Answer: Banjara.

d) Karavanian, Kasba, Banjara, Multani. is
Answer: Kasba

e) Pandua, Burhampur, Chittagong, Gaur. is
Answer: Burhampur.

2. Match the column A with B

A	B
Siri Danes Saraf Hauz Chirag-I Delhi	Inhabitants of Denmark Sheikh Nasiruddin Alauddin Khalji Exchange of coins Preservation of water.

Answer:

A	B
Siri Danes Saraf Hauz Chirag-I-Delhi	Alauddin Khalji Inhabitants of Denmark Exchange of coins Preservation of water. Sheikh Nasiruddin

3. Answer in brief : ( 30 to 35 words) :

a) How would cities develop in the medieval India?
Answer:
There were a number of cities in India during the age of the Sultanate as well as the Mughals. They were often centres for business and finance. Cities were also established for political and administrative reasons. Cities around temples and mosques was important religious cities. Most of the cities had flourished during the 13th to 19th century AD.

b) Why did old Delhi of the Sultanate gradually decline?
Answer:
The city of old Delhi changed to a great extent in the second half of the 14 century. The city was not built in the stony regions of Araballi but the city Ferozabad was buit around Feroz Shah Kotla. This city was along the banks of the Yamuna River. Thus water supply enabled easy transportation of goods. The old city of the Sultanate was gradually reduced to ruins.

c) Describe the kuthis of the European Companies.
Answer:
The European merchants used to make houses according to the requirments in the Kothis. The Kothis were fortified with arms and ammunitions. They had their residences as well as godowns there. It was in this way the Gujrat, North and South coromondal became the main centres of the Europeans.

d) How did the Mughal rulers encoruage trade?
Answer:
The Mughal rulers encouraged the merchants in trade. They announced tax relief on goods, gave Permision for establishement of Kothis. Many of the Mughal aristocrats were engaged in trade themselves. The emperor, members of the nobility and the aristrocrats were engaged in trade themselves.

They used to employ craftsmen in their ‘Karkhans’ or factories to make luxury items for themselves. But trade was not the intention in such cases. Thus when Europe moved forward through trade, agriculture was the base for Indian economy.

5. Answer the following questions in 100 to 120 words :

a) Why did Delhi develop into an important city in the 13th century?
Answer:
The development and flourishment that took place in Delhi during the middle ages can be divided into two stages. One was in the 10th to 14th century and the other in the 17th century. Delhi during Qutubuddin Aibak’s time centred around the city Quila Rai-Pithore. This was the first Delhi of the Sultanate or Qutab Delhi.

Later during the rule of Giyasuddin Balaban a township named Ghiaspur was established beside the River Yamaun. Balban’s grandson Kaikobad built the Quilaghari Place near the Yamuna river. Jalaluddin Khalji’s Shaher-1-Nau or New city was centered around this palace. People belonging to the class of Amirs and Sardars settled in the place with them came Singers and musicians.

A strong fort city was built in Siri with the view to protect the citizens during the reign of Sultan Allauddin Khalji. Sultan Giyasuddin Tughlaq wanted a place to reside with his followers. So he established Tughlaqabad a bit away from this Purana shahar.

This was never the capital or the centre for business. In his time an attempt was made to build a wall around Qutab Delhi, Siri and his very own ‘Jahanpanah’ in order to form a greater city. This work however could not be completed. Despite all this the Delhi of times of the Sultanate never lost his importance.

b) Describe the urban life of Shahjahanabad.
Answer:
The Population of Shahjahanabad was of a cosmopolitan nature. People belonging to various classes resided in different types of houses. The nobility and high officials lived in beautiful houses with gardens, the rich merchants lived in houses decorated with terracotta tiles and stones, the ordinary Shopkeepers would live above or behind their shops.

The huge sprawling houses were known as ‘havelis’. The ordinary houses were known as ‘makam’ or ‘Kothi’. Very small rooms were known as ‘Kothri’. There were also bunglows. Many thatched huts built around big houses. These served as quarters for ordinary soldiers, servents, skilled laboures and the like.

Sometimes, the huts caught fire, as a result of which the people and the cattle boat their lives. But there was no such differences in the settlements. High officials like Amirs and the Poor craftmen would live in the same ‘mohalla’ side by side. There were two highways in Shahjahanabad. The high ways were known as ‘bazar’ because they lived up with shops.

c) Why did trade flourish during the Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:
Business had spread during the time of the Sultanate. There were several reasons for this. In the 13th -14th century the Sultans built some new cities and townships. Sometimes the houses in the old cities were rebuilt. The writings of that time give descriptions of how the cities were formed. The nobility, aristocrats, soliders and common people started living in these cities.

Thus the cites soon became over populated. A lot of raw materials and labourers were needed to build the palaces, mosques, markets, pubs, bath, water supply system etc. These labourers belonged to different caste and creed. Some were Indian, some came from other countries, Many labourers were Prisoners of wars and slaves.

The import-export business had developed with a view supplying the people with their daily needs and raw building materials. The Sultans maintained a large army. In Sultan Alauddin Khalji’s time tax was imposed on the farmers to acquire money to maintain the army. The famers were compelled to sell their crop to the merchants. The luxury items used by the nobility Provided scope for business.

d) What was the nature of inland trade in medieval India?
Answer:
There were two kinds of business in the country.
i) Business between the villages and the cities and towns.
ii) Business between two cities. The goods that would be sent from the villages to the highly populated cities would generally be less priced and would come in large numbers. Crops, Edible oil, Ghee, Salt would come in large quantities to be sold in the cities.

From one city to another would come luxury items created for the rich and the aristocrats. The craftsmen belonged to different communities. Good wine, fine muslin cloth would be imported from various places.

Cotton and silk from Bangladesh, Coromondal and Gujrat were much in demand. It was the first time in this age that the spinning wheel was used to make cloth. Other handicrafts such as that of leather, wood, metal, carpets were used as commodities and were also traded during this time. It was in this age that paper was first made in India. It so happened that the sweet sellers started selling sweets in paper packets.

The system of communication improved a lot during this time. Inns were built at the roadside: where travellers and merchants could keep their luggage and take rest. Tax collection and business: became easier due to the introduction of Tanka (Silver coins) and jital (Gold coins.)

e) What idea do you gain about the foreign trade from the import-export chart given?
Answer :
There were many foreign traders from different countries came to India for trading purpose.Firstly, India imported from the East and South East Asia Spices, Tin, copper. India imported silver and gold from Europe.

On the other hand European countries imported Silver from America. India supplied cotton textile and opium to East and South East Asia. Europe imported black Peeper, Indigo, Saltpetre, cotton Textile, silk and silk Fabric from India. This is the trading picture of the middle age.

Class 7 History Chapter 6 Question Answer West Bengal Board – Towns, Traders and Trade

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
Quila Rai Pathora was established by …………….
i) Alauddin Khalji
ii) Froz Shah Tughlaq
iii) Prithviraj
iv) Humayun
Answer:
iii) Prithviraj

Question 2.
Jahanpanah was established by …………….
i) Muhammad bin Tughlaq
ii) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
iii) Feroj Shah Tyghlaq
iv) Aluddin Khalji
Answer:
ii) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq

Question 3.
The term Kotla means …………….
i) market
ii) city
iii) hospital
iv) fort
Answer:
iv) fort

Question 4.
The main problem of Delhi was …………….
i) scarcity of water
ii) scarcity of space
iii) skilled labourers
iv) craftsmen
Answer:
i) scarcity of water

Question 5.
Hauz-i Shamsi was constructed by …………….
i) Giyasuddin Balban
ii) Alauddin khalji
iii) Illtutmish
iv) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Answer:
iii) Illtutmish

Question 6.
In the 350 years of Sutanaterule, the rulers had transferred their administrative centre ……………..
i) ten times
ii) eleven times
iii) seven times
iv) eight times
Answer:
ii) eleven times

Question 7.
The fort of Attock was in …………….
i) Rajputna
ii) Deccan
iii) Delhi
iv) north-west
Answer:
iv) north-west

Question 8.
Shahjahanabad was built in the year …………….
i) 1648
ii) 1639
iii) 1635
iv) 1645
Answer:
ii) 1639

Question 9.
In Shahjahanabad beautiful and huge mansions were known as …………….
i) haveli
ii) makan
iii) kothi
iv) kothri
Answer:
i) haveli

Question 10.
In Sultanate era sweetmeat sellers of Delhi were selling sweets wrapped in ……………..
i) leaf
ii) jute bag
iii) paper
iv) cloth
Answer:
iii) paper

Question 11.
A kind of paper known as Hundi was introduced by the …………….
i) Saraf
ii) dalal
iii) merchants
iv) traders
Answer:
i) Saraf

Question 12.
Indian spices specially peeper, were much in demand in …………….
i) Africa
ii) America
iii) Europe
iv) Asia
Answer:
iii) Europe

Question 13.
The English merchants first established trade centres in …………….
i) Bengal
ii) Surat
iii) Goa
iv) Masulipattam
Answer:
iv) Masulipattam

Question 14.
Thomas Roe established trade Kothis in …………….
i) Patna
ii) Agra
iii) Burhanpur
iv) all are correct
Answer:
iv) all are correct

Question 15.
European ships were larger and more suited to naval warfare than …………….
i) Africa
ii) India
iii) America
iv) mansadar
Answer:
ii) India

Fill in the blanks : ( 1 mark for each question)

1. The word nagar originated from …………….
Answer:
Sanskrit

2. Fatehpur Sikhri was built by Mughal emperor …………….
Answer:
Akbar

3. During the time of Qutbuddin Aibak, Delhi grew around …………….
Answer:
Quila Rai Pithora

4. The Mongals had destroyed the city of Bagdad, which was a big center of the civilization.
Answer:
Muslim

5. An important source of water in Delhi was the hauz or is …………….
Answer:
talao

6. From Agra served as the capital of the Mughal empire.
Answer:
1596

7. During the reign of Alauddin Khilji revenue was collected in cash from the …………….
Answer:
peasantry

8. Delhi Sultans introduced two types of coins, Tanka and …………….
Answer:
Jital

9. …………….. acted as a link between the buyers and sellers.
Answer:
Dalals

10. A kind of paper known as Hundi was introduced by the is …………….
Answer:
Saraf

11. Cities like Varanasi, Rajmahal, Hooghly, Dhaka were all connected by …………….
Answer:
waterways

12. The European merchants were not interested in trading only, they also wanted control over the …………….
Answer:
sea routes

13. The Dutch settled in Surat in the west and in the Deccan.
Answer:
Masulipattam

14. The European merchants worked in India with the help of …………….
Answer:
middlemen

15. Gujarat, North and South Coromondel became the main trading centers for the …………….
Answer:
Europeans

State whether True or False: (1 mark for each question)

1. Communication system improved significantly in sultanate era.
Answer:
true

2. Business spread during the time of Delhi Sultanate.
Answer:
true

3. At Shahjahanabad had four main highways.
Answer:
false

4. In 1505 during the time of Sikandar Lodi the city of Agra started to ruin.
Answer:
false

5. All the dynasties of the Sultanate made Delhi the centre of their authority.
Answer:
true

6. Later Hauz-i Alai came to be known as Hauz-i Khas.
Answer:
true

7. The main problem of Delhi was scarcity of labour.
Answer:
false

8. The Subarbs were not enclosed by walls like the main cities.
Answer:
true

9. Siri was established by Muhammad bin Tughiaq.
Answer:
false

10. In the medieval age the growth and development of Delhi had two phases.
Answer:
true

11. The word Magar originated from Sanskrit.
Answer:
false

12. Shahjahanabad was established in 1540.
Answer:
false

13. During the reign of Alauddin Khilji a strong fort was built at Siri.
Answer:
true

14. An important source of water in Delhi was the Hauz or talao.
Answer:
true

15. From 1596 Agra served as the capital of the Mughal empire.
Answer:
true

Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) Jahan Ara Begam was	i) two main highways
b) Beautiful and huge mansions were	ii) for the travellers
c) Sliahjahanabad had	iii) Emperor Jahangir
d) Roadside inns were built	iv) Duke of Albuquerque came to India
e) Saraf couls assess	v) wanted control over the sea routes
1) After Vasco da Gama	vi) by Feroz Shah Tughiaq
g) European merchants	vii) Saha Jahan’s daughter
h) Thomas Roe came to the court of	viii) known as Haveli
i) Firojabad was established	ix) the purity of metals

Answer:
a) Jahan Ara Begam was Saha Jahan’s daughter.
b) Beautiful and huge mansions were known as Haveli.
c) Shahjahanabad had two main highways.
d) Roadside inns were built for the travellers.
e) Saraf could assess the purity of metals.
f) After Vasco da Gama Duke of Albuquerque came to India.
g) European merchants wanted control over the sea routes.
h) Thomas Roe came to the court of Emperor Jahangir.
i) Firojabad was established by Feroz Shah Tughlaq.

Answer in brief (within 30 – 50 words) : (Full mark-3)

Question 1.
Name some towns developed between the 13th and 18th century.
Answer:
Delhi had become important in Indian politics and economy since early times. Apart from Delhi there were other important cities also. Pandua, Gauda, Nabadwip and Chittagong in bengal, Lahore in Punjab, Agra in north India, Fatehpur Sikri built by Nughal emperor Akbar, Burhanpur, Golconda and Bijapur in the Deccan and Ahmedabad, Surat etc.

Question 2.
Why was Delhi attractive to the rulers and merchants.
Answer:
Delhi is geographically located at the confluence of the Aravalli range and riverine plains of the Yamuna. It was convenient to build well protected forts here because of the slope of the land and the availability of building material from the Aravallis. Again the river Yamuna was the main waterway and the natural frontier to the east. Hence from time immemorial rulers and merchants were attracted to this region.

Question 3.
What is Kutub Delhi?
Answer:
The Sultanate was established Muhammed Ghori, the Sommander-in-Chief of Qutbuddin Aibak. During the time of Qutbuddin Aibak, Delhi grew around Quila Rai Pithora, the town of the Rajput rulers. This was the first Delhi or Qutb Delhi during the time of the Sultanate.

Question 4.
Following the description of Isami, write about the process of building the city of Delhi.
Answer:
Isami was a historian. According to his description, as the insects gather around the flame of a lamp, so too the aristocrats, artists and artisans practising different arts, physicians, jewel traders, sages and saints from Arabia, China, Central Asia and Byzantine began to settle in the city of Iltutmish.

Question 5.
Who destroyed the city of Baghdad and was its result?
Answer:
The Mongals destroyed the city of Bagdad. It was a big centre of Muslim civilisation. This helped Delhi to develop. It became the seat of the Sufi saints and was popularly referred to as Hazarat-i delhi. The famous Sufi Saint Nizamuddin Aulia lived here during this time.

Question 4.
What was the incident that made Ghiyasuddin popular?
Answer:
Sultan Ghiyasuddin, when leaving for Bengal to fight a war, ordered that Nizamuddin should leave the city before he returned. Nizamuddin’s disciples was worried about his security. Then he simply told them, “Delhi is still far away.” Ghyasuddin was killed during his return in an accident. This incident made Nizamuddin popular among the people.

Question 7.
Mention the cosmopolitan character of Delhi.
Answer:
Delhi was not dominated by any caste or religion. Generally skilled labourers or craftsmen belonging to the same profession lived in a particular area. The cities however were not very well planned. There was not enough scope for the people to settle according to their caste or creed.

Question 8.
What was the main problem of Delhi?
Answer:
The main problem of Delhi was scarcity of water. It was not possible to provide adequate water for the entire population. The Sultan dug a few ‘hauz’ or tanks but this did not solve the problem. Therefore the city started moving towards the Yamuna. The water problem became acute when the river started changing its course frequently.

Question 9.
What was the sources of water in Delhi?
Answer:
An important source of water in Delhi was the hauz or talao. Digging of water bodies and their renovation was a symbol of good administration. Sultan Iltutmish is credited with building the hauz-i shamsi or hauz-i sultani. Alauddin Khalji had constructed an even bigger four-cornered reservoir. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq built another reservoir in the newly constructed Tughlaqabad.

Question 10.
Write about the importance of Delhi.
Answer:
The importance of Delhi never waned even though it came under the rule of various dynasties. The capital was changed several times during the mughal rule. This was not the case during the Sultanate. All the dynasties of the Sutanate made Delhi the center of their authoriry.

Question 11.
What is the story behind Chandni Chawk?
Answer:
There was a big bazar from Lal Qila to Jahanara Begum Chowk. Shah Jahan’s daughter, Jahan Ara Begam, built a garden to the north of this market and a bath to the sonth. It is said the Chawk would glitter on moonlight night nights and so it was named Chandni Chowk. Yet others claim that the glitter of coins of gold and silver in the chowk caused it to be named so.

Question 12.
Who were engaged in business?
Answer:
The Carvanians and Banjaras would bring food grains. Shahs or Multani merchants adept in long distance trade. They were also money lenders. Multani traders were mainly Hindu, although there were some Muslims as well. Other than these merchants there were several small traders. Some Sufi saints too were engaged in business.

Question 13.
What was Hundi?
Answer:
A kind of paper known as Hundi was introduced by the saraf. It came to be used in the times of Turks. The merchants could buy a hundi from a saraf and take it to different places and exchange it for money. This enabled merchants to carry money from one place to another.

Question 14.
Write about the sea trade in the medieval period.
Answer:
In the mediaval period many merchants from different countries joined the sea trade. Gujarati, Tamil, Telegu, Oriya and Bengali, Malabarase merchants had earned a name for themselves in the trading world. These merchants were from Hindu, Muslim and Jain communities. They traded with the Arab, Persian and South East Asian merchants. Some of the big Indian merchants had their own ships. The rest used to send goods on the ships of others.

Question 15.
When was the East India Company established?
Answer:
In A.D. 1600 The English East India Company was established in London. In 1602 Dutch East India Company was established in Amsterdam. In 1664 the French East India Company was established in Paris.

Question 16.
Give a short description of activities of English merchants.
Answer:
The English merchants first established trade centres in Muculipattam and then in Surat. Thomas Roe, the emmissary of King James I of England, came to the court of Emperor Jahingir. He established trase kothis in Agra, Patna and Burhanpur. Emperor Shah Jahan forced the Portugueseto leave Hooghly for engaging in slave trade. There after the Dutch, English, and French traded freely in India.

Answer in detail (within 100 – 120 words) : (Full mark-5)

Question 1.
Mention the cosmopolitan character of Shahjahanabad.
Answer:
Shahjahanabad had a cosmopolitan population. People of various classes lived in different types of houses. The princes and the Amirs lived in beautiful mansions. The rich merchants lived in brick and stone houses decorated with tiles. Common traders lived above their shops or behind them. The most beautiful and huge mansons were known as Haveli.

Houses inferior to the havelis were called makan and kothi. Apart from these there were bungalows. Many thatched huts existed beside the big houses. In these huts the ordingary soldiers, servants, artisans usually lived. High officials and poor artisans lived side by side.

Question 2.
Write a short note on treders and trading from 13th to 18th century.
Answer:
In India several merchant guilds traded in various parts of the country. In those days there were neither air routes nor rail routes. Road ways and waterways were the only means of communication. many of these routes were inaaccessible. Danger loomed at every step of the journey.

Yet the traders moved from one part of the country to another carrying their commodities for trading on animal backsor on sailing boats or ships. Not only the Indian trader but foreign merchants also came to do business. Many markets, mandis, hamlets, small and big towns grew up on the banks of rivers and sea-coast beacause of trade and commerce.

Question 3.
What were the causes for spreading business during the time of Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:
Business spread during the time of the Delli Sultanate. There were several reasons for this. In the 13th-14th century the Sultans of Delhi founded some new towns and rebuilt houses in the old cities. The Sultans and their nobilitiy, soldiers and the common people started to live in these cities. So the cities became populous.

A lot of raw material and labour was required to construct palaces, mosques, markets, pubs, baths etc. The labourers belonged to different caste and creed. Some were Indians and others came from abroad. Many labourers were enslaved prisoners of war. Import and export developed in course of supplying the people with daily necessities and building materials.

Question 4.
Write about the influx of foreign traders to India.
Answer:
The Portuguese were the pioneers who showed interest in coming to Indiaby sea. Their main interest was to capture the spice trade in India and South East Asia. Indian spices, specially pepper, were much in demand in Europe. The Portuguese wanted to make a good profit by buying the spices from Indian markets and sell them in Europe.

With this objective Vasco da Gama, the emissary of the king of Portugal, came to India. He reached calicut in Malabar in the south, in 1498. After Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese naval commander,Duke of Albuquerque, came to India. He wanted to end Arab domination in the arabian sea trade. The Portuguese secured influence over Goa.

The European merchants were not interested in trading alone. they also wanted control over the sea routes. Their ships were advanced and carried weapons. They became powerful in the Arabian Sea and indian Ocean.

Additional Questions and answers

Question 1.
Write the name of the capital of Chola dynasty.
Answer:
Thenjavur was the capital of Chia dynasty.

Question 2.
What is the name of the river that flowed near Thanjavur?
Answer:
Kaveri river flowed near Thanjavur.

Question 3.
Who built Rajarajeshvara temple?
Answer:
King Rajaraja Chola built Rajarajeshvara temple.

Question 4.
What were the market activities in towns?
Answer:
The towns were bustling with markets selling food grains, spices, cloth, jewllery etc.

Question 5.
How did water get supplied in towns?
Answer:
From wells and tanks water was supplied in towns.

Question 6.
What is meant by ‘pattern of urbanization’?
Answer:
Pattern of urbanization means the process by which cities are developed.

Question 7.
What was the capital of Chauhan reign?
Answer:
Ajmer was the capital of Chauhan reign.

Question 8.
Name the places which were famous for producing cloth.
Answer:
Thanjavur and Uraiyur were famous for producing cloth.

Question 9.
Which kind of cotton was used by the king?
Answer:
Fine cotton was used by the kings.

Question 10.
What did Gujarati traders use to sell?
Answer:
Gujarati traders sold textiles and spices.

Question 11.
Which spices were grown in the tropical climates?
Answer:
Pipper, cinamon, nutmeg, ginger etc. grown in tropical climate.

Question 12.
Who was Khwaja Muinuddin Chisti?
Answer:
Khwaja Muinuddin Chisti was a famous Sufi Saint.

Question 13.
Why were craftsman of Bidar so famous?
Answer:
The craftsmen of Bidar were famous for their inlay work in copper and silver.

Question 14.
When did Hampi fall into ruin?
Answer:
In 1565 the defeat of Vijayanagara by Deccan sultan is the cause of ruin of Hampi.

Question 15.
Which city was called the gate to Mecca?
Answer:
Surat was called gateway to Mecca.

Question 16.
Who had banking houses at Surat?
Answer:
The Kathiward sets ha huge banking houses at Surat.

Question 17.
When did Surat begin to decline?
Answer:
Towards the end of the 17th century Surat began to decline.

Multiple Choice Questions and Answers

Question 1.
An important trade center of western India was ………………..
i) Madurai
ii) Hampi
iii) Masulipattam
iv) Surat
Answer:
iv) Surat

Question 2.
Musalipattanam was famous for ……………….
i) temples
ii) horse trade
iii) trading port
iv) crafts production
Answer:
trading port

Question 3.
Hampi was the capital of which empire ……………….
i) Vijayanagara
ii) Mewar
iii) Mughal
iv) none of these
Answer:
Vijayanagara

Question 4.
Which of the following was not traders ……………….
i) Gujrat Baniyans
ii) The Mandari oswal
iii) Nenadesi
iv) The Banjaras
Answer: Nenadesi

Question 5.
A pilgrim centre was ……………….
i) Surat
ii) Puskar
iii) Bombay
iv) Bijapur
Answer:
ii) Puskar

Question 6.
Which of the following was an example of temple town ……………
i) Berar
ii) Ajmer
iii) Golconda
iv) Tanjavur
Answer:
iv) Tanjavur

Question 7.
The people from distant place visited Surat because it was ……………
i) a beautiful place
ii) the gateway of west Asia
iii) famous town
iv) pilgrim centre
Answer:
ii) the gateway of west Asia

Question 8.
The Rajrajeshvara temple is situated in ……………
i) Thanjavur
ii) Bijapur
iii) Ajmer
iv) Vijayanagara
Answer:
i) Thanjavur

Question 9.
What type of towns existed in medieval period …………..
i) administrative
ii) port
iii) temple
iv) all of these
Answer:
iv) all of these

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 7 History Book Solutions Chapter 7 Lifestyle and Culture: Sultanate & Mughal Era offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 7 History Chapter 7 Question Answer – Lifestyle and Culture: Sultanate & Mughal Era

1. Fill in the blanks.

a. In the Sultanate and Mughal Period the houses houses of the common people were made of ______ (tiles and bricks/ cement and sand/ marble).
Answer:
tiles and brick

b. The couplets of Kabir are known as ______ (bhajan/katha katha/doha)
Answer:
doha

c. The sufis considered their Gurus as ______ (pir/muri/Be-shara)
Answer:
Pir.

d. ______ (kolkata/ Nabadwip/Murshidabad) was known as the main centre of the Chitanya movement.
Answer:
Nabadwip.

e. ______ (Nanak/Kabir/ Meera Bai) was the devotee of Lord krishna or Giridhari.
Answer:
Meera Bai.

f. The main feature of Din-i-ilahi was that the relation between the Mughal Emperor and the nobility was of ______.
Answer:
teacher-disciple.

g. The craftsmanship of setting gems on marble with intricate design is called ______(Chahar bag/ Pietra dura/ Terracota)
Answer:
Petra dura.

h. ______(Hanja Nama/ Tuti Nama/ Raja Nama) is the name of the Persian translation of Mahabharata.
Answer:
Rajam Nama.

i. (Daswant/ Mir Sayyid Ali/ Abdus Samad) ______ was known as ‘Sheerin Columa.’
Answer:
Abdus Samad.

j. Jaunpuri Raga was created by ______ (Baiju Baora/ Hussain Shah Sarki/ Ibrahim Shah Sarki).
Answer:
Hussain Shah Sarki,

k. The author of the ‘Sri Krishna Vijay Kavya is ______ (Kashiram Das/ Krittibas Ojha/ Maladhar Basu)
Answer:
Maladhar Basu.

l. ‘Persioan wheel’ was used for _____ (water lifting / ot bombard with a canon/ Gardening).
Answer:
Water lifting.

2. What are the matching explanation of the Statements given below:

a. Statement: The industries were established along the river basin.
Explanation 1 : No tax wes imposed for industries established beside rivers.
Explanation 2 : In the past all people lived beside rivers.
Explanation 3 : It was easier to import raw materials and export of produced materials.
Answer:
ExP-3 : It was easier to import raw materials and export of produced materials.

b. Statement : Chaitanya adopted Bengali as the means of spreading Bhakti.
Explanation 1: He only knew Bengali.
Explanation 2: In those days the language of the common people of Bengal was Bengali.
Exmplantion 3 : All books on Bhakti were written in Bengali.
Answer:
Exp-2 : In those days the language of the common people of Bengal was Bengali.

c. Statement: Chisti Sufis did not join in politics.
Explanation-1: They belived worshiping God was not possible involvement in politics.
Explanation-2: They did not understand politics
Explanation-3: They were humannists.
Answer:
Exp-3: They were humanists.

d. Statement : Akbar introduced Din-i-ilahi.
Explanation-1: He was a follower of Buddhism.
Explanation-2 : He wanted to build a group of followers.
Explanation-3: He gave up warfare.
Answer:
Exp-2: He wanted to build a group of followers.

e. Statement: The Mughal emperors were interested in building forts.
Explanation-1: Building cost of forts was less.
Explanation- 2 : Building forts was easier than palaces.
Explanation-3 : Building forts would make the empire secure.
Answer:
Exp-2 : Building forts was easier than palaces.

f. Statement: During the reign of Jahangir European painting influenced Mughal Painting.
Explanation-1 : In that period European paintings started arriving at the Mughal Court.
Explanation-2 : In that period the Mughal Painters were European.
Explanation-3 : In that period Indian artists had learnt Painting from Europe.
Answer:
Exp-1 : In that period European paintings started arriving at the Mughal Court.

g. Statement : In the medieval age Radha and Krishna were at the centre of Manipuri dance. .
Explanation-1 : The god and goddess of Indian dance were Krishna and Radha.
Explanation-2 : Vaishnava cult spread to Manipur in that period.
Explanation 3 : Chaitanya belonged to Manipur.
Answer:
Exp-2: Vaishnava cult spread to Manipur in that period.

h. Statement : In ancient india People used to write on Palm leaves.
Explanation-1 : In that Period Use of paper was not known.
Explanation-2: in that period cost of paper was high.
Explanation-3 : In that Period Indians had not invented ink to be used on paper.
Answer:
Exp-1: In that Period Use of paper was not known.

3. Answer the following questions in brief (in 30-50 words)

Question a.
Which fruits, vegetables and crops were produced in large scale in the sultanate and the Mughal Period?
Answer:
Mango, grapes, dates, rose-apple, banana, jackfruit, coconut etc. were the furits.
The main vegetables were-Brinjal, differen types of bitter-gourd. radish, potato, chilies, ginger etc.
The main crinere-wheat, rice, Barley, different types of Pulses etc.

Question b.
Who wer Bhakti Saints of Medieval India?
Answer:
Namdev, Janaesvar, Tukaram, Ramananda, Kabir, Nanak, Chitanyadev, Meera Bai, etc. were the famous Bhakti Saints of Medieval India.

Question c.
What is Silsila? What do you know about the life style of the Chisti Sufis?
Answer:
Silsila means order or group. There were two types of silsila or group in the sufismChistis and Suhrawardis. The life style of the Chisti Sufis were simple. They did not judge the people in the yardsticks of religion, wealh and Power. Chisti Sufis remained aloof from politics and the royal courts. They believed that any kind of involvement in state affairs, worship of god becomes impossible.

Question d.
How was the oath taking ceremony of Din-i-ilahi?
Answer:
Those who accepted Din-i-ilahi, took oath in this ceremony to sacrifice (Kurban) their life(Jaan), Property (Meal), religion (Din) and dignity (Namus). They had to bow feet at Badshah, as the disciples (murids) bowed to their sufi gurus (Peer). After the completion of this ceremony. Badshah presented them new turban, a medal of Sun and a Photo of Badshah to attach to the front of the turban.

Question e.
What are the special architectural characteristics of the Alai Dar waza?
Answer:
Alai Darwaza was built in the reign of Sultan Alauddin Khalji. It is an extra ordinary example of Indo-Islamic architectural art. This ‘Darwaza’ was built of red sandstone, supposing that this ‘Darwaza’ was a reflection of Alauddin’s power as Sultan. Not the message of Allah but the praises of Sultan were engraved on this Darwaza. It was an exception in this period. This was also in the Qutb complex. It became an example of the sultanate architecture.

Question f.
What is ment by ‘calligraphy’ and ‘Minitaure’?
Answer:
Art of handwriting was practiced in the Sultanate and Mughal period. In English it is called calligraphy. Then there was no printing press. Hand written books were the samples of art.
Each and every page of Tutinama, Razamnama (Persion translation at Mahabharata) etc. was decorated with fine handwriting and pictures. These pictures of small shape and size are called ‘miniature.’

Question g.
What is ‘Shivayana’? What aspect of the life style of Bengal Pesants is learnt from it?
Answer:
Literature centring with Lord shiva was written in Sultanate and Mughal period. Such writing are called ‘Shivayana’. Sivayana Poems were composed on the legends of Shiva and the household tales of Shiva and Durga. Poor Shiva-Durga were reflected in these writings. Here Shiva tries to earn by cultivation. In these writings poor peasant familes, was supposed to have been converted into Shiva and Durga family.

Question h.
Where was paper invented? Write what you know about the use of paper in medieval India.
Answer:
Paper was invented in China in the the first century AD. In thenth century Mongols of central Asia brought the paper making technology from China. Whin a short time use of paper spread in India. As a result reading and writing became easier. In the fourteenth century, it was said that paper became as cheap in India that sweet-meat seller used it as packet. It is also to be noted that at first European missionaries founded printing press in India. It took some more time to use this technology on commercial basis.

4. Answer in details : (in 100 to 120 words)

Question a.
Write about the lifestyle of the Common people in medieval India.
Answer:
Most of the people lived in the villages. The main function of agriculture was to meet the local demands. The basis of the society was a joint family. The position of women in the society and family was lower than the male mamber of the same. But men and women of a poor family worked jointly in their household work, as well as in their firms. Very basic elements were required for settlements of poor people. A well, ditch or a pond were sufficient enough for the villagers to make a habitation of their own. Trunks of trees, bunches of straw were their only nccessities to make a hut. There they found their space some how. After the payment of taxes and other government duties some share of crops was in hand of the peasants.

This was the only resource of their daily wages. The peasant families tailed day and night for some particular reasons. Very little is known about the daily life of the peasants. Festivals on some occasions were a bit exception in their monotonous life. Wrestling was a popular game at that time. Archery, javelin throwing and swimming were also popular. Rulers of Delhi and the regional states were changed in different times. But the life of the common people in sultanate and the Mughal period remained unchanged. Hard labour and Poverty these were the only thing in the life of Poor peasants artisans and labours in that period of India.

Question b.
Hoe were the people of different relegions united by Kabir’s Bhakti ideology?
Answer:
Kabir one of the Popular Bhakti Saints at 14th-15th century AD. was brought up in a Muslim Jola (weaver) family in Benaras. Some think that Kabir was one of the disciples of Ramananda. Along with monotheism of Islam, Vaisnaba, Natha-yogi and Tantrik beliefs were converged in the religions thought of Kabir. To him, all the religions were the same. All the gods were the same. In the opinion of Kabir, Rama, Hari, Gobind, Allah, Sain, Sahib were the different names of the same god. His philosophy helped very much to sattle the disunity and contradiction among the Hindus and muslims in the then society. Kabir believed that man would get his god in his mind through devotion. For this, there is no need to go to temple or Mosque. So, to him, idol worshipping, bathing in the Ganges or to observe Namaz are of no value. In the social life of that Period Kabir’s thought was most important. He was the person the show manship of religious rituals.

Question c.
Analyse the effect of the Vaishnava movement in Bengal.
Answer:
In the 16th century AD, Propagation and diffusion of the Bhakti movement in Bengal became Powerful by the efforts or Sri Chitanya and his companions. In Bengal, particulary in Rada Bengal, vaishnava religion was prevalent previously. Sri Chitanya combined that vaishavite tradition with the sprit of Bhakti Geet. As a protest against the discrimination of caste and creed and class, the vaishnava Bhakti spread like a movement. Nabadwip was the main centre of this religious movement. At that time, Non-Brahmins formed the majority of the population of the city.

The condition was the same in the villages. Long before the birth of Chaitanaya, administrative changes took place in Bengal as a result of Turkish invasion. In Hussain Shai rule the influence of the Brahmanas declined and that of the Kayasthas increased. Besides, there was also torture of rulers and officials. Common Poor People could not find any relief from this torture in traditional Islam giving up Hinduism. Besides, different types of religion and belief were Prevalent in the society.

There was also some attraction to Tantric practices. worship of their folk deities, such as Manasa, Chandi and Dharma, was in practice. But, it was not so easy to propagate Bhaktism in that atmosphere of Nabadwip. Brahmana Bhattacharays were dead against the vaishnavas. They looked down upon Bhaktism and Vaisnavism. Sri Chitanya and his followers emphasized on only one social Principle. This principle is known as Bhakti. Bhakti is spontaneous, it needs no prepatation. Sri Chitanya emphasized upon plain living and simple behaviour. There was no room for pomps, Vaishnava Bhakti became Popular for the liberal outlook of Chaitanya.

Question d.
Write a short note on Akbar’s Din-i-ilahi.
Answer:
In 1570 AD Akbar gradually stopped to affer ‘Namaz’ and other Islamic rituals publicly. Insted of it he began to observe some rituals as he liked. Once he discussed with Ulema on Islam in Fatehpur Sikri. Afterwards he called gurus of other religions and used to discuss with them on several topics on religion. At last on the basis at above discussons, he introduced a new ideology called Din-i-ilahi.

Once it was thought that Din-i-ilahi was a new religion introduced by Akbar. But he never gave up Islam. He choose the most reasonable opinion among the different interpretations at Islam. On the basis of disussion with gurus of different religons he choose some characteristics. He introduced it among his coutries. But now theory is changed. It is thought that, Din-i-ilahi was in fact a propagated ideal among some of his most loyal nobles. Akbar himself selected them. They took oath of loyalty to Badshah through some rituals. This is Din-i-ilahi. Thus Akhar organised a group of loyal followers around him. Each of them had his own religion. Din-i-ilahi was not a seperate religion.

Question e.
Discuss gardening and fort building during the reign of Mughal emperors.
Answer:
In the seventeenth century, art of garden making spread extensively in the hands of the Mughals. Grafting of plants was in use from the ancient period, it developed during this period. Some European technology came through Portuguese in this field. As a result, quality of fruits developed to some extent.

Spread of Mughal arhitecture started from Akbar’s reign. Akbar expanded the Mughal rule and the construction work side-by-side. Akbar was interested in building fort cities and palaces. For this the empire became protected, architecture also developed with it. Agra fort is its example. Forts of Ajmer, Lahore, Kashmir, Allahabad etc. were also built in Akbar’s reign. Akbar built Buland Darwaza to comemorate his viectory over Gujrat.

Question f.
What were the main features of different architectural phases in Medieval Bengal.
Answer:
Musilm rule spread in Bengal in the thirteenth century. The main thechniqe of building the original structure was according to Islamic style. Again in the sphere of artwork use of raw materials at folk styles of Bengal are seen. Use of bricks in building construction is a characteristic of the architectural style at Bengal.

Houses and most of the temples were built in sloped style. Reason behind this was there would be no water logging during excessive rain. This very style was cailed ‘bangla’. It is an example of naming a sytle after its location. The main structure of many temples were built in this style. When such two similar structures stood side-by-side, it was called ‘jod-Bangla’. Style of chal or chala (sloped roof) based temple building is also seen in Bengal. The temples were called Ek-Chala (one slope). Do chala (two slops) or sometime At-chala (eight slopes) just after the numbers of ‘chalas’ or slopes used. Sometimes arches and domes were also built on such roof according to Islamic style. Temples with more than one pinnacles on rectangular platform were built in that period. Thse were called ‘Ratna’. Temples with five pinnacles were called ‘Pancharatna.’ Terracotta (use of burnt bricks) work was done on the walls of most at the temples. In 1442-1539 AD the Indo-Islamic architecural art flourished in Bengal.

Question g.
What was the role of the Mughal emperors in the development of Mughal painting?
Answer:
Painting of portraits started in Akbar’s time. During Jahangir’s reign Portrait painting flourished. From that time European painting style influnceed Mughal Painting. Impact of realism and naturalism became Prominent. Nature, plants and animals came to the surface as object of painting. In Jahangir’s time the artists began to put their own signatures on the paintings. Form this it could be known what picutre is whose. Many of the noble bodies were enthusiastic about painting. Ladies of andar mahal were rarely painted by outsider articles. Mughal ladies like Nadira Banu, Sahifa Banu used to draw picture.

Sahajahan was also enthusiastic in Painting. Use of perspective (understanding of distance) was started in this period. Ornamentation of ‘Padshahanama’ is a famous work of this time. As art pieces, these paintings have become the materials of contemporary history. After shahjahan no development of painting is seen. During Aurangzeb’s time, works of court articles were hampered.

Question h.
Discuss how did the use and popularity of Persian language increase in medieval India.
Answer:
Persian language and literature gained huge popularity in medieval India. In India persian literature started with the Sultanate rule.

Persian was perhaps introduced in India with the advent of Turks in the tenth century AD. Persian was in use as offical language in central Asia and Iran. Long before it, Persian was also used there in literature. From this it would not be wrong to conclude that Turks knew Persiarr language. Perhaps, for this reason Turks gave importance to Persian in India.

Qutubuddin Aibak and Iltutmish were Patrons of Persion language and literature. The Khaljis, too, contributed much to the development of Persian language and literature. In this period Lahore came one of the main centres of Persian study. Persian was the most chosen language for history writing in this period, and Amir Khasru’s writing were most popular among Persian literatures and Philosophers.

Usefulness and Popularity of the Persian language in the Mughal Period : Emperor Babur was a scholar both in Turkish and Persian. During the reign of Akbar Persion language and literature started to develop gradually like Akbar emperor Jahangir was also alover of Persian language. But this tradition declined in Aurangzeb’s reign. It is belived that Aurangzeb was not kind enough towards the poets and litterateures coming from Persian. But he knew persian very well. Not only Muslims, the Hindus also used this language very well.

Question i.
What wr the changes took place in the military and agrisultural technology in the Sultanate and the Mughal age?
Answer:
Major changes took place in the filed of military technology. In the first half of the fourteenth century fire arms came to India through the hands of the Mughals. After sometime use of gun powder and morters were introduced in some regions in India. In the second half of the fifteenth century technology of guns reached India from China and Mameluk-ruled Egypt. In the earlier years of sixteenth century Portuguese spread their technology in South India.

During this time Mughals also started large scale use of guns and canons. Along with cavalry infantry and war elephants, canon-operators and gun-carrying soldiers began to take their place in the army of the kings and Badshahs. In the field at agriculture, there was the highest development in irrigation system. In South India vijaynagar rules and in North India Feroz Shah Tughlaq and in later period Mughal rulers developed irrigation system.

Class 7 History Chapter 7 Question Answer West Bengal Board – Lifestyle and Culture: Sultanate & Mughal Era

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
In Sultanate and Mughal period sraft centerswere seen only in
i) a area
ii) some areas
iii) all areas
iv) nowhere
Answer:
ii) some areas

Question 2.
In the Gangetic plains, among the crops high demand was-
i) coconut
ii) banana
iii) grapes
iv) mangoe
it Answer:
iv) mango

Question 3.
During the reign of Jahangir, a Dutch merchant wrote that the poor hardly knewthe taste of –
i) meat
ii) fish
iii) sugar
iv) ghee
Answer:
i) meat

Question 4.
A popular sport in Sultanate and Mughal periodwas-
i) football
ii) cricket
iii) wrestling
iv) juggling
Answer:
iii) wrestling

Question 5.
Gurur mamak was the-
i) last Guru
ii) second Guru
iii) third guru
iv) first Guru
Answer:
iv) first Guru

Question 6.
meera Bai was born in a Kshatriya family in –
i) Gujrat
ii) Rajasthan
iii) varanasi
iv) Punjab
Answer:
ii) Rajasthan

Question 7.
Kavir was brought up in a Muslim-
i) farmer
ii) cobbler
iii) weaver
iv) carpenter
Answer:
iii) weaver

Question 8.
The number of dohas inciuded in Guru grantha sahib-
i) more than five hundred
ii) less than five hundred
iii) six hundred
iv) four hundreci
Answer:
i) more than five hundred

Question 9.
By the people in those days Kabir was regarded as the emblem of
i) peace
ii) truth
iii) peace and equality
iv) equality
Answer:
iii) peace and equality

Question 10.
The Chisti Sufis never judged a person on the basis of-
i) religion
ii) wealth
iii) power
iv) religion, wealth, power
Answer:
iv) religion, wealth, power

Question 11.
The Bhakti saints and the Sufis influenced-
i) economy
ii) culture
iii) politics
iv) trade
Answer:
ii) culture

Question 12.
It was not easy to preach Bhakti in the social environment of –
i) Nabadwip
ii) Murshidabad
iii) Nadia
iv) Pandua
Answer:
i) Nabadwip

Question 13.
All the Mughal emperors were very appreciative of –
i) sports
ii) wrestling
iii) architecture
iv) gardening
Answer:
iii) architecture

Question 14.
The best example of Mughal architecture is the –
i) Agra fort
ii) Jama Masjid
iii) Red fprt
iv) Taj Mahal
Answer:
iv) Taj Mahal

Question 15.
The designing of the book Hamzanama started during the reign of –
i) Humayun
ii) Akbar
iii) Babar
iv) Jahanjir
Answer:
i) Humayun

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. Apart from architecture, Shah Jahan was also interested in ________.
Answer:
painting

2. Drawing an exact replica of an object is called a ________.
Answer:
Tasveer

3. Raja Man Singh Tomar of Gowalior was a great connoisseur of ________.
Answer:
music

4. Indian classical dance is basically of ________.
Answer:
six types

5. Firoj Shah Tughlaq built an observatory on a high minarate in is ________.
Answer:
Delhi

6. The t chnology of producing silk from silk worms came from ________.
Answer:
China

7. Persian wheel did not become popular among Indian peasants for its ________.
Answer:
high price

8. The whole life of Daswant was immersed in ________.
Answer:
art

9. During the time of Akbar instances can be found about the art of book ________.
Answer:
designing

10. Bara Sona Masjid built in 1526 is the biggest mosque in ________.
Answer:
Gauda

11. Sri Chaitanya organised two types of kirtan-nama kirtan and ________.
Answer:
nagar kirtan

12. Nabadwip was the center of _________ movement.
Answer:
Bhakti

13. Sufism originated in ________.
Answer:
central Asia

14. Religion was an integral part of life in medieval ________.
Answer:
India

15. After paying the revenue and vlearing other loans, the peasant still had ________ in hand.
Answer:
something

State whether True or False: (1 mark for each question)

1. In Sultanate and Mughal period majority of the people lived in village.
Answer:
true

2. In Sultanate and Mughal period sugar and perfume manufacturing was famous.
Answer:
true

3. The method of using tiles and bricks for making houses was unknown in Bengal and other areas.
Answer:
false

4. Then society was based on the single family basis.
Answer:
false

5. Wrestling was a popular sport in those days.
Answer:
true

6. very basic elements were required for settlement of poor people.
Answer:
true

7. Meera Bai was born in a Brahmin family.
H. Answer:
false

8. According to Kavir idol worship, bathing in the Ganges or offering namaz had no value.
मे Answer:
true

9. A Langar Khana was introduced by Kabir.
Answer:
false

10. Meera bai said that her Lord is none other than Giridhari Gopa!a.
Answer:
true

11. Under the Hussain Sahis the influence of the Brahmins increased.
Answer:
false

12. The Chisti Sufis used to stay connected with politics.
Answer:
false

13. One does not know whether Chaitanyaactually looked like the picture of today.
Answer:
true

14. Nagar Kirtan were sung in a ceremonial procession and covering the entire city.
Answer:
true

15. Thomas Roe was the first British ambassador to the mughal court.
Answer:
true

Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) All Mughal emperors	i) best example of Mughal architecture
b) The autobiography of Jahanjir	ii) in the 13th century
c) The Tajmahal is the	iii) took an interest in painting
d) In the forts and palaces of Bidar	iv) on Geddess Chandi
e) Muslim rule spread in bengal	v) Tuzuk-i Jahangir
f) Many Badsahi ladies	vi) is of six types
g) Indian classical dance	vii) were appreciative of architecture
h) Chandi Mangal was written	viii) the concept of Bhakti
i) Sri Chaitanya tried to spread	ix) Iranian style wall paintings can be seen

Answer:
a) All Mughal emperors were appreciative of architecture.
b) The autobiography of Jahanjir Tuzuk-i Jahangir.
c) The Tajmahal is the best example of Mughal architecture.
d) In the forts and palaces of Bidar Iranian style wall paintings can be seen.
e) Muslim rule spread in bengal in the 13 th century.
f) Many Badsahi ladies took an interest in painting.
g) Indian classical dance is of six types.
h) Chandi Mangal was written on Geddess Chandi.
i) Sri Chaitanya tried to spread the concept of Bhakti.

Answer in brief (within 30 – 50 words) : (Full mark-3)

Question 1.
How Sri Chaitanya protested against Hindu and Muslim rulers?
Answer:
Sri Chaitanya and his follower Nityananda opposed the oppression of the two influencial brothers in Nabadwip, Jagai and Madhai. he also protested against the orthodox Brahmins. In a debate he defeated the Kazi, who opposed Kirtan. In short Sri Chaitanya and his followers organised protests against the oppression of Hindu and Muslim.

Question 2.
What is the evidence of Arab style of architecture in India before Sultanate?
Answer:
There is svidence of Arab style of architecture in India much earlier than the 13th century. Ruins of mosques are found in Gujrat built before the Sultanate. These indicate that the Islamic school of architecturewas introduced in India prior to the Sultanate period. The main feature of this architecture were the arch and the dome.

Question 3.
In Akbar’s reign what was epitomized in Fatehpur Sikri?
Answer:
The main architectural monuments during Akbar’s reign were the palace, mosque, mahal, and durbar (royal court) at Fatehpur Sikri. ‘Fetch’ means victory. As a victorious emperor he did not demolish anything; instead the liberal and artistic minded Akbar built Fatehpur Sikri. Various kinds of architectural styles of India had merged at Fatehpur Sikri. Akbar wae the emperor of sntire India and not a particular community, religion or region.

Question 4.
What was ‘chala’ and ‘ratna’?
Answer:
The style of having thatched roof (chala) on temples were seen in Bengal. The temple was called Ek chala (single thatched roof), Do chala (double thatched), or At chala depending upon the number of chalas or slopes on the roof. Temples built on a rectangular base with more than one spire were found in Bengal. These spires were called ‘ratna’. A temple with one spire was ‘Ak ratna mandir’. If temples had five spires were called ‘Pancha ratna mandir’.

Question 5.
What were the characteristics of the paintings of Rajasthan and Pahari regions?
Answer:
Various styles of painting are seen in Rajasthan and hilly or Pahari regions. In these paintings there has been amalgamation of the Mughal style and the regional styles. These paintings have their own value with respect to the subject of the painting and the use of colours.

Question 6.
Write about the role of Mughal emperors in music.
Answer:
Akbar was the most famousconnoisseur of music among the Mughal emperors. Scholars as well as musicians ossupied his royal court.Abul Fazal mentioned thirty six singers in his account. tansen was the most famous among them. Music was also in practice duringthe reign of Shah Jahan. Aurangzeb was extremly enthusiastic in the first ten years of his reign. But later he stopped patronizing music officialy.

Question 7.
Write a short note on Manipuri dance.
Answer:
Manipuri dance is one type of the Indian classical dance. In the 18th century the Bhakti cult had an impact on manipuri culture. As a result, their traditional dance style mingled with the spirit of Bhakti. The tradition of Manipuri Raslila flourished under Maharaja Bhagyachandra of Manipur. He also designed kumil dress for the dance.

Question 8.
Write a short note on Amir Khasru.
Answer:
Amir Khasru was born in 1252 at Patiali in Uttar Pradesh. Amir Khasru was most popular among persian literateures and philosophers. Throughout his life he kept on experimenting with different genres of Parsian poetry. He was an inventor of a new style of Persian literature called Sabak-i Hind.

Question 9.
Write about the development of Persian language during the Mughal emperors.
Answer:
During the reign of Akbar, Persian language and literature started to develop. Among the historical writings in peasian Akbarnama and Ain-i Akbari of Abul Fazl were significant. Jahqangir was also a great lover of the Persian language. During his reign Talib Amuli was a famous poet in India. The tradition continued in the reign of Shah Jahan. The tradition of translating in Persian gradually declined in the reign of Aurangzeb.

Question 10.
What is Mangal Kavya?
Answer:
Worshipping deities like Chandi, Manasa, and Dharma was traditional. During the worship, glories of gods and goddesses were sung. These songs had underlying stories. Some works of literature were writtin on those stories, They were called Mangal Kavya. Mangal means benediction. The message of the poem was by worshipping the daity on whom the poetry was composed would ensure the well being of devotee.

Question 11.
Write about the role of Akbar in spreading science.
Answer:
The Mughal emperor Akbar was very keen to spread science. In his royal court importance was given to mathematics, astronomy and geography. Abul Fazel, the historian of Akbar’s court, had written that although Akbar was not educated yet he took keen interest in science and technology. In fact he even used to do some handwork.

Additional Questions and answers

Question 1.
What is miniature?
Answer:
Miniature is small sized paintings generally fone in water colour on cloth or paper.

Question 2.
What distinguishes Kangra paintings from other paintings?
Answer:
Soft colours including cool blue and green and lyrical treatment of thems distinguishes Kangra painting from other paintings.

Question 3.
Who were the Naths?
Answer:
The Naths were the ascetics who engaged in yogic practices.

Question 4.
Why were temples built in Bengal?
Answer:
Temples were built in bengal to increase in religious faith. Powerful people wanted to demonstrate their power. Support of brahmins to to get idols placed in temples from hut. New economic opportunities to people also helped in temple setting up.

Question 5.
Who was Anantavarman?
Answer:
Anantavarman was one of themost important rulers ofthe ganga dynasty in the 12th century.

Question 6.
Define the term Katak?
Answer:
The term kathak is derived from katha, a word used in Sanskrit and other languages for the story.

Question 7.
Where did Kathak developed?
Answer:
Kathak developed in the courts of Rajasthan and Lucknow.

Question 8.
Under whose patronage did katak grow into a major art form?
Answer:
Kathak grew into a major art form under the patronage of Wajid Ali Shah. He was the last Nawab of Awadh.

Question 9.
What are the chief food items of the bengalis?
Answer:
Rice and fish are chief food items of the bengalis.

Question 10.
Mention all the six dance forms thet are recognised as classical.
Answer:

1. Kathak
2. Bharatnatyam
3. kathakali
4. Odissi
5. Kuchipudi
6. Manipuri.

Question 11.
How did miniature painting develop under the Mughal patronage?
Answer:
The sarliest miniatures were on palm leaves or wood. The Mughal smperors especially Akbar, Jahangir and Shah jahan patronised highlt skilled painters. These painters illustrated manuscripts containing historical accounts and poetry. .

Question 12.
Who were the Pirs? What was their position in society?
Answer:
Pirs were spiritual leaders having spiritual powers. They also functioned as teachers and adjudicators. The cult of Pirs became very popular and their shrines can be found everywhere in Bengal.

Question 13.
Why was the second category of the early Bengali literature not written?
Answer:
The second category of the early Bengali literature was circulated orally. therefore it was not written down.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 7 History Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Mughal Empire.

WBBSE Class 7 History Chapter 5 Question Answer – The Mughal Empire

1. Fill in the blanks : (Full mark – 1)

a) At the battle of Gharghra Babur’s main opponent was ———–
(Rana Sangha / Ibrahim Lodi / Nusrat Khan).
Answer:
Rana Sangha.

b) The battle of Bilgram took place in ———– (1539 /1540 /1541)
Answer:
1540

c) During the reign of Jahangir the Sikh Guru ——–  (Jay Singh/ Arjun/ Himu) was executed.
Answer:
Arjun.

d) The Rajput leaders who did not join the Mughals was Rana ——– (Pratap Singh / Man Singh / Jaswant Singh).
Answer:
Pratap Singh.

e) The prime minister of Ahmadnagar was ——– (Todarmal /Malik Amber / Bairam Khan).
Answer:
Malik Ambar.

2. Match the statement with the following explanation. Which one do you think is correct :

a) Statement: Mughals were proud of their Timuride heritage.
Exp. 1: Timur established Mughal rule in India.
Exp. 2: Timur once attacked Northern India and occupied Delhi.
Exp. 3: Timur was a Safavid ruler.
Answer:
Timur established Mughal rule in India.

b) Statement: Once Humayun had to leave India.
Exp. 1: He was defeated by his brothers.
Exp. 2: He was defeated by Sher Khan.
Exp. 3: He was defeated by Rana Sangha.
Answer:
He was defeated by Sher Khan.

c) Statement: Mahesh Das came to be known as Birbal.
Exp. 1: He was very strong.
Exp. 2: He was very intelligent.
Exp. 3: He was valiant against the Mughals.
Answer:
He was very intelligent.

d) Statement: The maritime commerce of Bengal developed during the reign of Aurangzeb.
Exp. 1: He defeated the Portuguese Pirates.
Exp. 2: He defeated Shivaji.
Exp. 3: He exempted of Tax on Bengal trade.
Answer:
He defeated the Portuguese Pirates.

e) Statement: The system of assessing the land during the reign of Akbar was called ‘zabat’.
Exp. 1: ‘zabat’ means the fixation of the market price of the crops.
Exp. 2: ‘zabat’ means only the emperor can collect tax.
Exp. 3: ‘zabat’ means the calculation of land revenue.
Answer:
‘zabat’ means the calculation of land revenue.

3. Answer the following questions briefly (in 30 to 50 words) :

a. Why did the Mughal rulers call themselves Badshah?
Answer:
In the case of a sovereign ruler the Mughals used the title of Padshah or ‘Badshah’. The Sultans of Delhi used the title‘Sultan’, The Mughals used the title Sultan in the case of a Prince. For example, the other name of Jhangir was Salim. But when he became a prince he was called Sultan Salim. Using the title‘Badshah’the Mughals tried to make the people realise, their ruling power is not defendant on any others’ recommendation.

b. Why did Humayun lose to the Afghans?
Answer:
The Mughal rulers’ connection with the aristrocrats was one of the salient features of Mughal rule. But during the reign of Humayun (1530-40, 1555-56 AD), this connection became weak to some extent. While in distress, his brothers too did not come to help him.

Humayun did not accept the Timurid Policy of disbursing the areas among his heirs. Babur too left Humayun as his heir. The ruling power of the empire was kept in his won hand by Humayun. Rest of the regions were given to his brothers.

As they did not get the direct responsibility they did not feel any urge to protect the empire. So at last the Mughal troops, though united could not come out as the victor, and Humayun defeated by the Sher Khan, the Afghan leader twice. Slier Khan was the most important political enemy of Humayun.

c. Why did the conflict among the Mughal nobility increase?
Answer:
At the time of Jahangir, there was a dirty race started among the aristrocrats of the Mughal court. In the strifes of the Mughal court, Empress N urjahan, Prince Khurram (later Badshah Shahjahan), the member of Nurjahan’s family and others played an important role.

During the reign of Aurangzeb the conflict increased among the aristocrats regarding the grant of Mansabs. The link which connected the Mughals with the different groups of aristrocarts was disrupted in many cases. They tried to utilise the Mughal empire to protect their own interest.

d. What was Sul-i-kul?
Answer:
The administrative ideal of Akbar was a synthesis of the Timurid, Persian and the Indian monarchy. According to this ideal, Badshah will rule according to the desire of God and he will maintain a fatherly relation with his subjects. In short, he is not an warfare.

The royal power of the Badshah is entirely his own. He will not show any partiality to any person and political groups, in particular. Tolerance to all and peace for all is called, in short, Sul-hi-kul. On the basis of this ideal, Akbar introduced a newtheory entirely of his won. which is called Din-i-Ilahi.

e. Give an account of the ‘Suba’ administration of the Mughals.
Answer:
The reign of the first Mughal emperor Babur was almost spent with warfare. He could not devote his attention to the art of administration properly. In between the administrative organisation of the Afghan ruler, Sher-shah was very much planned, which was largely followed by Akbar in a later period.

Akbar divided his empire in several provinces which were called ‘Suba’. The ‘Subas’ were again subdivided into ‘Sarkars’ and the ‘Sarkars’ were divided into ’parganas’.

4. Answer the following questions in detail (in 100 to 120 words) :

a. Compare the first battle of Panipath, the battle of Khanua and the battle of Gharghara.
If the Mughals were not victorious in the first battle of Panipath who would h?ve ruled in Northern India?
Answer:
The first battle of Panipath took place between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi in 1526 A.D. The number of Babur’s soldier was lesser than that of the Lodis, but Babur was an efficient warrior. In the battle field, Ibrahim Lodi was killed and the Mughal rule was established in Delhi and Agra.

The battle of Khanua took place in 1527 AD between Babur and Rajputs, led by Rana of Mewar Sangram Singh (Rana Sanga). Before the war Babur made the Mughal warriors realise that this battle is a religions battle of the Mughals. In fact he tried to unite them all. But some of the Muslim rulers tried to drive out Babur from Northern India. So it was not a religious war infact. Babur won the battle.

Battle of Gharghara took place in 1529 AD between Babur and Afghans. Though Babur won the battle he could not establish permanent dominance over Bihar. If the Mughal could not won the battle of Panipath the Rajput would ascended the throne.

b. What was the philanthropic aspects of Sher-Shah’s administrative system?
Answer:
Sher Shah introduced some reforms in the administrative and revenue system.

i. Each cultivator received from the state a ‘Patta’. The name of the farmer, his right to the land, the amount of the revenue to remit, etc. were clearly specified in the Patta. In exchange the farmar had to sign a kabuliyat indicating his consent to pay the revenue dues to the state.

ii. To improve the communication system Sher Shah developed the roadways. He reconstructed the trunk road extending from Sonar Gaon to Peswar on the North-West frontier. It was called Sarak-I-Azam. Later this road came to be known as famous Grand-Trunk Road. Besides this he built a road extending from Agra to Jodhpur and Chitor. Another road was built connecting Lahor with Multan.

iii. For the convenience of the traders and travellers a number of ‘Sarais’ were along the roads.

iv. Sher Shah improved the Postal communication system by introducing news service on the horse back. To maintain his control over the army Sher Shah introduced the system of‘Dagh’ and ‘Huliya5.

c. What were the similarities and dissimilarities in the Rajput Policies of the Mughal rulers?
Answer:
It was well understood by the Mughal Badshah Humayun that to grab the Power of Hindustan, it is necessary to maintain a good relation with the Rajputs. Because the Rajputs were the only zamindars of a vast area of Northern India. Later Badshah Akbar borrowed this idea and incorporated the Rajputs in the Mughal ‘Mansabdari’ system with the help of war and peace.

Some of the Rajput daughters were wedded with the Mughal Princes. Akbar maintained the rights of his wives to perform their own religious rituals. The Hindus were exempted from paying Pilgrim tax and the Jiziya. He banned the system of conversion, in the case of prisoners of war.

Thus Akbar made the non-Muslim subjects of his empire happy. As a result of Akbar’s liberal attitude the valiant Rajputs joined havels with the Mughals, they performed with repute beyond the limits of the Mughal empire. In the 17th century AD Jahangir and Shah-Jahan followed the Rajput policy of Akbar.

During the reign of Aurangzeb the largest number of the Rajputs came under the Mansabdari system of the Mughals. But in the other hand, after about one hundred years of the withdrawal of Jiziya, Aurangzeb reimposed the same. So it is clear that the Rajput policy of the Mughals from Akbar to Aurangzeb was similar and dissimilar in parts.

d. What was the impact of the Deccan ulcer on the Mughal rule?
Answer:
During the rule of Aurangzeb, in the seventeenth century AD. the Marathas increased their power to a large extent. It was Aurangzeb’s conviction that if he can conquer the southern kingdom, a large amount of revenue could be collected from there. At the same time it would be easier for him to subdue the Marathas. During the reign of Akbar the Mughals occupied Bijapur and Golconda.

The extent of the Mughal empire was not so large as it was now. But the plan of the emperor did not come out successful. In stead, the Mughal had to fight a long bloody war incurring a huge loss of the royal exchequer. The wound of the Deccan war was not healed up any more. The Mughals had to accept the Maratha leader Shibaji an independent king. Aurangzeb had to fight this war for long 25 years and he had to breath his last in that very Deccan.

e. Was there any definite policy of succession among the Mughal emperors? How did the policy of succession influence their administration?
Answer:
Babur had dynastic and heredetary relations with the families of military aristocrats. The Mughal rulers’ connection with the aristrocrats was one of the salient features of Mughal rule. During the reign of Humayun this connection became weak to some extent, while in distress, his brothers too did not come to his help.

But Humayun did not accept the Timurid Policy of disbursing the areas among his heirs. Babur too left Humayun as his heir. The ruling power of the empire was kept in his own hand by Humayun. Rest of the regions were given to his brothers. As they did not get the direct responsibility they didn’t feel any urge to protect the empire. So at last the Mughal troops, though united could not come out as the victor.

Class 7 History Chapter 5 Question Answer West Bengal Board – The Mughal Empire

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
Timurlane invaded Northern India in ……………
i) 1395
ii) 1398
iii) 1390
iv) 1392
Answer:
ii) 1398

Question 2.
The Uzbeks were a Turkish speaking race of …………….
i) middle Asia
ii) western Asia
iii) central Asia
iv) southern Asia
Answer:
iii) central Asia

Question 3.
When Babur was in Kabul, he adopted the title …………….
i) Badshah
ii) Padshah
iii) Padishah
Answer:
i) Badshah

Question 4.
Sher Shah constructed Sarak-i-Azam …………….
i) from Lahore to Multan
ii) from Agra to Jodhpur
iii) from Jodhpur to Chitore
iv) from Sonargaon to Peshawar
Answer:
iv) from Sonargaon to Peshawar

Question 5.
To keep control over the army Sher shah continued …………….
i) Dag
ii) Hulia
iii) Dag and Hulia
iv) Patta
Answer:
iii) Dag and Hulia

Question 6.
In the battle of Haldighat Akbar defeated _________
i) Pratap Singh
ii) Uday Singh
iii) Man Singh
Answer:
i) Pratap Singh

Question 7.
During the reign of Akbar Birbal became _________
i) prime minister
ii) one of the gems of Navaratna
iii) all are false
iv) all are true
Answer:
iv) all are true

Question 8.
Abul Fazl was a famous historian during the time of _________
i) Babur
ii) Akbar
iii) Jahangir
iv) Shah Jahan
Answer:
ii) Akbar

Question 9.
Aurangzeb reimposed jizya in _________
i) 1689
ii) 1670
iii) 1679
iv) 1672
Answer:
iii) 1679

Question 10.
Akbar made the non-Muslim people
i) happy
ii) unhappy
iii) angry
Answer:
i) happy

Question 11.
In Khsandesh Asirgarh was an important—
i) market
ii) village
iii) military camp
iv) fort
Answer:
iv) fort

Question 12.
Aurangzeb thought that the conquest of Decan states would fetch more _________
i) slaves
ii) friends
iii) revenue
iv) wealth
Answer:
iii) revenue

Question 13.
In Deccan Aurangzeb fought for _________
i) twenty years
ii) twenty five years
iii) fifteen years
iv) thirty years
Answer:
ii) twenty five years

Question 14.
Akbar divided his provinces into _________
i) parganas
ii) sarkars
iii) Suba
iv) districts
Answer:
ii) sarkars

Question 15.
Zabat means _________
i) calculatin
ii) collection
iii) tax
iv) mansadar
Answer:
i) calculatin

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. Mughals regarded themself as ……………….
Answer:
Timuride

2. The Mughals used the term Padshah or Badshah for the ………………. ruler.
Answer:
sovereign

3. Pad means lord and shah means ruler or ……………….
Answer:
monarch

4. The Mughal empire in was not based on ………………. alone.
Answer:
warfare

5. Some Muslim rulers from northern India joined the ………………. to drive away Babur.
Answer:
Rajputs

6. Humayun broke the ………………. tradition of distributing the empire among the heirs.
Answer:
Timuride

7. Sher Shah developed the roadways to improve ……………….
Answer:
communication

8. When Akbar became the ruler he was barely ……………….
Answer:
thirteen

9. Birbal secured a in court of Akbar by his ……………….
Answer:
wit

10. Akbar recognised the right of his wives to perform their individual……………….
Answer:
rituals

11. During the reign of emperor Auranzeb, the largest number of Rajputs came within the Mughal: ………………. system.
Answer:
mansabdari

12. Marwar has come from the word ……………….
Answer:
maruwar

13. The Daccan states lost faith in the ……………….
Answer:
Mughals

14. Babur could hardly devote his time to ……………….
Answer:
governance

15. Akbar introduced the ……………….. system in 1580
Answer:
dahsala

If State whether True or False: (1 mark for each question)

1. During the reign of Jahangir, the Mughals established their control over Mewar.
Answer:
true

2. Aurangzeb defeated his other brothers and became the emperor.
Answer:
true

3. At the time of Akbar’s death a small part of India came under Mughal rule.
Answer:
false

4. Akbar established his reign by conquests alone.
Answer:
false

5. Pratap Singh refused to surrender to the Mughals.
Answer:
true

6. The fort of Chitor was very important to the Rajputs on security aspect.
Answer:
true

7. Birbal was endowed with the title ‘Samrat’.
Answer:
false

8. In 1556, with the help of Bairam Khan, Akbar defeated the Afgans.
Answer:
true

9. Sher Shah stopped the Dag and Hulia system.
Answer:
false

10. Humafun was the favourite son of Babur.
Answer:
true

11. Padshah is a Urdu word.
Answer:
false

12. The Mughals ruled India from the 16th ventury to the middle of 18th century.
Answer:
false

13. The first Mughal emperor in India was Zahiruddin Muhammad babur.
Answer:
true

14. The battle of Khanua was not a religious conflict.
Answer:
true

15. Babur was defeated by the Rajputs.
Answer:
true

Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) The other name of Sangram Singh is b) The Mughals used the term c) The Mughals were proud to be d) Humayun was e) Sher Shah developed f) Akbar defeated Rana Pratap Singh g) Birbal was very h) For liberal policy of Akbar the Rajputs i) Jahangir realised the importance of	i) the postal system ii) the son of Babur iii) Rana Sanga iv) in the battle of Haldighat v) padshah for the sovereign ruler vi)  joined hands with the Mughals vii) Maratha power viii) descendants of Timurlane ix) intelligent

Answer:
a) The other name of Sangram Singh is Rana Sanga.
b) The Mughals used the term padshah for the sovereign ruler.
c) The Mughals were proud to be descendants of Timurlane.
d) Humayun was the son of Babur.
e) Sher Shah developed the postal system.
f) Akbar defeated Rana Pratap Singh in the battle of Haldighat.
g) Birbal was very intelligent.
h) For liberal policy of Akbar the Rajputs joined hands with the Mughals.
i) Jahangir realised the importance of Maratha power.

Answer in brief (within 30 – 50 words) : (Full mark-3)

Question 1.
Why does the Mughals regarded themselves as Tinuride?
Answer:
The Mughals were the descendants of the Mongal chief Chenghis Khars on one side and the Turkish despot Timurlane on the other side. The Mughals were proud to be descendants of Timuride. They regarded themselves as Timuride.

Question 2.
Mention the areas where Timur established his empire.
Answer:
In the 14th century, taking the advantage of the fall of Mongal dynasty, Taimur conquered some regions of central Asia and established his empire. These regions belong to Khorasan, Iran, Iraq, and some areas in Turkey.

Question 3.
Who was Badshah or Padshah?
Answer:
The Mughals used the term Badshah for the sovereign ruler. This word means very powerful. By using the title Badshah the Mughals indicated that their reign did not depend on the recognition of any one of else. When Babul was in kabul, he adopted the title Padshah.

Question 4.
What was the strategy of Babur in the battle of Panipat and Khanua?
Answer:
Babur followed dual attack of the artillery on one hand and the swift moving mounted archers on the other hand. The cavalry attacked the enemy from the two sides and also from behind while the artillery shelled from the front. This dual aggression made the opponents perplexed.

Question 5.
Was the battle of Khanua a religious conflict ?
Answer:
Before the war Babur convinced the Mughal soldiers that it was a fight for their religion. They were crusaders or Ghazi. Babur tried to unite his soldiers. Some Muslim rulers from northern India joined the Rajputs to drive away Babur. So the battle was not a religious conflict.

Question 6.
Write about the political conflict between Mughal and Afgan.
Answer:
The two main opponents of Mughals, the Rajputs and the Afgans, had enimity among themselves. Of them the Afgans of Bihar led by Sher Khan was the most important political rival of Humayun. On two consecutive occasions Humayun had lost to Sher Khan. After losing the battle of Chausa and Bilgram Humayun had to flee from the country.

Question 7.
Mention the roads constructed by Sher Shah.
Answer:
Sher Shah constructed a road from Sonargaon in Bengal to Peshawar in the North West frontier. The road was called Sarak-i-Azam. This road was later known as Grand Trunk Road. Another road was constructed from Agra to Jodhpur and also to Chitor. Another road from Lahore to Multan was also constructed.

Question 8.
Who was Bairam Khan?
Answer:
When Akbar became the ruler he was thirteen. Bairam Khan was his guardian. He assisted Babur. With the help of Bairam khan Akbar defeated the Afgans in the second battle of Panipat.

Question 9.
Who was Rana Pratap Singh?
Answer:
Rana Pratap Singh was the son of Rana Uday Singh. Rana Pratap Singh refused to surrender to the Mughals. In 1576 Akbar defeated Rana Pratap Singh in the battle of Haldighat. Even after his defeat Rana Pratap Singh continued to oppose the Mughals.

Question 10.
Who was Birbal?
Answer:
Among the nine celebraties in the court of Akbar Birbal was one of them. His name was Mahesh Das. He was born in a Brahmin family of Madhya Pradesh. He secured a position in the court of Akbar by his wit. He was endowded with the title ‘Raja’. During the reign of Akbar he became Wazir-i Azam or the Prime Minister.

Question 11.
How did Akbar establish his reign?
Answer:
Akbar established his reign not by conquests only. He wanted to place the local rulers in important positions of his court. He did not want to present himself to the local people as a despotic invader. After conquering Northern India the Mughals moved over the Decan.

Question 12.
Who was Baro-Bhuyans?
Answer:
During the reign of Jahangir, the local Hindu Zamindars and the Afgans revolted against the Mughals time and again. The confederation of these rebels was called Baro- Bhuyans. Among them Pratapaditya, Chand Ray, Kedar Ray, Isha Khan etc. deserve nention. Jahangir tried to win over the landlords.

Question 13.
Mention the revolts against Shah Jahan?
Answer:
At the begining of Shah Jahan’s rule Khan Jahan revolted in the Decan. But he was defeated by the Mughals. Military expeditions were sent to. supress revolts in Bundelkhand and in Ahmednagar. During his time the Mughals lost control over Kandahar.

Question 14.
What was the problems during the reign of Aurangzeb?
Answer:
The conflict among the nobility over obtaining Mansabs. The Jat peasants in Mathura and the Satnami peasants in Haryana revolted against the Mughals. Regional powers like the Sikhs and the Marathas also opposed the Mughal rule. Conflict with the Rajputs and the continuous fights in the Deccan created more problems.

Question 15.
Which policy of Akbar was followed by Jahangir and Shah Jahan?
Answer:
During the reign of Jahangir, the Mughals established their control over Mewar. Amar Singh, the son of Rana Pratap Singh, was awarded a high Mansab. During the reign of Shah Jahan, the Rajput chieftains went to fight ever, in distant central Asia. They continued to be awarded high positions.

Question 16.
Mention the relation between Aurangzeb and Rajputs.
Answer:
During the reign of Aurangzeb the largest number of Rajputs came within the Mughal Mansabdari system. Raja Jaisingh, the king of Amber, was one of the most loyal nobels of Aurangzeb. Rana Jaswant Singh the Rathor chieftain of Mewar was an advisory of the Emperor. But latter he received handsome mansab from the emperor.

Answer in detail (within 100- 120 words) : (Full mark-5)

Question 1.
Write what you know about Mansabdari and Jagirdari.
Answer:
The Mansabdars were paid in two ways in cash or in assignments of revenue. The assignments of revenue is called Jagir. The person who held the Jagir was called Jagirdar. The system was called Jagirdari system. One part of the collected revenue was used by the Jagirdars for their livelihood and for maintaining their cavalry. Jagir did not mean land.

Jagirdars were assigned Jagirs to collect revenue from cultivated lands, port areas, markets etc. The Mansabdars were appointed by the Emperor himself. Their promotion also depended upon him. Jagirs were transferred from time to time. The Mansabdari and the Jagirdari system were not hereditary.

Question 2.
What is Sulh-i Kui and Din-i Ilahi ?
Answer:
The basic administrative policy of the Mughal empire was to include all different factions in order to make an Indian empire. It can be said that Akbar’s administrative policy was almost a synthesis of Timuride, Persian and Indian kingship.

According to this principle, the emperor would rule by devine right and would love his subjects as his children. In other words, his right to rule was not granted by any other ruler. The right to rule was his own. He would have no partiality for peace with all was known as Sulh-i kul. On the basis of this principle Akbar introduced a new personal way of thought called Din-i Ilahi.

Answer in brief (within 30 – 50 words) : (Full mark-3)

Question 1.
Why does the Mughals regarded themselves as Tinuride?
Answer:
The Mughals were the descendants of the Mongal chief Chenghis Khars on one side and the Turkish despot Timurlane on the other side. The Mughals were proud to be descendants of Timuride. They regarded themselves as Timuride.

Question 2.
Mention the areas where Timur established his empire.
Answer:
In the 14th century, taking the advantage of the fall of Mongal dynasty, Taimur conquered some regions of central Asia and established his empire. These regions belong to Khorasan, Iran, Iraq, and some areas in Turkey.

Question 3.
Who was Badshah or Padshah?
Answer:
The Mughals used the term Badshah for the sovereign ruler. This word means very powerful. By using the title Badshah the Mughals indicated that their reign did not depend on the recognition of anyone of else. When Babul was in kabul, he adopted the title Padshah.

Question 4.
What was the strategy of Babur in the battle of Panipat and Khanua?
Answer:
Babur followed dual attack of the artillery on one hand and the swift moving mounted archers on the other hand. The cavalry attacked the enemy from the two sides and also from behind while the artillery shelled from the front. This dual aggression made the opponents perplexed.

Question 5.
Was the battle of Khanua a religious conflict ?
Answer:
Before the war Babur convinced the Mughal soldiers that it was a fight for their religion. They were crusaders or Ghazi. Babur tried to unite his soldiers. Some Muslim rulers from northern India joined the Rajputs to drive away Babur. So the battle was not a religious conflict.

Question 6.
Write about the political conflict between Mughal and Afgan.
Answer:
The two main opponents of Mughals, the Rajputs and the Afgans, had enimity among themselves. Of them the Afgans of Bihar led by Sher Khan was the most important political rival of Humayun. On two consecutive occasions Humayun had lost to Sher Khan. After losing the battle of Chausa and Bilgram Humayun had to flee from the country.

Question 7.
Mention the roads constructed by Sher Shah.
Answer:
Sher Shah constructed a road from Sonargaon in Bengal to Peshawar in the North West frontier. The road was called Sarak-i-Azam. This road was later known as Grand Trunk Road. Another road was constructed from Agra to Jodhpur and also to Chitor. Another road from Lahore to Multan was also constructed.

Question 8.
Who was Bairam Khan?
Answer:
When Akbar became the ruler he was thirteen. Bairam Khan was his guardian. He assisted Babur. With the help of Bairam khan Akbar defeated the Afgans in the second battle of Panipat.

Additional Questions and answers

Question 1.
Who were the Mughals?
Answer:
Mughals were the descendants of two of great rulers. From their maternal side Genghis khan ruler was their ancestor. On the father’s side Timurlane, ruler of modern Turkey was their ancestor.

Question 2.
Why was it extremely to rule over the vast territories of Indian subcontinent?
Answer:
It extremely to rule over the vast territories of Indian subcontinent because of the diversity of people and culture in the middle ages.

Question 3.
Why were the Mughals proud of their Turide ancestory?
Answer:
The Mughals did not like to be known as Mughsls. Ghengis Khan’s memory was associated with massacre of people and invasional instinct. It was also linked with Uzbegs, their Mongal competitors.

Question 4.
Who founded the Mughal rule and how?
Answer:
Babur was the first Mughal emperor in India. At the age of 12 he was forced to leave his ancestral home Farghana due to Uzbeg’s attacks. In 1526 he defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the battle of Panipat and captured Delhi and agra. In 1527 he defeated Rana Sanga khanua. In 1628 he defeated Rajputs at Chanderi and strengthened his control over Delhi and Agra.

Question 5.
At which age did Akbar became emperor?
Answer:
At the age of 13 Akbar became emperor.

Question 6.
who were the mothers of Jahangir and Shah Jahan?
Answer:
Mother of Jahangir,was a Kachhwaha princes. She was a daughter of Rajput, ruler of Amber.
Mother of Shah Jahan was a Rahor princes, daughter of a Rajput, the ruler of Marwar.

Question 7.
How did the Mansabdars get their salaries?
Answer:
Most of the mansabdars did not actually reside in or administer their jagirs. They only rights to the revenue of their assignments which was collected for them by their servants. Mansabdars themselves served in somsother parts of the country.

Question 8.
Who were Zamindars? What were their duties?
Answer:
The mainsource of income of the Mughal emperors was tax on on the produce of the peasantry. In most olaces, peasants paid taxes through the rural elites. The rural slites were the headman or the local chieftan. The Mughals used the term ‘zamindar’ to describe all intermediaries, whether they were local hesdmen of villages or powerful chieftains

Question 9.
What wae the idea of Sulh-i-kul according to Jahangir?
Answer:
According to Jahangir Sulh-i-kul was a concept of divine compassion following principle of ‘Universal peace.’

Question 10.
Mention the year in which Mughal empire was established in India.
Answer:
In 1526 Mughal empire was established in India.

Question 11.
Who defeated Humayun at Chausa and Kanauj battle?
Answer:
Sherkhan defeated Humayun at Chausa and Kanauj battle.

Question 12.
Who was Akbar‘s father?
Answer:
Akbar’s father was Humayun.

Question 13.
When did Jahangir became emperor of Mughal?
Answer:
Jahangir became emperor of Mughal after death of his father Akbar in 1695.

Question 14.
What is recognized as a great success of Jahangir?
Answer:
The sisodiya ruler of Mewar, Amar Singh accepted Mughal service which was a great success of Jahangir.

Question 15.
Who was Dara Sukoh?
Answer:
Dara Sukoh was son of Shah Jahan.

Question 16.
Name the emperor who spent his last days in jail.
Answer:
Shah Jahan spent his last days in the jail.

Question 17.
Who killed his three brothers?
Answer:
Aurangzeb killed his three brothers.

Question 18.
Who was the first emperor of Mughal in India?
Answer:
Babur was the first Mughal emperor in India.

Question 19.
When was the first war of Panipat fought?
Answer:
In 1526

Question 20.
When Babur defeated Rana Sanga?
Answer:
In 1527 Babur defeated Rana Sanga, Rajput ruler and allies.

Question 21.
Write the names of all Mughal emperors.
Answer:
Babur, Humayun. Akbar, Jahangir, Shah jahan, Aurangzeb were the Mughal emperors.

Question 22.
What was the main source of income for the Mughals?
Answer:
The main source of income was tax on the produce of the peasantry.

Question 23.
Give the name of provinces where zabat was not possible to implement.
Answer:
Zabat was not possible to implement in Gujrat and Bengal.

Question 24.
Who was Diwan in Mughal administrative system?
Answer:
Financial officer of each province was called Diwan.

Question 25.
Who procided support to subadar?
Answer:
The subadar was supported by military paymacter (bakshi), the minister in charge of religious and charitable patronage (sadar), military commanders (faujdars), the town police commandar (kot.wai).

Question 26.
Write a short note on ‘sulh-i-kul’.
Answer:
Sulh-i-kul means universal peace. Akbar established sulh-i-kul. It did not allowed discrimination between people of different religions in his realm. It was focused on a system of ethics, honesty, justice, peace that was universally applicable.

Question 27.
Describe the steps taken by Todar Mai for lands and taxes.
Answer:
Todar Mai carried out a survey of crop yields, price and areas cultivated for a ten years period. On the basis of this data tax was fixed in each crop in cash. Each province was divided into revenue circles with its own schedule of revenue rates of individual crops. This revenue system was called ‘Zabat’.

Question 28.
Write a short note on ‘Akbar Naina’.
Answer:
Abui Fazl wrote a history of Akbars reign, titled ‘Akbar Nama’. The first volume dealt with Akbar’s ancestors. The second volume recorded the events of Akbar’s reign. The third volume deals with Akbar’s administration, household, army, revenue system and geography of his empire.

Question 29.
Describe the reign of Shah Jahan.
Answer:

• The Afgan noble Khan Jahan Lodi rebelled against Mughalas and was defeated.
• Campaigns were launched against Ahmadnagar; the Bundelas were defeated and Orcnha seized.
• The campaign to seize Balkh from the Uzbegs was unsuccessful. Qandahar was lost to the Safavids.
• In 1657-58 there was a conflict over succession amonst Shah Jahan’s sons.
• Aurangzeb was victorious and his three brothers were killed.
• Shah Jahan was imprisoned for the reel of his life in Agra.

Question 30.
How did the nobles of Akbar weaken the empire?
Answer:
Akbar’s nobles commanded large armies. They had access to large amount of revenue. Till they were loyal, the emperor functioned efficiently. At the snd of the 17th century many nobles had build independent networks of their own. Their loyalties to the emperor were weakened to their own self interest.

Question 31.
Who was benefited in Mansabdari system?
Answer:
The Mughal emperors and their mansabdars spent a great deal of income on salaries and goods. This expenditure benefited the artisans and peasants who supplied them with goods and produce. But the scale of revenue collection left very little for investment in the hands of the primary producers, peasants and artisans. They lived from hand to mouth. The wealthier peasantry and artiasanal groups, merchants and bankers profited in this type of economy.

Multiple Choice Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Genghis Khan was a ruler of thie tribe__________
i) Huns
ii) Turkish
iii) Mongols
iv) none of these
Answer:
Mongols

Question 2.
Which Mughal emperor was defeated by Sher Shah__________
i) Babur
ii) Akbar
iii) Jahangir
iv) Humayun
Answer:
iv) Humayun

Question 3.
Which is the ruling period of Jahangir__________
i) 1605-1627
ii) 1530-1556
iii) 1556-1605
iv)1526-1530
Answer:
1605-1627

Question 4.
Which Sikh Guru’s Martyrdom took place __________
i) Guru Tegh Bahadur Singh
ii) Guru Arjun Singh
iii) Guru Gobimd Singh
iv) Guru Nanak Singh
Answer:
Guru Arjun Singh

Question 5.
Rathor Rajput was related to __________
i) Mewar
ii) Marwar
iii) Ranthambor
iv) Amber
Answer:
ii) Marwar

Question 6.
The salary of the Mansabdars was called ____________
i) Jat
ii) Mansab
iii) Jagi
iv) Jabat
Answer:
iii) Jagi