Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 7 History Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Mughal Empire.
WBBSE Class 7 History Chapter 5 Question Answer – The Mughal Empire
1. Fill in the blanks : (Full mark – 1)
a) At the battle of Gharghra Babur’s main opponent was ———–
(Rana Sangha / Ibrahim Lodi / Nusrat Khan).
Answer:
Rana Sangha.
b) The battle of Bilgram took place in ———– (1539 /1540 /1541)
Answer:
1540
c) During the reign of Jahangir the Sikh Guru ——– (Jay Singh/ Arjun/ Himu) was executed.
Answer:
Arjun.
d) The Rajput leaders who did not join the Mughals was Rana ——– (Pratap Singh / Man Singh / Jaswant Singh).
Answer:
Pratap Singh.
e) The prime minister of Ahmadnagar was ——– (Todarmal /Malik Amber / Bairam Khan).
Answer:
Malik Ambar.
2. Match the statement with the following explanation. Which one do you think is correct :
a) Statement: Mughals were proud of their Timuride heritage.
Exp. 1: Timur established Mughal rule in India.
Exp. 2: Timur once attacked Northern India and occupied Delhi.
Exp. 3: Timur was a Safavid ruler.
Answer:
Timur established Mughal rule in India.
b) Statement: Once Humayun had to leave India.
Exp. 1: He was defeated by his brothers.
Exp. 2: He was defeated by Sher Khan.
Exp. 3: He was defeated by Rana Sangha.
Answer:
He was defeated by Sher Khan.
c) Statement: Mahesh Das came to be known as Birbal.
Exp. 1: He was very strong.
Exp. 2: He was very intelligent.
Exp. 3: He was valiant against the Mughals.
Answer:
He was very intelligent.
d) Statement: The maritime commerce of Bengal developed during the reign of Aurangzeb.
Exp. 1: He defeated the Portuguese Pirates.
Exp. 2: He defeated Shivaji.
Exp. 3: He exempted of Tax on Bengal trade.
Answer:
He defeated the Portuguese Pirates.
e) Statement: The system of assessing the land during the reign of Akbar was called ‘zabat’.
Exp. 1: ‘zabat’ means the fixation of the market price of the crops.
Exp. 2: ‘zabat’ means only the emperor can collect tax.
Exp. 3: ‘zabat’ means the calculation of land revenue.
Answer:
‘zabat’ means the calculation of land revenue.
3. Answer the following questions briefly (in 30 to 50 words) :
a. Why did the Mughal rulers call themselves Badshah?
Answer:
In the case of a sovereign ruler the Mughals used the title of Padshah or ‘Badshah’. The Sultans of Delhi used the title‘Sultan’, The Mughals used the title Sultan in the case of a Prince. For example, the other name of Jhangir was Salim. But when he became a prince he was called Sultan Salim. Using the title‘Badshah’the Mughals tried to make the people realise, their ruling power is not defendant on any others’ recommendation.
b. Why did Humayun lose to the Afghans?
Answer:
The Mughal rulers’ connection with the aristrocrats was one of the salient features of Mughal rule. But during the reign of Humayun (1530-40, 1555-56 AD), this connection became weak to some extent. While in distress, his brothers too did not come to help him.
Humayun did not accept the Timurid Policy of disbursing the areas among his heirs. Babur too left Humayun as his heir. The ruling power of the empire was kept in his won hand by Humayun. Rest of the regions were given to his brothers.
As they did not get the direct responsibility they did not feel any urge to protect the empire. So at last the Mughal troops, though united could not come out as the victor, and Humayun defeated by the Sher Khan, the Afghan leader twice. Slier Khan was the most important political enemy of Humayun.
c. Why did the conflict among the Mughal nobility increase?
Answer:
At the time of Jahangir, there was a dirty race started among the aristrocrats of the Mughal court. In the strifes of the Mughal court, Empress N urjahan, Prince Khurram (later Badshah Shahjahan), the member of Nurjahan’s family and others played an important role.
During the reign of Aurangzeb the conflict increased among the aristocrats regarding the grant of Mansabs. The link which connected the Mughals with the different groups of aristrocarts was disrupted in many cases. They tried to utilise the Mughal empire to protect their own interest.
d. What was Sul-i-kul?
Answer:
The administrative ideal of Akbar was a synthesis of the Timurid, Persian and the Indian monarchy. According to this ideal, Badshah will rule according to the desire of God and he will maintain a fatherly relation with his subjects. In short, he is not an warfare.
The royal power of the Badshah is entirely his own. He will not show any partiality to any person and political groups, in particular. Tolerance to all and peace for all is called, in short, Sul-hi-kul. On the basis of this ideal, Akbar introduced a newtheory entirely of his won. which is called Din-i-Ilahi.
e. Give an account of the ‘Suba’ administration of the Mughals.
Answer:
The reign of the first Mughal emperor Babur was almost spent with warfare. He could not devote his attention to the art of administration properly. In between the administrative organisation of the Afghan ruler, Sher-shah was very much planned, which was largely followed by Akbar in a later period.
Akbar divided his empire in several provinces which were called ‘Suba’. The ‘Subas’ were again subdivided into ‘Sarkars’ and the ‘Sarkars’ were divided into ’parganas’.
4. Answer the following questions in detail (in 100 to 120 words) :
a. Compare the first battle of Panipath, the battle of Khanua and the battle of Gharghara.
If the Mughals were not victorious in the first battle of Panipath who would h?ve ruled in Northern India?
Answer:
The first battle of Panipath took place between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi in 1526 A.D. The number of Babur’s soldier was lesser than that of the Lodis, but Babur was an efficient warrior. In the battle field, Ibrahim Lodi was killed and the Mughal rule was established in Delhi and Agra.
The battle of Khanua took place in 1527 AD between Babur and Rajputs, led by Rana of Mewar Sangram Singh (Rana Sanga). Before the war Babur made the Mughal warriors realise that this battle is a religions battle of the Mughals. In fact he tried to unite them all. But some of the Muslim rulers tried to drive out Babur from Northern India. So it was not a religious war infact. Babur won the battle.
Battle of Gharghara took place in 1529 AD between Babur and Afghans. Though Babur won the battle he could not establish permanent dominance over Bihar. If the Mughal could not won the battle of Panipath the Rajput would ascended the throne.
b. What was the philanthropic aspects of Sher-Shah’s administrative system?
Answer:
Sher Shah introduced some reforms in the administrative and revenue system.
i. Each cultivator received from the state a ‘Patta’. The name of the farmer, his right to the land, the amount of the revenue to remit, etc. were clearly specified in the Patta. In exchange the farmar had to sign a kabuliyat indicating his consent to pay the revenue dues to the state.
ii. To improve the communication system Sher Shah developed the roadways. He reconstructed the trunk road extending from Sonar Gaon to Peswar on the North-West frontier. It was called Sarak-I-Azam. Later this road came to be known as famous Grand-Trunk Road. Besides this he built a road extending from Agra to Jodhpur and Chitor. Another road was built connecting Lahor with Multan.
iii. For the convenience of the traders and travellers a number of ‘Sarais’ were along the roads.
iv. Sher Shah improved the Postal communication system by introducing news service on the horse back. To maintain his control over the army Sher Shah introduced the system of‘Dagh’ and ‘Huliya5.
c. What were the similarities and dissimilarities in the Rajput Policies of the Mughal rulers?
Answer:
It was well understood by the Mughal Badshah Humayun that to grab the Power of Hindustan, it is necessary to maintain a good relation with the Rajputs. Because the Rajputs were the only zamindars of a vast area of Northern India. Later Badshah Akbar borrowed this idea and incorporated the Rajputs in the Mughal ‘Mansabdari’ system with the help of war and peace.
Some of the Rajput daughters were wedded with the Mughal Princes. Akbar maintained the rights of his wives to perform their own religious rituals. The Hindus were exempted from paying Pilgrim tax and the Jiziya. He banned the system of conversion, in the case of prisoners of war.
Thus Akbar made the non-Muslim subjects of his empire happy. As a result of Akbar’s liberal attitude the valiant Rajputs joined havels with the Mughals, they performed with repute beyond the limits of the Mughal empire. In the 17th century AD Jahangir and Shah-Jahan followed the Rajput policy of Akbar.
During the reign of Aurangzeb the largest number of the Rajputs came under the Mansabdari system of the Mughals. But in the other hand, after about one hundred years of the withdrawal of Jiziya, Aurangzeb reimposed the same. So it is clear that the Rajput policy of the Mughals from Akbar to Aurangzeb was similar and dissimilar in parts.
d. What was the impact of the Deccan ulcer on the Mughal rule?
Answer:
During the rule of Aurangzeb, in the seventeenth century AD. the Marathas increased their power to a large extent. It was Aurangzeb’s conviction that if he can conquer the southern kingdom, a large amount of revenue could be collected from there. At the same time it would be easier for him to subdue the Marathas. During the reign of Akbar the Mughals occupied Bijapur and Golconda.
The extent of the Mughal empire was not so large as it was now. But the plan of the emperor did not come out successful. In stead, the Mughal had to fight a long bloody war incurring a huge loss of the royal exchequer. The wound of the Deccan war was not healed up any more. The Mughals had to accept the Maratha leader Shibaji an independent king. Aurangzeb had to fight this war for long 25 years and he had to breath his last in that very Deccan.
e. Was there any definite policy of succession among the Mughal emperors? How did the policy of succession influence their administration?
Answer:
Babur had dynastic and heredetary relations with the families of military aristocrats. The Mughal rulers’ connection with the aristrocrats was one of the salient features of Mughal rule. During the reign of Humayun this connection became weak to some extent, while in distress, his brothers too did not come to his help.
But Humayun did not accept the Timurid Policy of disbursing the areas among his heirs. Babur too left Humayun as his heir. The ruling power of the empire was kept in his own hand by Humayun. Rest of the regions were given to his brothers. As they did not get the direct responsibility they didn’t feel any urge to protect the empire. So at last the Mughal troops, though united could not come out as the victor.
Class 7 History Chapter 5 Question Answer West Bengal Board – The Mughal Empire
Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)
Question 1.
Timurlane invaded Northern India in ……………
i) 1395
ii) 1398
iii) 1390
iv) 1392
Answer:
ii) 1398
Question 2.
The Uzbeks were a Turkish speaking race of …………….
i) middle Asia
ii) western Asia
iii) central Asia
iv) southern Asia
Answer:
iii) central Asia
Question 3.
When Babur was in Kabul, he adopted the title …………….
i) Badshah
ii) Padshah
iii) Padishah
Answer:
i) Badshah
Question 4.
Sher Shah constructed Sarak-i-Azam …………….
i) from Lahore to Multan
ii) from Agra to Jodhpur
iii) from Jodhpur to Chitore
iv) from Sonargaon to Peshawar
Answer:
iv) from Sonargaon to Peshawar
Question 5.
To keep control over the army Sher shah continued …………….
i) Dag
ii) Hulia
iii) Dag and Hulia
iv) Patta
Answer:
iii) Dag and Hulia
Question 6.
In the battle of Haldighat Akbar defeated _________
i) Pratap Singh
ii) Uday Singh
iii) Man Singh
Answer:
i) Pratap Singh
Question 7.
During the reign of Akbar Birbal became _________
i) prime minister
ii) one of the gems of Navaratna
iii) all are false
iv) all are true
Answer:
iv) all are true
Question 8.
Abul Fazl was a famous historian during the time of _________
i) Babur
ii) Akbar
iii) Jahangir
iv) Shah Jahan
Answer:
ii) Akbar
Question 9.
Aurangzeb reimposed jizya in _________
i) 1689
ii) 1670
iii) 1679
iv) 1672
Answer:
iii) 1679
Question 10.
Akbar made the non-Muslim people
i) happy
ii) unhappy
iii) angry
Answer:
i) happy
Question 11.
In Khsandesh Asirgarh was an important—
i) market
ii) village
iii) military camp
iv) fort
Answer:
iv) fort
Question 12.
Aurangzeb thought that the conquest of Decan states would fetch more _________
i) slaves
ii) friends
iii) revenue
iv) wealth
Answer:
iii) revenue
Question 13.
In Deccan Aurangzeb fought for _________
i) twenty years
ii) twenty five years
iii) fifteen years
iv) thirty years
Answer:
ii) twenty five years
Question 14.
Akbar divided his provinces into _________
i) parganas
ii) sarkars
iii) Suba
iv) districts
Answer:
ii) sarkars
Question 15.
Zabat means _________
i) calculatin
ii) collection
iii) tax
iv) mansadar
Answer:
i) calculatin
Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)
1. Mughals regarded themself as ……………….
Answer:
Timuride
2. The Mughals used the term Padshah or Badshah for the ………………. ruler.
Answer:
sovereign
3. Pad means lord and shah means ruler or ……………….
Answer:
monarch
4. The Mughal empire in was not based on ………………. alone.
Answer:
warfare
5. Some Muslim rulers from northern India joined the ………………. to drive away Babur.
Answer:
Rajputs
6. Humayun broke the ………………. tradition of distributing the empire among the heirs.
Answer:
Timuride
7. Sher Shah developed the roadways to improve ……………….
Answer:
communication
8. When Akbar became the ruler he was barely ……………….
Answer:
thirteen
9. Birbal secured a in court of Akbar by his ……………….
Answer:
wit
10. Akbar recognised the right of his wives to perform their individual……………….
Answer:
rituals
11. During the reign of emperor Auranzeb, the largest number of Rajputs came within the Mughal: ………………. system.
Answer:
mansabdari
12. Marwar has come from the word ……………….
Answer:
maruwar
13. The Daccan states lost faith in the ……………….
Answer:
Mughals
14. Babur could hardly devote his time to ……………….
Answer:
governance
15. Akbar introduced the ……………….. system in 1580
Answer:
dahsala
If State whether True or False: (1 mark for each question)
1. During the reign of Jahangir, the Mughals established their control over Mewar.
Answer:
true
2. Aurangzeb defeated his other brothers and became the emperor.
Answer:
true
3. At the time of Akbar’s death a small part of India came under Mughal rule.
Answer:
false
4. Akbar established his reign by conquests alone.
Answer:
false
5. Pratap Singh refused to surrender to the Mughals.
Answer:
true
6. The fort of Chitor was very important to the Rajputs on security aspect.
Answer:
true
7. Birbal was endowed with the title ‘Samrat’.
Answer:
false
8. In 1556, with the help of Bairam Khan, Akbar defeated the Afgans.
Answer:
true
9. Sher Shah stopped the Dag and Hulia system.
Answer:
false
10. Humafun was the favourite son of Babur.
Answer:
true
11. Padshah is a Urdu word.
Answer:
false
12. The Mughals ruled India from the 16th ventury to the middle of 18th century.
Answer:
false
13. The first Mughal emperor in India was Zahiruddin Muhammad babur.
Answer:
true
14. The battle of Khanua was not a religious conflict.
Answer:
true
15. Babur was defeated by the Rajputs.
Answer:
true
Match the column A with column B.
| Column A | Column B |
| a) The other name of Sangram Singh is b) The Mughals used the term c) The Mughals were proud to be d) Humayun was e) Sher Shah developed f) Akbar defeated Rana Pratap Singh g) Birbal was very h) For liberal policy of Akbar the Rajputs i) Jahangir realised the importance of |
i) the postal system ii) the son of Babur iii) Rana Sanga iv) in the battle of Haldighat v) padshah for the sovereign ruler vi) joined hands with the Mughals vii) Maratha power viii) descendants of Timurlane ix) intelligent |
Answer:
a) The other name of Sangram Singh is Rana Sanga.
b) The Mughals used the term padshah for the sovereign ruler.
c) The Mughals were proud to be descendants of Timurlane.
d) Humayun was the son of Babur.
e) Sher Shah developed the postal system.
f) Akbar defeated Rana Pratap Singh in the battle of Haldighat.
g) Birbal was very intelligent.
h) For liberal policy of Akbar the Rajputs joined hands with the Mughals.
i) Jahangir realised the importance of Maratha power.
Answer in brief (within 30 – 50 words) : (Full mark-3)
Question 1.
Why does the Mughals regarded themselves as Tinuride?
Answer:
The Mughals were the descendants of the Mongal chief Chenghis Khars on one side and the Turkish despot Timurlane on the other side. The Mughals were proud to be descendants of Timuride. They regarded themselves as Timuride.
Question 2.
Mention the areas where Timur established his empire.
Answer:
In the 14th century, taking the advantage of the fall of Mongal dynasty, Taimur conquered some regions of central Asia and established his empire. These regions belong to Khorasan, Iran, Iraq, and some areas in Turkey.
Question 3.
Who was Badshah or Padshah?
Answer:
The Mughals used the term Badshah for the sovereign ruler. This word means very powerful. By using the title Badshah the Mughals indicated that their reign did not depend on the recognition of any one of else. When Babul was in kabul, he adopted the title Padshah.
Question 4.
What was the strategy of Babur in the battle of Panipat and Khanua?
Answer:
Babur followed dual attack of the artillery on one hand and the swift moving mounted archers on the other hand. The cavalry attacked the enemy from the two sides and also from behind while the artillery shelled from the front. This dual aggression made the opponents perplexed.
Question 5.
Was the battle of Khanua a religious conflict ?
Answer:
Before the war Babur convinced the Mughal soldiers that it was a fight for their religion. They were crusaders or Ghazi. Babur tried to unite his soldiers. Some Muslim rulers from northern India joined the Rajputs to drive away Babur. So the battle was not a religious conflict.
Question 6.
Write about the political conflict between Mughal and Afgan.
Answer:
The two main opponents of Mughals, the Rajputs and the Afgans, had enimity among themselves. Of them the Afgans of Bihar led by Sher Khan was the most important political rival of Humayun. On two consecutive occasions Humayun had lost to Sher Khan. After losing the battle of Chausa and Bilgram Humayun had to flee from the country.
Question 7.
Mention the roads constructed by Sher Shah.
Answer:
Sher Shah constructed a road from Sonargaon in Bengal to Peshawar in the North West frontier. The road was called Sarak-i-Azam. This road was later known as Grand Trunk Road. Another road was constructed from Agra to Jodhpur and also to Chitor. Another road from Lahore to Multan was also constructed.
Question 8.
Who was Bairam Khan?
Answer:
When Akbar became the ruler he was thirteen. Bairam Khan was his guardian. He assisted Babur. With the help of Bairam khan Akbar defeated the Afgans in the second battle of Panipat.
Question 9.
Who was Rana Pratap Singh?
Answer:
Rana Pratap Singh was the son of Rana Uday Singh. Rana Pratap Singh refused to surrender to the Mughals. In 1576 Akbar defeated Rana Pratap Singh in the battle of Haldighat. Even after his defeat Rana Pratap Singh continued to oppose the Mughals.
Question 10.
Who was Birbal?
Answer:
Among the nine celebraties in the court of Akbar Birbal was one of them. His name was Mahesh Das. He was born in a Brahmin family of Madhya Pradesh. He secured a position in the court of Akbar by his wit. He was endowded with the title ‘Raja’. During the reign of Akbar he became Wazir-i Azam or the Prime Minister.
Question 11.
How did Akbar establish his reign?
Answer:
Akbar established his reign not by conquests only. He wanted to place the local rulers in important positions of his court. He did not want to present himself to the local people as a despotic invader. After conquering Northern India the Mughals moved over the Decan.
Question 12.
Who was Baro-Bhuyans?
Answer:
During the reign of Jahangir, the local Hindu Zamindars and the Afgans revolted against the Mughals time and again. The confederation of these rebels was called Baro- Bhuyans. Among them Pratapaditya, Chand Ray, Kedar Ray, Isha Khan etc. deserve nention. Jahangir tried to win over the landlords.
Question 13.
Mention the revolts against Shah Jahan?
Answer:
At the begining of Shah Jahan’s rule Khan Jahan revolted in the Decan. But he was defeated by the Mughals. Military expeditions were sent to. supress revolts in Bundelkhand and in Ahmednagar. During his time the Mughals lost control over Kandahar.
Question 14.
What was the problems during the reign of Aurangzeb?
Answer:
The conflict among the nobility over obtaining Mansabs. The Jat peasants in Mathura and the Satnami peasants in Haryana revolted against the Mughals. Regional powers like the Sikhs and the Marathas also opposed the Mughal rule. Conflict with the Rajputs and the continuous fights in the Deccan created more problems.
Question 15.
Which policy of Akbar was followed by Jahangir and Shah Jahan?
Answer:
During the reign of Jahangir, the Mughals established their control over Mewar. Amar Singh, the son of Rana Pratap Singh, was awarded a high Mansab. During the reign of Shah Jahan, the Rajput chieftains went to fight ever, in distant central Asia. They continued to be awarded high positions.
Question 16.
Mention the relation between Aurangzeb and Rajputs.
Answer:
During the reign of Aurangzeb the largest number of Rajputs came within the Mughal Mansabdari system. Raja Jaisingh, the king of Amber, was one of the most loyal nobels of Aurangzeb. Rana Jaswant Singh the Rathor chieftain of Mewar was an advisory of the Emperor. But latter he received handsome mansab from the emperor.
Answer in detail (within 100- 120 words) : (Full mark-5)
Question 1.
Write what you know about Mansabdari and Jagirdari.
Answer:
The Mansabdars were paid in two ways in cash or in assignments of revenue. The assignments of revenue is called Jagir. The person who held the Jagir was called Jagirdar. The system was called Jagirdari system. One part of the collected revenue was used by the Jagirdars for their livelihood and for maintaining their cavalry. Jagir did not mean land.
Jagirdars were assigned Jagirs to collect revenue from cultivated lands, port areas, markets etc. The Mansabdars were appointed by the Emperor himself. Their promotion also depended upon him. Jagirs were transferred from time to time. The Mansabdari and the Jagirdari system were not hereditary.
Question 2.
What is Sulh-i Kui and Din-i Ilahi ?
Answer:
The basic administrative policy of the Mughal empire was to include all different factions in order to make an Indian empire. It can be said that Akbar’s administrative policy was almost a synthesis of Timuride, Persian and Indian kingship.
According to this principle, the emperor would rule by devine right and would love his subjects as his children. In other words, his right to rule was not granted by any other ruler. The right to rule was his own. He would have no partiality for peace with all was known as Sulh-i kul. On the basis of this principle Akbar introduced a new personal way of thought called Din-i Ilahi.
Answer in brief (within 30 – 50 words) : (Full mark-3)
Question 1.
Why does the Mughals regarded themselves as Tinuride?
Answer:
The Mughals were the descendants of the Mongal chief Chenghis Khars on one side and the Turkish despot Timurlane on the other side. The Mughals were proud to be descendants of Timuride. They regarded themselves as Timuride.
Question 2.
Mention the areas where Timur established his empire.
Answer:
In the 14th century, taking the advantage of the fall of Mongal dynasty, Taimur conquered some regions of central Asia and established his empire. These regions belong to Khorasan, Iran, Iraq, and some areas in Turkey.
Question 3.
Who was Badshah or Padshah?
Answer:
The Mughals used the term Badshah for the sovereign ruler. This word means very powerful. By using the title Badshah the Mughals indicated that their reign did not depend on the recognition of anyone of else. When Babul was in kabul, he adopted the title Padshah.
Question 4.
What was the strategy of Babur in the battle of Panipat and Khanua?
Answer:
Babur followed dual attack of the artillery on one hand and the swift moving mounted archers on the other hand. The cavalry attacked the enemy from the two sides and also from behind while the artillery shelled from the front. This dual aggression made the opponents perplexed.
Question 5.
Was the battle of Khanua a religious conflict ?
Answer:
Before the war Babur convinced the Mughal soldiers that it was a fight for their religion. They were crusaders or Ghazi. Babur tried to unite his soldiers. Some Muslim rulers from northern India joined the Rajputs to drive away Babur. So the battle was not a religious conflict.
Question 6.
Write about the political conflict between Mughal and Afgan.
Answer:
The two main opponents of Mughals, the Rajputs and the Afgans, had enimity among themselves. Of them the Afgans of Bihar led by Sher Khan was the most important political rival of Humayun. On two consecutive occasions Humayun had lost to Sher Khan. After losing the battle of Chausa and Bilgram Humayun had to flee from the country.
Question 7.
Mention the roads constructed by Sher Shah.
Answer:
Sher Shah constructed a road from Sonargaon in Bengal to Peshawar in the North West frontier. The road was called Sarak-i-Azam. This road was later known as Grand Trunk Road. Another road was constructed from Agra to Jodhpur and also to Chitor. Another road from Lahore to Multan was also constructed.
Question 8.
Who was Bairam Khan?
Answer:
When Akbar became the ruler he was thirteen. Bairam Khan was his guardian. He assisted Babur. With the help of Bairam khan Akbar defeated the Afgans in the second battle of Panipat.
Additional Questions and answers
Question 1.
Who were the Mughals?
Answer:
Mughals were the descendants of two of great rulers. From their maternal side Genghis khan ruler was their ancestor. On the father’s side Timurlane, ruler of modern Turkey was their ancestor.
Question 2.
Why was it extremely to rule over the vast territories of Indian subcontinent?
Answer:
It extremely to rule over the vast territories of Indian subcontinent because of the diversity of people and culture in the middle ages.
Question 3.
Why were the Mughals proud of their Turide ancestory?
Answer:
The Mughals did not like to be known as Mughsls. Ghengis Khan’s memory was associated with massacre of people and invasional instinct. It was also linked with Uzbegs, their Mongal competitors.
Question 4.
Who founded the Mughal rule and how?
Answer:
Babur was the first Mughal emperor in India. At the age of 12 he was forced to leave his ancestral home Farghana due to Uzbeg’s attacks. In 1526 he defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the battle of Panipat and captured Delhi and agra. In 1527 he defeated Rana Sanga khanua. In 1628 he defeated Rajputs at Chanderi and strengthened his control over Delhi and Agra.
Question 5.
At which age did Akbar became emperor?
Answer:
At the age of 13 Akbar became emperor.
Question 6.
who were the mothers of Jahangir and Shah Jahan?
Answer:
Mother of Jahangir,was a Kachhwaha princes. She was a daughter of Rajput, ruler of Amber.
Mother of Shah Jahan was a Rahor princes, daughter of a Rajput, the ruler of Marwar.
Question 7.
How did the Mansabdars get their salaries?
Answer:
Most of the mansabdars did not actually reside in or administer their jagirs. They only rights to the revenue of their assignments which was collected for them by their servants. Mansabdars themselves served in somsother parts of the country.
Question 8.
Who were Zamindars? What were their duties?
Answer:
The mainsource of income of the Mughal emperors was tax on on the produce of the peasantry. In most olaces, peasants paid taxes through the rural elites. The rural slites were the headman or the local chieftan. The Mughals used the term ‘zamindar’ to describe all intermediaries, whether they were local hesdmen of villages or powerful chieftains
Question 9.
What wae the idea of Sulh-i-kul according to Jahangir?
Answer:
According to Jahangir Sulh-i-kul was a concept of divine compassion following principle of ‘Universal peace.’
Question 10.
Mention the year in which Mughal empire was established in India.
Answer:
In 1526 Mughal empire was established in India.
Question 11.
Who defeated Humayun at Chausa and Kanauj battle?
Answer:
Sherkhan defeated Humayun at Chausa and Kanauj battle.
Question 12.
Who was Akbar‘s father?
Answer:
Akbar’s father was Humayun.
Question 13.
When did Jahangir became emperor of Mughal?
Answer:
Jahangir became emperor of Mughal after death of his father Akbar in 1695.
Question 14.
What is recognized as a great success of Jahangir?
Answer:
The sisodiya ruler of Mewar, Amar Singh accepted Mughal service which was a great success of Jahangir.
Question 15.
Who was Dara Sukoh?
Answer:
Dara Sukoh was son of Shah Jahan.
Question 16.
Name the emperor who spent his last days in jail.
Answer:
Shah Jahan spent his last days in the jail.
Question 17.
Who killed his three brothers?
Answer:
Aurangzeb killed his three brothers.
Question 18.
Who was the first emperor of Mughal in India?
Answer:
Babur was the first Mughal emperor in India.
Question 19.
When was the first war of Panipat fought?
Answer:
In 1526
Question 20.
When Babur defeated Rana Sanga?
Answer:
In 1527 Babur defeated Rana Sanga, Rajput ruler and allies.
Question 21.
Write the names of all Mughal emperors.
Answer:
Babur, Humayun. Akbar, Jahangir, Shah jahan, Aurangzeb were the Mughal emperors.
Question 22.
What was the main source of income for the Mughals?
Answer:
The main source of income was tax on the produce of the peasantry.
Question 23.
Give the name of provinces where zabat was not possible to implement.
Answer:
Zabat was not possible to implement in Gujrat and Bengal.
Question 24.
Who was Diwan in Mughal administrative system?
Answer:
Financial officer of each province was called Diwan.
Question 25.
Who procided support to subadar?
Answer:
The subadar was supported by military paymacter (bakshi), the minister in charge of religious and charitable patronage (sadar), military commanders (faujdars), the town police commandar (kot.wai).
Question 26.
Write a short note on ‘sulh-i-kul’.
Answer:
Sulh-i-kul means universal peace. Akbar established sulh-i-kul. It did not allowed discrimination between people of different religions in his realm. It was focused on a system of ethics, honesty, justice, peace that was universally applicable.
Question 27.
Describe the steps taken by Todar Mai for lands and taxes.
Answer:
Todar Mai carried out a survey of crop yields, price and areas cultivated for a ten years period. On the basis of this data tax was fixed in each crop in cash. Each province was divided into revenue circles with its own schedule of revenue rates of individual crops. This revenue system was called ‘Zabat’.
Question 28.
Write a short note on ‘Akbar Naina’.
Answer:
Abui Fazl wrote a history of Akbars reign, titled ‘Akbar Nama’. The first volume dealt with Akbar’s ancestors. The second volume recorded the events of Akbar’s reign. The third volume deals with Akbar’s administration, household, army, revenue system and geography of his empire.
Question 29.
Describe the reign of Shah Jahan.
Answer:
- The Afgan noble Khan Jahan Lodi rebelled against Mughalas and was defeated.
- Campaigns were launched against Ahmadnagar; the Bundelas were defeated and Orcnha seized.
- The campaign to seize Balkh from the Uzbegs was unsuccessful. Qandahar was lost to the Safavids.
- In 1657-58 there was a conflict over succession amonst Shah Jahan’s sons.
- Aurangzeb was victorious and his three brothers were killed.
- Shah Jahan was imprisoned for the reel of his life in Agra.
Question 30.
How did the nobles of Akbar weaken the empire?
Answer:
Akbar’s nobles commanded large armies. They had access to large amount of revenue. Till they were loyal, the emperor functioned efficiently. At the snd of the 17th century many nobles had build independent networks of their own. Their loyalties to the emperor were weakened to their own self interest.
Question 31.
Who was benefited in Mansabdari system?
Answer:
The Mughal emperors and their mansabdars spent a great deal of income on salaries and goods. This expenditure benefited the artisans and peasants who supplied them with goods and produce. But the scale of revenue collection left very little for investment in the hands of the primary producers, peasants and artisans. They lived from hand to mouth. The wealthier peasantry and artiasanal groups, merchants and bankers profited in this type of economy.
Multiple Choice Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Genghis Khan was a ruler of thie tribe__________
i) Huns
ii) Turkish
iii) Mongols
iv) none of these
Answer:
Mongols
Question 2.
Which Mughal emperor was defeated by Sher Shah__________
i) Babur
ii) Akbar
iii) Jahangir
iv) Humayun
Answer:
iv) Humayun
Question 3.
Which is the ruling period of Jahangir__________
i) 1605-1627
ii) 1530-1556
iii) 1556-1605
iv)1526-1530
Answer:
1605-1627
Question 4.
Which Sikh Guru’s Martyrdom took place __________
i) Guru Tegh Bahadur Singh
ii) Guru Arjun Singh
iii) Guru Gobimd Singh
iv) Guru Nanak Singh
Answer:
Guru Arjun Singh
Question 5.
Rathor Rajput was related to __________
i) Mewar
ii) Marwar
iii) Ranthambor
iv) Amber
Answer:
ii) Marwar
Question 6.
The salary of the Mansabdars was called ____________
i) Jat
ii) Mansab
iii) Jagi
iv) Jabat
Answer:
iii) Jagi