Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 History Book Solutions Chapter 8 From Communalism to the Partition offer valuable context and analysis.
WBBSE Class 8 History Chapter 8 Question Answer – From Communalism to the Partition
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct alternatives:
a. English became the official language in ealonial India, replacing persian in __________ (1847/1837/1850)
Answer:
1837.
b. The modernisation altempt of Indian Muslim Society was started by __________ (Muhammad Ali Jinnah/Moulana Abul Kalam Azad/Sir Syed Ahmed khan)
Answer:
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.
c. The leader of peasant people’s party was __________ (A. K. Fazlul Haque/Muhammad Ali Jinnah/Jawharlal Nehru)
Answer:
A. K. Fazlul Haque.
d. The Sovereign state of Pakistan was born on __________ (15th August,1947/14th August, 1947/26th January, 1947)
Answer:
14th August 1947.
2. Identify the wrong statements:
a. In nineteenth century the Muslims were back with regard in education, employment ect in comparison to the Hindus.
Answer:
Right.
b. Hindu revivalist movement influenced Ilind-Muslim relation in India.
Answer:
Right.
c. Mahatma gandhi did not support the Khilafat Movement.
Answer:
Wrong.
d. The Pakistan proposal came up in the Lahore session (1940)
Answer:
Right.
3. Answer briefly (30-40 words)
Question a.
What was the objective of Aligarh movement?
Answer:
Sir sayed Ahmed Khan realised that religious superstition and hate to the Western Education were the main causes of the backwordness of Muslims. He put effort to spread education among the Muslims. He founded Anglo Oriental Collage in Aligarh. He translated many English books in Urdu. He also founded Scientific Society.
Question b.
Te what extant was the Hindu-Muslim relationship in Bengal influenced by the Swadeshi Movement?
Answer:
The leaders of the swadeshi movement had made prominent the social discrimination between Hindus and Muslims by using the religious symbol in politics. The Muslim leaders complained that the Hindus were given priority. So the identification of Hindu or Muslim tucame prominent than the identification of Bengalees. During the Swadesi movement poor people were given pressure to boycatt foreign clothes. As the result the movement against partition of Bengal turned into the division between Hindu and Muslim.
Question c.
Why did the Indian Muslims start Khilafat movement?
Answer:
Indian Muslims respected the Sultan of Turk as their Khalifat. They had religious layalty to the Khalifa. In first World War the Khalifa of Turk took the side of germany. After the world War Turk was divided for the offence of taking side against Britain. A movemen was stated all over the world including India against the humiliation of Khalifa and to restore his position.
Question d.
Why is the year 1930 important with respect to Hindu Muslim relations?
Answer:
In 1930 Muhammad Ikbal, the President of Muslim legue, and Rahaman Ali, the student of cambridge Univercity demanded for seperate land for Muslims. There world be Punjab, North west Fronteer, Beluchistan and Kashmir in this land. Rahamat Ali mentioned the word ‘Pakistan’. This year of 1930 is important for communalism.
4. Write in your own words. (120-160)
Question a.
Discuss on Sir Sayed Ahmed Khan’s achievements in taking Muslim society to the path of modernisation.
Answer:
Sir Sayed Ahmed Khan realised that the main causes of the backwardness of Muslim society are the religious superstition and hatred against western education. He understood that without western eductation Muslims could not occupy the equal position in the society and the job facilities and the other facities would remain centralised in Hindu’s grip. So he put effort to spread western education and culture among Muslims. He established an English school at Gajipur and published a magazine. He also founded Scientific Society.
His most significant work for the development of Muslim Society was establishing Anglo oriental college. It was one of his best deed. In this college arts, and science were tought by the medium of English language with the help of British professors. The Aligarh movement was grown on the basis of Aligarh college. This movement increased the political consciousness among Muslims, Sir Sayed Ahmed tried to remove the superstition and ignorance of the Muslims by reasoning. He opposed polygamy, parda syatem and tallak system.
Question b.
How was the Hindu revivalist movement born in the nineteenth century? What was the effect of such movements in creating communal mentality,
Answer:
At the first phase the congress leaders decided not to adopt any proposal that was contrary to Muslim interest. But the Hindu cultural revival movement captured the nation of Hindu race by using the stories of Hindu scripture and Hindu symbols. The Hindu revivalists considered that Hindu and India are equal. In one hand, they put blame to the Muslim emperors for the declining of the civilisation, on the other hand they did not support the werstern reasoning and free thinking. The revivalists did not agree with the western nationalist position of the Hindu reformists.
According to them the liberal reformers and British rule was an obstacle to the revivalists in forming of Hindu nationalist state. Most of the revolutionery nationalist claimed Hindu religion and Hindus to be national culture and same as the Indian race. Taking of a revolutionary by putting a hand on the gita, Shivaji and Ganapati festival, Arabinda’s hymn to Mother India and view of nationalism as a religion can be mentioned.
For the trend to the Hinduism in national movement many edusated Muslims kept themselves away from the national movement. To keep ther communal existence they became orthodox with the help of ambitious political leader and the ulema new political organisation for Muslim was grown.
Question c.
How were the Muslim leaders alienated from the Congress after the non-violent, non co-operation movement?
Answer:
The leaders of Swadeshi movement created social contradictory between Hindi and Muslim by using religious symbol of Hindu in politics. Besides for their various behaviour anti partition movement of Bengal turned into Hindu-Muslim conflict. After that, British Government created some opportunities before educated Muslims. To get opportunity in case of education job and politics the Muslims of Bengal and North India becameunited together. In the Mahamedan Education conference of 1906 at Dhaka there was a demand of establishing a seperate organisation for Muslims.
In this conference All India Muslim League was formed. This organisation started working to keep a watch over Muslims interest and political rights. Their objective was to show loyalty to the British Government. The Muslims who are the supporter of Congress, opposed this foundation of Muslim league. But it did not affect much. Slowly the influence of Muslim League started spreading in different provinces of India.
Question d.
How did the partition of India became imminent between 1940-1947? Do you think partition of India was unavoidable? Give reason for your answer.
Answer:
Mahammad Ali Jinnah presided over the Lahore session of Mulslim league in 1940. In this session a seperate state for a seperate race was demanded. But the name ‘Pakistan’ for seperate state was not mentioned. The resolution was drafted by Sikkandar Hayat Khan and the resolution was arisen by Fazlul Haque. The resolution for seperate state is known as Pakistan resolution.
In 1940 Lord Linlithgow promised the Muslim that if there would occur an understanding between India and British, Muslims would be given full protection. Congress and Muslim League both refused the proposal of Cripps Mission in 1942. In the same year Muslim League opposed the Quit India Movement when the maximum Congress leaders were in Jail the Muslim leaders largely propagated the idea of Pakistan the seperate state for Muslims. It was said that to support the league was to support the Islam. Many newspaper controlled by Muslims supported the demand of Pakistan.
In 1944 Congressed leader C. Rajagopalachari presented a proposal of a pact to Jinnah but it was refused as it did not contain direct-recoginition of Pakistan. Next year in the Simla session League demanded it as the representation of all Muslims of India. Congress protested against the claim. The meeting was dismissed. The supports for the demand of ‘Pakistan’ rapidly increasing. Mainly the professioinals and the merchants became active. To them Pakistan means to end of compitition with Hindus. The support of pirs and Ulema also added with it.
Incidentally India was going to be devided. Muslim was firm in their demand of Pakistan. They were not agree to admit the dominance of Congress. They started movement for ‘Pakistan’. Riot between Hindu-Muslim prevailed and it was continuing. To get rid of it the eminent leaders of Congress and Muslim League found no way except the partition of India. The planned draft of the proposal of Lord Mountbatten was admitted by both Congress and Muslim League.
5. Imagine and write (written 200 words)
Question a.
Suppose you learnt of the partition of India on 14th August 1947. Now you have to leave your home and go else where. Write in your won words what would be your reaction in such situation.
Answer:
On 14th August 1947 I have come to know that India has devided into two partsIndia and Pakistan. It is a bolt from a blue that we have to go another place leaving our own home or homeland. The land the house which were once only owns have to be left by the dicission of the leaders. The neighbours who were our own now they have to be left also. We do not think of it even in dream.
Where shall we go, where shall we like. What shall we eat what will be the means of earning? Who will give the answer of such question? That means we have enlisted our name as refuges. Not only us, many people are in same state like us. Some one suddenly has taken off our roof, our shelter. The persons who are responsible to devide our country could not understand our condition, our pain. But when we must have to go, we have to pack now. Everyone has started preperation. We have to short our journey towards uncertainty.
Class 8 History Chapter 8 Question Answer West Bengal Board – From Communalism to the Partition
Multiple Choice Questions & Answers :
Question 1.
Towards the end of nineteenth century in Bengal and Punjab Muslim population among total population was-
i) one fourth
ii) half
iii) seventy five
Answer:
ii) half
Question 2.
After 1870 there was a change in British policy-
i) to make the national movement weak
ii) to make the congress weak
iii) to make Muslim league weak
Answer:
i) to make the national movement weak
Question 3.
English replaced Persianas the official language in-
i) 1830
ii) 1833
iii) 1823
iv) 1837
Answer:
iv) 1837
Question 4.
After the death of Sir Sayyid Ahmed teh importance of Aligarh-
i) increases
ii) remain same
iii) decreases
Answer:
iii) decreases
Question 5.
Congress and muslim League members meet In December 1918 at –
i) Aligarh
ii) Lahore
iii) Bombay
iv) Delhi
Answer:
iv) Delhi
Question 6.
After the withdrwal of non-cooperation movement, Khilafat movement –
i) started
ii) lost its importance
iii) became active
Answer:
ii) lost its importance
Question 7.
The Khalifa’s post wes abolished in-
i) 1924
ii) 1929
iii) 1919
iv) 1900
Answer:
i) 1924
Question 8.
British Prime Minister Ramsey Macdonald announced the communal divide
i) 1930
ii) 1932
iii) 1935
iv) 1922
Answer:
ii) 1932
Question 9.
League and Congress met in Simla under Lord Wavell’s leadership in –
i) 1946
ii) 1944
iii) 1945
iv) 1941
Answer:
iii) 1945
Question 10.
A. K. Fazlul Huq’s Krishak Prala Party spoke for-
i) Muslim low caste peasants
ii) Hindu low caste peasants
iii) Hindu and Muslim low caste peasants
Answer:
iii) Hindu and Muslim low caste peasants
State whether True or False:
1. The Extremist politics did not appeal to the Muslims.
Answer:
True
2. In 1830 English replaced Persian as the official language.
Answer:
False.
3. Sir Sayyid Ahmed died in 1898.
Answer:
True.
4. The Mohammedan Education Conference was held in 1906.
Answer:
True.
5. The Ulema likede Sir Sayyid’s idea of westernisation.
Answer:
False.
6. Shaukat Ali was deeply influenced by the Ulema.
Answer:
True.
7. All India Muslim League was founded solely for Muslims and Hindus.
Answer:
False.
8. Sir Sayyid was in favour of creating communal disharmony between the two communities.
Answer:
False.
9. Sir Sayyid wanted the aristocratic and educated Muslims to be self-reliant.
Answer:
True.
10. Britain occupied a lafge part of the Ottonan empire.
Answer:
True.
Fill in the blanks :
1. The Hindu cultural revival movement gave birth to political ______.
Answer:
Extremism.
2. The Khilafatist leaders were not wholly in favour of Gandhi’s ______ policy.
Answer:
non-violent.
3. In bengal, the Hindu bhadralok held a ______ and slighting attitude towards the Muslims.
Answer:
negative.
4. Sayyid Ahmed ______ the Muslims not to join the Congress.
Answer:
nstructed.
5. Badruddin Tyabji joined the ______.
Answer:
Congress.
6. In the Lahore session of the Muslim League, Muslims were formally announced to be a seperate ______.
Answer:
race.
7. The activities of conservative leaders like Madanmohan Malaviya, further distanced the Muslim ______ from the Congress.
Answer:
community.
8. Muhammed Ali Jinnah was ______ of the muslim League’s Lahore Session.
Answer:
president.
9. In the Simla session(1945), the League declared itself to be the ______ of all Indtain Muslim.
Answer:
representative.
10. After a lot of considerations, The League and Congress finally accepted Lord Mountbatten’s ______ plan in June 1947.
Answer:
partition.
Match the column A with column B.
| A | B |
| 1) Sir Sayyid Ahmed died | a) met at Delhi |
| 2) Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan | b) Muslim Lesgue |
| 3) All India Muslim League | c) British prime minister |
| 4) In 1918 Congress and Muslim League | d) in 1924 |
| 5) Lahore session (1940) | e) Aligarh movement |
| 6) Ramsay Macdonald | f) Krishak Praja Party |
| 7) Caliph’s post abolished | g) in 1898 |
| 8) A. K. Fazlul Haq | h) founded for Muslims |
Answer:
| A | B |
| 1) Sir Sayyid Ahmed died | a) in 1898 |
| 2) Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan | b) Aligarh movement |
| 3) All India Muslim League | c) founded for Muslims |
| 4) In 1918 Congress and Muslim League | d) met at Delhi |
| 5) Lahore session (1940) | e) Muslim Lesgue |
| 6) Ramsay Macdonald | f) British prime minister |
| 7) Caliph’s post abolished | g) in 1924 |
| 8) A. K. Fazlul Haq | h) Krishak Praja Party |
Answer in a sentence :
Question 1.
Who propagated that Muslims are alike and they form a religious community?
Answer:
Colonial government propagated that Muslims are alike and they form a religious community.
Question 2.
Who was the creator of Aligarh movement?
Answer:
Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan was the creator of Aligarh movement.
Question 3.
Who tried to promote enthusiasm among Muslim students?
Answer:
Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan tried to promote enthusiasm among Muslim students.
Question 4.
For whom All India Muslim League was formed?
Answer:
All India Muslim League was formed solely for Muslims.
Question 5.
Who instructed the Muslims not to join the Congress?
Answer:
Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan instructed the Muslims not to join the Congress.
Question 6.
What happened after the death of Sir Sayyid Ahmed?
Answer:
Aligarh lost its importance as a center of Muslim politics.
Question 7.
Who did not asupport Sayyid Ahmed’s idea of westernisation?
Answer:
The Ulema did not asupport Sayyid Ahmed’s idea of westernisation.
Question 8.
In Devember 1918 who met at Delhi?
Answer:
In Devember 1918 Congress and Muslim League leaders met at Delhi.
Question 9.
Who and when occupied a large part of Ottoman empire?
Answer:
After first world war Britain occupied a large part of Ottoman empire.
Question 10.
When was the election to the provincial assembly held?
Answer:
In 1937 the election to the provincial assembly was held.
Question 11.
Who is Muhammad Iqbal?
Answer:
Muhammad Iqbal is a famous poet.
Question 12.
‘Sare jahanse achcha, Hindusthan hamara,’-Who wrote this?
Answer:
Muhammad lqbal wrote this.
Question 13.
When was Lahore session of Muslim League held?
Answer:
Lahore session of Muslim League was held in 1940.
Question 14.
Who formed ‘Krishak Praja Party’?
Answer:
Fazlul Huq formed ‘Krishak Praja Party’.
Question 15.
What darkened the Indian dreedom?
Answer:
Vicious riot and homeless life darkened the Indian dreedom.
Answer in brief :
Question 1.
Write a short note on Communal idea behind population census.
Answer:
The strength and status of different communities within India’s total population becane clear through population count. It was understood that haif the population of Bengal and Punjab were Muslims. The colonial government while conducting census had assumed that the individual’s racial and religious identity was most important. Through the census, assessment was made of each community on the basis of religion. Thus in colonial India, communal and racial identities gained predominance. The conflict thus started, evolved into a social and political problem through the rise of communal politics.
Question 2.
Write a short note on Pakisthan Proposal.
Answer:
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was president of the Muslim League’s Lahore session (1940). In this session a demand came up for Muslims to be declared a separate race and given a self-ruled state. Cambridge University student Rahmat Ali spoke of a state called ‘Pakistan’ in 1933-34. This name was not contained in the proposal for a separate state presented at the Lahore session, Sikadar Hayat Khan took an active part in preparing the draft. Fazlul Haque presented it. This proposal accepted by the Muslim League at the Lahore session. It is known as Pakistan proposal.
Question 2.
What was the main purpose of Aligarh Movement?
Answer:
Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan wanted to promote liberalism in muslim society by mingling Isłamic theology with western scientific knowledge. He was against creating communal disharmony betwssn the two communities. He wanted the aristocratic and educated Muslims to be self-reliant.At Aligarh Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College, western philophy happily coexisted with Islamic theology in the curriculam. He was not anti-national. After the death of Sir Sayyid Aligarh Movement began to lose its importance.
Question 3.
Write a short note on Muslim Lesgue?
Answer:
The educated Muslims of united Bengal and north India united ivith a view to participating in education, job and politics. The Mohammedan Education Conference was held in 1906. The need for a separate organisation for Muslims was emphasised. In the same session All India Muslim League was founded solely for Muslims. The aim of the League was to keep a watch over Muslim interest and political rights. The Muslim League aimed to show loyalty to the British.
Question 4.
Write a short note on Muhammad Iqbal.
Answer:
Muhammad Iqbal is a famous poet of modern India. Through his poems he deeply stirred the religious and philosophical ideas of the young generation. Iqbal was a humanist who believed that good work gives peace and eternal life to human beings. He believed it was a sin to accept the domination of rituals. Iqbal wrote many patriotic poems such as ‘Sare jahan se achcha, Hindusthan hamara’. Towards the end he too advocated a separate state for the Muslims.