Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 History Book Solutions Chapter 7 Nationalist Ideals and Their Evolution offer valuable context and analysis.
WBBSE Class 8 History Chapter 7 Question Answer – Nationalist Ideals and Their Evolution
Think and Find –
1. Match the staiements below with their appropriate explanation :
Question a.
Statement : Gandhi was opposed to Western ideals.
Explantion 1: Gandhi was a conservative person.
Explanation 2: Gandhi thought Western ideals were a hindrance to attaining Swaraj.
Expanation 3: Gandhi wanted the people of India to lead a simple life.
Answer:
Gandhi wanted the people of India to lead a simple life.
Question b.
Statement : Rowlatt Act came up in 1919.
Explanation-1: To decrease Gandhi’s influence in Indian politics.
Explanation-2 : To supress anti-Brisith discontent and revolutionary activities.
Explanation-3 : To give constitutional benefits to the Indians.
Answer:
To suppress anti-British discontent and revolutionary activites.
Question c.
Statement : Gandhi supported Khilafat movement.
Explanation-1 : To ensure Muslim cooperation and participation in nationalist movement.
Explanation-2 : To show symphally to the Sultan of Turkey.
Explanation-3 : To make strong demands for the improvement of Muslim Society.
Answer:
To ensure Muslim Co-operation and participation in nationalist movement.
Question d.
Statement: Indians opposed Simon commission.
Explanation-1 : Indians did not like Sir John Simon.
Explanation-2 : Sir John Simon was opposed to Indians.
Explanation-3: Simon commission had no Indian representatives.
Answer:
Simon commission had no Indian representatives.
Question e.
Statements : Subhas Chandra Bose took charge of Azad Hind Fauz.
Explanation-1 : To fulfill Rashbehari Bose’s request.
Explanation-2 : To attack British occupied Indian region with the help of Azad Hind Fouz.
Explanation-3 : To help Japanese Government.
Answer:
To fulfill Rashbihari Bose’s request.
2. Match Column A with B :
| A | B |
| Champaran in Bihar | Chittoranjan Das |
| Swarajya Party | Corridor war |
| Binay-Badal-Dinesh | Lahore conspiracy case |
| Bhagat Sing | Peasant movement |
| Pattavi Sitaramaiya | Tripura Congress |
Answer:
| A | B |
| Champaran in Bihar | Peasant movement |
| Swarajya Party | Chittaranjan Das |
| Binay-Badal-Dinesh | Corridor war |
| Bhagat Sing | Lahore conspiracy case |
| Pattavi Sitaramaiya | Tripura Congress |
3. Answer in brief (30-40 wards)
Question a.
What effect did the movement in South Africa had on Gandhi’s political life?
Answer:
Gandhiji started his political carier at South Africa. Gandhiji organised a no-violent Satyagraha movement against South African Government for ruthless torturs over the Indian businessmen and labour who were the residents of South Africa. His movement at last became successful. His experience in South Africa became benificial in case of starting the Indian freedom movement.
Question b.
What was the idea behind Gandhiji’s ideal of Satyagraha?
Answer:
Interest towards truth or be stick in truth is called Satyagraha. Gandhiji’s searching for trouth is the chief aim human life. This Satyagraha was the principal aim and ideal of Gandhi. A Satyagrahi never does any unjust or support it. He became successful to organise the national movement applying this principle in India.
Question c.
What were the main demands of the Swarajists?
Answer:
1. To oppose the government activites and to prevent law making after joining the elcction and capturing the parliament. 2. To refuse the Governmental budget. 3. To criticize the Government law. 4. To present the exploitation of British by adopting certain principle. 5. To convince the people about the baseless governmental law. To spread nationalism by arising different resolution.
Question d.
Who was called Frontier Gandhi and why?
Answer:
In the North-Western provinces of India Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan participatate in civil disobedience movement. The name of his organisation was Kuda-e-Khidmadgar. The members of the organisation were also called ‘red coat army’. Khan Abdul Gafar Khan was the fallower of Gandhiji and kept faith in non-violance moveent. Thus he was called the Frontier Gandhi.
Question e.
What role did Matangini Hazra play in the Quit India movement?
Answer:
In the second stage quit India movement was spread over the rural areas. A number of people made a procession to the police station for demonestration. An old woman and a rebel named Matangini Hazra was in leading part of the procession with national flag in hand and the slogan of ‘Bande Mataram’. She died in police fire after sometime. She was called the “Joan of Arc” of Tamluk.
4. Write in your own words. (120-160)
Question a.
Explain Gandhi’s ideal of non-violent Satyagraha. Compare the ideal of the Moderate leaders with Gandhi’s position.
Answer:
Interest in truth and remain firm in truth is called Satyagraha. Satyagrah never command or bear unjust and give up violence. Gandhiji followed this policy in South Africa and succeeded. After returning on our country Gandhiji applied this policy in India and also succeeds.
Gandhiji showed a new path to the nation by his Satyagraha movement. So giving up the old appeal and pitition policy Congress joined in the active movement. People of all classes participated in the movement and thus the movement turned into mass movement. The main objective of the movement was to achieve Swaraj. Later the civil disobedience movement or August movement was led by Gandhiji. All these movements were non-violent or Satyagraha movement. There were two factors of the non-violence, Satyagraha movement. 1) Continue non-violence movement against British to achieve freedom. 2) To develop the condition of poor distressed people. This ideal was totally different from that of the congress leader of first phase.
Question b.
What were the features of non-violent, non Co-operation movement? Do you agree Gandhi’s decision to halt the movement. Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
The constructive and boycott policy was adopted in non-cooperation policy. By constructive activities tying to build self-power was elated. The result of these activities were spreading of education, social reformation etc. National school was established at that time. Vocational training was started. Besides the development of various industries or cattage industries heavy indigenous industries had been set up. The trend of using native goods was increased. The use of Khadi clothes also increased. Tant bastra, sugar, soap, salt, leather goods were manufactured in the indigenous factory.
Boycatt of foreign goods was auother side of the movement. Picketing was slanted before the shop where foreign made goods were sold. Besides the boycot of foreign goods the celebration of national festival was slopped. National schools and colleges were set up. The members of Destrict broads Municipalities and Panchayet started resigning. The students left school and college. Foreign made lawyers resinged from court, middle class resigned from job. For social boycott the men of the occupation of washerman, barber, cobbler stanted to non-cooperate the British.
The non-co-operation movement prevailed at over India but finally it was withdrawn. This movement no doubt turned in a mass movement. Through this movement the fighting spirit of the Congress was revealed. On the other hand this movement proved that the British rule was imperialistic by nature. The political consciousness among the public was spread. People could realise the usefulness of united movement. The urging for independence arose in the mind of people. In this situation according to different leaders the movement should not be withdrawn.
Question c.
What was the nature of mass participation in civil disobediance movement? Did Bhagat Singh and Surya Sen share Gandhian ideals?
Answer:
Civil Disobediance movement could not be successful. But this movement increased the political consciousness and desire for indipendence of Indians. People of all ages, ciasses and occupations participated in this movement. A remarkable features of this movement was that the women of India had joined in it. In ‘Young India’ Gandhi called for the women to join in the movement. Among them Sarojini Naidu. Basanti Devi led the movement os women. Unnumbered women were put to jail. Only is Delhi more than sixteen hundred were arrested. The revolution of Surya Sen and Bhagat Sing was armed revolution. Their path was totally different from Gandhiji. They were determined to drive out the British by active arm revolution. They did not keep trust on non-violent movement.
Question d.
Discuss Subhas Chandra Bose’s rise in national politics, which ideas influenced Subhas Chandra’s political thought?
Answer:
Instead of joining Indian civil service Subhas Chandra Bose joined in Bengal politics under the leadership of Chittaranjan Das. He became the editor of Bengal congress propaganda. He was appointed principal of National college. He was put to jail for active participation in non cooperation movement. Beeing in the same jail Subhas Chandra meet Chittaranjan and came across his ideas. He became the secretary of Swaraj Party. He took up the post of editor of forward newspaper.
In the mean time he was sentenced to jail for several times. After the death of Chittaranjan Das he expressed his viws in favour of complete Swaraj. In 1928 at the calcutta season of the Congress a confict arose in between Subhas Chandra and Gandhiji. He was arrested after standing of Civil dis obdience movement. After this he went to Europe for treatment. He was introducedMussoleni’s anti corruption and social welfare programmes in Italy. He criticised sharply for withdrawan of Non cooperation movement. Subhas Chandra and Jawarharlal Nehru demanded revolutionary programme of Congress. He took a effort to creat pressure British Government when 2nd World War was started. After that he took charge of Azad Hind Fauz at Japan.
Different maters left marks on his political thought. On the other hand he was attarcted towards the economic equality of Russia. He was influenced by the constructive thoughts of Swami Vibekananda. Though he had no faith in non violence method but he admired his leadership. This was greatly influenced by Chittoranjan Das.
Question e.
Was the Gandhian ideal of Satyagraha followed in Quit India movement? How will you explain the Naval Revolt as a part of national freedom struggle?
Answer:
The Gandhian policy of non-violence was not followed in quit India movement. He himself called up “Do or die”. He wanted that the British should leave India. In the first phase hartal took place in schools, collages, offices, courts, factories of Calcutta, Bombay, Lakhonow, Ahmedabad, Kanpur etc. The encounter by police started and the communication system was disrupted. After that the revolt spread over the rural areas. Mass movement arose in different parts of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh. The mob captured post offices, government offices, police station. The road ways were damaged. Governmental offices were burnt to ash. National Government was founded at Tamluk, Satara. Talcher etc. British rule was abolished from those places. The Tamluk National Government survived till September 1944.
In the last phase of freedom struggle the naval revolt gave a below to the colonial rule. After the second world war it was the greatest mass movement. It had a great significant at the last stage of freedom movement. At first it was the revolt of Navy but in due course of time it spread all over India and turned into mass movement. It renewed the patriotic feelings among Indians. Most remarkable factor of Naval Revolt was that the British realised that they should to not keep trust on Indian army. They realised that the British rule would come to an end soon. So they took the decision to leave India. Soon the power was transferred.
5. Imageine and write (within 200 words)
Question a.
Suppose you are a common man participating in non co-operation movement. Write a leter to your friend lescribing your expenrience and the enthusiastic participation of various people in the movement.
Answer:
Tamluk
August 1942
DearNikhil,
Hope you are well. Today is the day of rejoicing moment. Know that Non-Cooperation movement has started all over India. All provinces of India have joined in this movement but it affected extremely the provinces like Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Bombay, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. For Gandhiji’s call the labourer, the peasant, the students, the people of middle class, the intelectuals, the Hindus, the Muslims have joined in this movement. Hartal has taken place peacefully and succsefully in Midnapur. Under the leadership of Birendranath Sashmal the middle class and the pleasant have continued Satyagraha movement against Union Board and stopped paying ‘Chowkidari’ tax for long. The Santals of Jhargram has participated in Satyagraha.
Satyagraha has been led successfully in Birbhum. Striks of steamer in East Bengal, Assam-Bengal Rail strike also occured In Pabna, Bagura settlement system has been made inactive by non-cooperation. The movement in Bihar remains constructive. Many national school and Khadi Bhandars have been set up there. The police also has taken different suspressive measures. Only in Kolkatannear about three thousand volunteer have been arrested. In response of Gandhiji’s call the women have came out on road
from their houses. It is the first mass movement in India. Chittaranjan Das, Motilal, Patel and many other eminent lawyers have joined in the movement backing their law practice. Many people of other occupations also have joined leaving their job, study and hope of futures. The peasants and labourers could not remain unmoved by the call of Gandhiji.
Do you keep away from this movement? Or. you have responed at the call of Gandhiji. let me know in your letter. No more today. Give answer.
Yours
Chanchal
Question b.
Suppose you are a journalist. Subhas Chandra Bose had left his home deep in the middle of the night. A map of the paths he took is given below. Write a newspaper article form the map, regarding the route he had taken.
Answer:
Calcutta January 1941. On last 16th January Subhash Chandra has escaped from his house of 38/2 Elgin Road be fooling the police when he was in interim. In perfect disguise he drove out a car with his nephew Shishir Kumar Bose. The car crossed the Elgin Road and reached lower Circular Road. Thus it went ahead along the Harison Road towards Howrah. The car crossed the Howrah Bridge leaving the Howrah Station and went ahead towards Gomo station. Then he got down from the car and caught Kalka Mail.
Class 8 History Chapter 7 Question Answer West Bengal Board – Nationalist Ideals and Their Evolution
Multiple Choice Questions & Answers :
Question 1.
Gandhiji returned India-
i) before first world war
ii) at the time of first world war
iii) after first world war
iv) at the time of second world war
Answer:
ii) at the time of first world war
Question 2.
Gandhiji’s Satyagraha and non-violence are-
i) against each other
ii) substitute
iii) related
Answer:
iii) related
Question 3.
Jalianwalla Bagh incident happened in 1919 on-
i) 13 march
ii) 23 March
iii) 23 April
iii) 13 April
Answer:
iii) 13 April
Question 4.
Satyagraha in Khera district was-
i) not very successful
ii) very successful
iii) not at all successful
Answer:
i) not very successful
Question 5.
The Incidence of Chauri Chaura happened in-
i) Bihar
ii) Utterpradesh
iii) Gujrat
iv) Maharastra
Answer:
ii) Utterpradesh
Question 6.
Simon Commission was formed in-
i) 1927
ii) 1917
iii) 1907
i) 1937
Answer:
i) 1927
Question 7.
Khilafat Committee came into being in March-
i) 1909
ii) 1929
iii) 1919
iv) 1900
Answer:
iii) 1919
Question 8.
Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Congress-Khilafat-Swarajya Party in-
i) 1920
iii) 1930
iii) 1912
iv) 1922
Answer:
iv) 1922
Question 9.
Gandhi broke the salt law by his Dandi expedition in1930 on –
i) 1st April
ii) 6th April
iii) 3rd April
iv) 6th March
Answer:
ii) 6 th April
Question 10.
Bhagat Sigh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged in-
i) 1929
ii) 1928
iii) 1920
iv) 1922
Answer:
i) 1929
Question 11.
Police Super sanders was killed by-
i) Sukdev
ii) Rajguru
iii) Bhagat Singh
iv) Masterda
Answer:
iii) Bhagat Singh
Question 12.
The Tamralipta National Government survived till September-
i) 1944
ii) 1942
iii) 1943
iv) 1945
Answer:
i) 1944
State whether True or False:
1. The Swarajya party won the Calcutta Corporation election in 1824.
Answer:
True
2. Subhas chandra ranked first in the 1920 I. C. S. examination.
Answer:
False.
3. In 1942 captain Mohan Sigh and Rashbehari Basu formed the Azad Hind Fauj. is
Answer:
True.
4. Congress and Muslim League did not support the Naval revolt.
Answer:
True.
5. Non-cooperation movement was non-violent everywhere.
Answer:
False.
6. Gandhi did not use newspaper to propagate his opinion.
Answer:
False.
7. Many Indian soldiers lost their lives during the First world war.
Answer:
True.
8. Lord Chelmsford passed the Government of India act in 1919.
Answer:
True.
9. Surya Sen was arrested by the police in 1930 .
Answer:
False.
10. Quit India movement was mainly rural movement.
Answer:
False.
11. Tamralipta National Government was formed under the leadership of satish Chandra Samanta.
Answer:
True.
12. Cripps promised that after the war India would be granted self-government.
Answer:
True.
Fill in the blanks :
1. From 1919 Gandhi became the main leader of anti-British __________.
Answer:
movements.
2. Gandhiji had organised a movement against __________ in South Africa.
Answer:
racism.
3. Indian claim of __________ was disregarded.
Answer:
autonomy.
4. Gandhi had a ___________ rolein the champaran agitation,.
Answer:
limited.
5. Non-Cooperation movement was not ______ everywhere.
Answer:
non-violent.
6. Binay-Badal-Dinesh attacked ________ on 8th December, 1930.
Answer:
Writer’s Buildings.
7. In 1930 the Chitagong uprising was led by _______.
Answer:
Surya Sen.
8. In May 1934 Civil Disobedience was unconditionally _______.
Answer:
withdrawn.
9. All political organisations in India ______ the Simon Commission.
Answer:
opposed.
10. The quit India movement was mainly an ___________ movement.
Answer:
urban.
11. The spread of national education was __________ due to lack of funds.
Answer:
halted.
12. A few days latter after the death of Matangini Hazra agriculture was badly affected in Midriapore in a ____________.
Answer:
cyclone.
13. Gandhi changed the mood of political movement with his cry ________.
Answer:
Do or die.
14. Subhas Chandra Bose was in favour of total _________ from the begining of his political career.
Answer:
swaraj.
15. Subhas went to Japan to take ________ of Azad hind Fauj.
Answer:
charge.
Match the column A with column B.
| A | B |
| 1) Subhas did not receive | a) died in 1925 |
| 2) Holwell monument became a | b) much help from Hitlar in Berlin |
| 3) Gandhi was opposed | c) died after a few days |
| 4) Subhas had kept the Mindu | d) Chittagong armoury was looted |
| 5) Chittaranjan Das. | e) symbol of British imperialism |
| 6) An injured Binay | f) the follower of Bhagat Singh |
| 7) Binay-Badal-Dinesh attaced | g) to Naval Revolt |
| 8) Ramprasad Bismil was | h) Muslim, Sikh unified in his army |
| 9) Under the leadership of Surya Sen | i) was passed in 1919 |
| 10) Government of India Act | j) Writer’s Buildings on 8th December |
Answer:
- Subhas did not receive much help from Hitlar in Berlin.
- Holwell monument became a symbol of British imperialism.
- Gandhi was opposed to Naval Revolt.
- Subhas had kept the Mindu Muslim, Sikh unified in his army.
- Chittaranjan Das died in 1925.
- An injured Binay died after a few days.
- Binay-Badal-Dinesh attaced Writer’s Buildings on 8th December.
- Ramprasad Bismil was the follower of Bhagat Singh.
- Under the leadership of Surya Sen Chittagong armoury was looted.
- Government of India Act was passed in 1919.
Answer in a sentence :
Question 1.
From 1919 who was the main leader of anti-British movements?
Answer:
From 1919 Gandhi was the main leader of anti-British movements.
Question 2.
From which movement the gandhian idea of Satyagraha was created?
Answer:
From the movement against racism in South Africa the gandhian idea of Satyagraha was created.
Question 3.
Who were involved in the First World War?
Answer:
Many countries of Asia and Europe were directly or indirectly involved in the First World war..
Question 4.
When and by whom was Government of India Act passed?
Answer:
In 1919 Government of India Act was passed by Montague and Lord Chelmsford.
Question 5.
Why was the Government of India Act failed to satisfy Indians?
Answer:
The Indian claimed autonomy but it was disregarded.
Question 6.
What, according to Gandhi, is the chief aim of human life?
Answer:
According to Gandhi, searching for truth is the chief aim of human life.
Question 7.
Why mass acceptance of Gandhi was reduced?
Answer:
Gandhi’s use of Hindu religious synbols reduced his mass acceptance.
Question 8.
When Gandhi ruturned India from South Africa?
Answer:
Gandhi returnsr India from South Africa in 1915.
Question 9.
What was related with Gandhi’s Satyagraha?
Answer:
Gandhi’s Satyagraha and non-violence are related to one another.
Question 10.
What did Gandhi believe about the success of non-violent Satyagraha?
Answer:
Gandhi believed that mass participation would ensure the success of non-violent Satyagraha.
Question 11.
When did the incident of Jalianwala Bagh happened?
Answer:
The incident of Jalianwala Bagh happened on 13th April, 1919.
Question 12.
How did Rabindranath protest against Jalianwala Bag incident?
Answer:
Rabindranath gave up his knighthood in protest of Jalianwala Bag incident.
Question 13.
When did Gandhi start nonviolent Mon-Cooperation movement?
Answer:
Gandhi start nonviolent Mon-Cooperation movement in 1921.
Question 14.
When did Gandhi withdraw nonviolent Mon-Cooperation movement?
Answer:
After the Chauri Chaura incident Gandhi withdrew nonviolent Mon-Cooperation movement.
Question 15.
When sultan of Turkey was removed from power?
Answer:
Sultan of Turkey was removed from power in 1918.
Question 16.
When Khilafat cmmittee came into being?
Answer:
March, 1919 Khilafat cmmittee came into being .
Question 17.
Who formed Congress-Khilafat-Swarajya Party?
Answer:
Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru formed Congress-Khilafat-Swarajya Party.
Question 18.
What is Khuda-e-khidmatgar?
Answer:
The organisation of Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan was Khuda-e-khidmatgar.
Question 19.
What is Delhi Pact?
Answer:
The agreement signed between Gandhi And Lord Irwin is called Delhi Pact.
Question 20.
Who was the leader of Chittagong armoury loot?
Answer:
Under the leadership of Surya sen Chittagong armoury was looted.
Question 21.
When sultan of Turkey was removed from power?
Answer:
Sultan of Turkey was removed from power in 1918.
Question 22.
Mention the date and year when Surya sen was hanged?
Answer:
On 12th January, 1934 Surya Sen was hanged.
Question 23.
Who founded Naujawan Bharat sabha?
Answer:
Bhagat singh founded Naujawan Bharat sabha.
Question 24.
Who were hanged in 1929 ?
Answer:
Bhagat Singh, Sukdev and Rajguru were hanged in 1929.
Question 25.
Who was the leader of Tamralipta National Government?
Answer:
Satish Chandra samanta was the leader of Tamralipta National Government.
Question 26.
Who became the president of Congress party in Haripura session?
Answer:
Subhas Chandra became the president of Congress party in Haripura session, in 1938.
Question 27.
Who was Muhammed ziauddin?
Answer:
Subhas Chandra was in disguise of Muhammed ziauddin.
Question 28.
Who supported Naval Revolt of 1946 ?
Answer:
Students and common people supported Naval Revolt of 1946.
Answer in brief :
Question 1.
Write a short note on Gandhi’s idea of Swaraj.
Answer:
Gandhi thought a political demand for swaraj is a demand for half of freedom. Because the Britishmay depart, but their thoughts and ideas would remain. Hence, not only was it nessary to end colonial rule, but also to uproot all its influences on society. To this he added the programme of khadi and spinning charka.
Question 2.
What was Jalianwala Bagh incident?
Answer:
On 13th April, 1919, a large number of people gathered in a peaceful protest against Rowlatt bill at Jalianwala Bag in Amritsar. General Dyer the military commander unleashed vicious terror upon these unarmed people.There was only one exist at Jalianwala Bagh. The exist was blocked and the people were mercilessly fired upon. Numerous people died and were injured. Indians rose in vehement protest against the incident.
Question 3.
What happened in Chauri Chaura?
Answer:
Non-cooperation movement was not non-violent everywhere. Extreme violence broke out in Chaurichaura village at Gorakshapur district in Uttar Pradesh. The people of the village had gathered to protest on 4th february, 1922. Chased by the crowd, the policemen ran into the police station. The door to the station was locked from outside and the place set on fire. Gandhi withdrew non-violent, non-cooperation movement after this incident.
Question 4.
What is Khilafat Movement?
Answer:
During First World War, Britain had declared war on Turkey. This provoked a reaction among Indian Muslims. The Sultan of Turkey was the Caliph of the Islamic world. In 1918 the sultan was removed from power. Certain leaders of the Muslim League who were sympathetic to the Sultan, started the Khilafat movement to restore the power and prestige of the Sultan.
Question 5.
Write a note on the Battle of Jalalabad.
Answer:
On 18th April 1930 under the leadership of Surya Sen the Chittagong armoury was looted. After the raid, on 22nd April the revolutionaries took refuge at the Jalalabad lills. There they fought against the British soldiers; 11 of the revolutionaries died. The rest spread out in guerilla manner from Jalalabad to continue the Conflict. Ganesh Ghosh, Ananta Singh, Loknath Bal, Nirmal Sen, Himangshu Sen, Binod Datta etc accompanied Surya Sen.
Question 6.
Write a note on Corridor War of Binay-Badal-Dinesh.
Answer:
Binay Bose, Badal Gupta and Dinesh Gupta attacked Writer’s Building on 8th December, 1930. The three entered a corridor of Writer’s Building and shot dead Inspector General Simpson of the Jail department and couple of others. The revolutionaries exchanged gunfire with the police for a long time. Badol took poison a moment before he was apprehended. Injured Binay died after a few days. After he had recovered from his injuries Dinesh was hanged.
Question 7.
Write a short note on Bhagat Sigh.
Answer:
Bhagat himself founded Naujawan Bharat Sabha. The British government made out the Kakori conspiracy case (1925) related to Kakori railway station dacoity, against Bhagat Singh and his associates. Bhagat Singh murdered the police super of Lahore, Sanders. On 8th April 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutta exploded a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly and courted arrest. Rajguru and Sukhdev and many other revolutionaries were apprehended. The British government started the Lahore Conspiracy Case. In 1929 Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged.
Answer in detail
Question 1.
Write about Netaji Subhas Chandra bose and Azad hind Fauj.
Answer:
Instead of joining the Civil Service Subhas got involved in Bengal politics under the leadership of Chittaranjan. Subhas became the editor of the publicity department of Bengal Congress. He was sentenced to jail for his activities in the Non-co-operation Movement. In jail, Subhas Chandra came across with Chittaranjan’s political ideas. The Swarajya party won the Calcutta Corporation election in 1924. Chittaranjan became the Mayor. Subhas Chandra was appointed as the chief executive. Subhas was jailed repeatedly during this time: Chittaranjan died in 1925. Subhas took upon himself the onus of propagating complete swaraj.
In 1930 Subhas Chandra traveled to Europe for treatment. In 1933 Subhas met Benito Mussolini, the Italian leader. Subhas was enthusiastic about Mussolini’s anti-corruption and social welfare programmes. When the Civil Disobedience movement was withdrawn in 1933, Subhas Chandra Bose severely criticised the Congress policy. A split occured in the Congress in 1930. There was much difference of opinion between the new leadership and the old conservative leaders regarding means of agitation and socio economic ideas.
In 1942 captain Mohan Singhand Rashbehari Bose formed the Azad Hind Fauj in Singapur. At Rashbehari’s request, Subhas went to Japan to take charge of Azad Hind Fauj. In 1943 Subhas Chandra bose founded the Azad Hind Government of Independent India. He was the Prime Minister and Commander-in-chief of the army. Japan’s prime minister Tojo handed Japanoccupied Andaman and Nicobar islands to Azad Hind Fauj. On 19th March, 1944 they hoisted the national flag in India. They occupied Kohima in April. However two regiments of the Azad hind Fauj along with the Japanese Army suffered defeat in the Imphal campaign.
Question 2.
Write a note on Quit India movement.
Answer:
In the Quit India movement of 1942, Mahatma Gandhi’s idaeal of non-violent satyagraha underwent deviations. Gandhi changed the mood of political movement with his cry of ‘Do or die’. To the British rulers Gandhi declared that he himself would take up the responsibility of India, but first the British must go. Various classes of people actively participated in the Quit India movement. On 9th August, 1942, the British government arrested the main leaders of Quit India movement. Even without leadership the movement continued unabated and with spontaneity in various parts of India. Even the Congress leadership had not expected the movement to progress in this way.
The Quit India movement was mainly an urban movement. The police and the public engaged in conflict at various places. Hartals and processions of agitators took place regularly. The students of the cities were in the forefront of this movement. The centre of the movement gradually shifted to the rural areas by the middle of August. A large number of peasants joined the movement. Communication system was made inactive between various regions. In some places the protesters even organised National Governments in Tamralipta, Satara, Talcher.
