Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 9 Life Science Book Solutions Chapter 2.3B Tissue: Animal Tissue and its Distribution offer valuable context and analysis.
WBBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 2.3B Question Answer – Tissue: Animal Tissue and its Distribution
Very Short Questions and Answers : (1 mark for each question)
Question 1.
Which tissue has liquid matrix?
Answer:
Blood has liquid matrix.
Question 2.
Which tissue has rigid calcified matrix?
Answer:
Bone tissue has rigid calcified matrix.
Question 3.
Where does connective tissue originate from?
Answer:
Connective tissue originates from mesoderm.
Question 4.
Where does nervous tissue originate from?
Answer:
Nervous tissue originates from ectoderm.
Question 5.
Which tissue is responsible for absorption of nutrients from intestinal tract?
Answer:
Epithelial tissue of intestinal lining is responsible for absorption of nutrients from intestinal tract.
Question 6.
Activity of which tissue or tissues directly controls the batting skill in the game of cricket?
Answer:
Activity of muscular and nervous tissues controls the batting skill in the game of cricket.
Question 7.
Name a type of cell that is present in bones.
Answer:
Osteocyte is a type of cell that is present in bones.
Question 8.
Which tissue plays the major role in circulation of blood through blood vessels?
Answer:
Muscular tissue, especially the cardiac muscles and muscular layer of blood vessels play major roles in circulation of blood through blood vessels.
Question 9.
Which proteins are responsible for muscular contraction?
Answer:
Contractile proteins, namely actin and myosin are responsible for muscular contraction.
Question 10.
Which is the other name of voluntary muscle?
Answer:
The other name of voluntary muscle is skeletal muscle.
Question 11.
Why voluntary muscles are called striated muscles?
Answer:
Under microscope, alternate dark and light striations are seen across the voluntary muscle fibres. Therefore, these are called striated muscles.
Question 12.
Which type of cells is present on the inner lining of the respiratory tract?
Answer:
Epithelial cells are seen on the inner lining of the respiratory tract.
Question 13.
Which type of muscles never get fatigued?
Answer:
Cardiac muscles never get fatigued.
Question 14.
Which tissue helps us to respond to the changes in the environment?
Answer:
Nervous tissue helps us to respond to the changes in environment.
Question 15.
Which are the receiving projections of neurons?
Answer:
Dendrons are the receiving projections of a neuron.
Question 16.
What are muscle fibres?
Answer:
The fine elongated contractile components of muscular tissues are called muscle fibres.
Question 17.
Which type of muscles are branched?
Answer:
Cardiac muscles are branched.
Question 18.
Which is the short and well-branched projection of a neuron?
Answer:
Dendrons is the short and well-branched projections of a neuron.
Question 19.
Name the longer and less branched projection of a nerve cell.
Answer:
Axon is the longer and less branched projection of a nerve cell.
Question 20.
Name the lipid-rich insulating coating present on the axon.
Answer:
The lipid-rich insulating coating present on the axon is known as myelin sheath.
Question 21.
Name the neuron, which does not have any lipid-rich insulating coating on the axon.
Answer:
A neuron without any lipid-rich insulating coating on the axon, is known as nonmyelinated neuron.
Question 22.
Name the specialised nerve cells having lipidrich insulating coating on the axon.
Answer:
The nerve cells, which have lipid-rich insulating coating on the axon, are called myelinated neuron.
Question 23.
Which is the most flexible connective tissue of our body?
Answer:
Cartilage is the most flexible connective tissue of our body.
Question 24.
Which is the most rigid connective tissue of our body?
Answer:
Bone is the most rigid connective tissue of our body.
Question 25.
Name the fluid connective tissues of human body.
Answer:
Blood and lymph are the two fluid connective tissues of human body.
Question 26.
What type of tissue is tendon?
Answer:
Tendon is a connective tissue.
Question 27.
Which two connective tissues are built for bearing weight of the body?
Answer:
Bones and cartilages are the two connective tissues, built for bearing weight of the body.
Short Questions and Answers : (2 marks for each question)
Question 1.
What is meant by epithelial tissue?
Answer:
The tissue, which typically covers the outer surface of the body as well as the inner and outer lining of internal organs, is known as epithelial tissue. It consists of one or more cell-layers.
Question 2.
What is basement membrane? What does it do
Answer:
- Basement membrane: Basement membrane is a typical acellular layer of epithelial tissue, composed of materials, somewhat similar to matrix of connective tissue.
- Functions: Basement membrane holds the epithelial cells on it. It also helps the epithelium to remain attached to the surface of the connective tissue layer below it.
Question 3.
Mention the types of epithelial tissues.
Answer:
There are 3 major types of epithelial tissues. They are-
- simple epithelial tissue
- pseudostratified epithelial tissue and
- stratified epithelial tissue.
Question 4.
Mention the types of simple epithelial tissues.
Answer:
Simple epithelial tissue are of different types. These are-
- squamous epithelium
- cuboidal epithelium
- columnar epithelium
- glandular enithelinm and
- ciliated epithelium.
Question 5.
Mention the distribution of epithelial tissue.
Answer:
Epithelial tissue is present on the outer surface of the body (skin) and the inner lining of oral cavity, intestine, blood vessels, nasal passage, respiratory tracts, alveoli, renal tubules, urinary bladder, uterus, fallopian tube and different glands.
Question 6.
Give two roles of glandular epithelium.
Answer:
Two roles of glandular epithelium are as follows-
- Glandular epithelium present in the inner lining of gastro-intestinal tract secretes various digestive enzymes.
- In endocrine glands, glandular epithelium secretes hormones.
Question 7.
What is meant by cennective tissue?
Answer:
The tissue of mesodermal origin, composed of less cells and more acellular matrix, connecting different tissues is known as connective tissue.
Question 8.
Schematically represent different types of connective tissues.
Answer:
Schematic representation of different types of connective tissue is given below—
Question 9.
What is meant by muscular tissue?
Answer:
The tissue, which has ability to contract and relax and is associated with the movement, is known as muscular tissue.
Question 10.
Mention one function of tendon and ligament each.
Answer:
Function of tendon is to connect muscles to bones. Function of ligament is to connect a bone to another bone.
Question 11.
How many types of muscular tissues are found in higher animals?
Answer:
In higher animals three types of muscular tissues are found, these are-
- voluntary or skeletal muscles,
- smooth muscles and
- cardiac muscles.
Question 12.
Mention the distribution of muscular tissue.
Answer:
The distribution of muscular tissue is as follows-
- Voluntary muscles are attached to bones.
- Smooth involuntary muscles are present in the vital visceral organs, such as oesophagus, intestine, urinary bladder, stomach etc.
- Cardiac muscles are present in the heart.
Question 13.
Write down the functions of different types of muscles.
Answer:
The functions of different muscles are as follows-
- Skeletal muscles help in movement & locomotion.
- Smooth muscles control the movement of the visceral organs like stomach, intestine, urinary bladder, etc.
- Cardiac muscles are responsible for rhythmic contraction and relaxation of heart.
Question 14.
What is nervous tissue?
Answer:
The tissue, which is responsible for receiving and transmitting impulses and thereby coordinating different parts of the body, is known as nervous tissue.
Question 15.
Which are the cellular components of nerve tissue? Where do you find those components?
Answer:
- Cellular components of nerve tissue: Neuron and neuroglia are the two cellular components of the nerve tissue.
- Distribution of neuron and neuroglia: Neurons are present in brain, spinal cord, sense organs and nerves. Several neurons, surrounded by connective tissue, form a nerve. Neuroglia cells are found in brain and spinal cord as packing material of neurons, providing them with necessary support and insulation.
Question 16.
Write the functions of nerve tissue.
Answer:
The functions of nerve tissue are as follows-
- Nerve tissue receives external and internal stimuli and responds to them.
- It carries impulses and makes the body aware of the changes in environment.
- It helps to maintain coordination among all organs within the body.
Question 17.
Why blood is called fluid connective tissue?
Answer:
Blood is mesodermal in origin, has less cells and more matrix, and it maintains connection among various parts of the body. On the other hand, the matrix of blood, i.e., plasma, is fluid in nature. Therefore, blood is called fluid connective tissue.
Question 18.
Classify different types of animal tissue.
Answer:
Classification of animal tissue is given below-
Question 19.
What are nodes of Ranvier?
Answer:
The continuity of myelin sheath on myelinated axon is interrupted by several constrictions. These are called nodes of Ranvier.
Long Questions and Answers : (5 marks for each question)
Question 1.
Describe the structure of epithelial tissue. Mention its main functions.
Answer:
Structure of epithelial tissue
The structure of epithelial tissue is as follows-
- The cells are present on a basement membrane made up of collagenous materials.
- Cells are densely packed and are joined together by mucoproteins (special type of glycoprotein).
- Cells of this tissue are either arranged in a single layer or in multi-layers.
- Cells do not get direct blood supply. They receive oxygen and nutrients from underlying tissues.
Functions of epithelial tissue
The functions of epithelial tissue are as follows —
- Epithelial tissue provides protection to animal body and its various organs.
- Epithelial tissue like squamous epithelium, takes part in gaseous exchange.
- Columnar epithelial cells help in absorption and secretion.
- Certain cuboidal and glandular epithelial cells secrete enzymes and hormones.
Question 2.
Mention the distribution of connective tissue. Briefly mention the structure of connective tissues.
Answer:
Distribution of connective tissue
The distribution of connective tissue is as follows-
- Areolar tissue is present below skin, between muscles, outer coatings of nerves and walls of blood vessels.
- Fibrous tissues are present in tendons, ligaments, walls of artery, trachea and larynx.
- Adipose tissue is found below skin, mammary glands, surrounding vital organs like heart, kidney etc.
- Bones and cartilages are found in the skeletal parts.
- Blood and lymph are present in the circulatory system.
Structure of connective tissue
The structure of connective tissue is as follows-
- Connective tissue originates from the mesoderm layer of the embryo.
- It possesses fewer cells, which remain loosely placed in the intercellular matrix.
- Cells of connective tissue are of various types with different size, shape, intra and intercellular components and functions.
- Some fibrous materials like collagen, elastin etc. may be present in the matrix.
- The matrix may be soft, jelly-like (areolar and adipose tissue), liquid (blood, lymph), rigid (bone), elastic (cartilage).
Question 3.
Briefly describe the structure of muscular tissue. Distinguish between muscular tissue and nervous tissue.
Answer:
Structure of muscular tissue
The structure of muscular tissue is mentioned below.
- Muscle cells are commonly called muscle fibres. These are thin, elongated, cylindrical or spindle shaped.
- Bundles of muscle fibres, surrounded by connective tissue, constitute a muscle.
- Muscle fibres may be uninucleated, multinucleated, unbranched or branched.
- The cytoplasm of muscle cell is called sarcoplasm, which remains surrounded by sarcolemma. Within sarcoplasm, several longitudinal contractile proteins are present, which help in the contraction and relaxation of muscles.
Differences between muscular tissue and nervous tissue:
| Features | Muscular tissue | Nervous tissue |
| 1. Origin | Mesoderm | Ectoderm |
| 2. Distribution | With skeleton, visceral organs and heart | Brain, spinal cord and nerves all over body |
| 3. Cell membrane | Sarcolemma | Axolemma |
| 4. Number of nucleus | One or more | One |
| 5. Processes | Absent | Present viz. axon and dendron |
| 6. Function | Helps in movement and locomotion of organs and limbs | Transmission of nerve impulse |
Question 4.
Describe the structure of a neuron.
Answer:
Structure of a neuron
Nerve cell or neuron has a typical structure as mentioned below.
- Neuron has two parts, the cell body or neurocyton and some processes.
- Neurocyton or cell body is covered by a typical cell membrane surrounding the protoplasm.
- Protoplasm has a distinct nucleus and cytoplasm with various cell organelles.
- Apart from mitochondria, Golgi body, ER etc., cytoplasm of a neuron has some nucleoprotein granules, known as nissl granules.
- Processes of a neuron are axon and dendron.
- Axon is the longer part with fewer branching. Few axons have an extra thick insulating cover on it, called myelin sheath.
- Myelin sheath is interrupted by several constrictions. These are called nodes of Ranvier.
- A special type of cell called Schwann cell, is also found along the length of the axon.
- The axon ends with few branches, commonly called as end brush.
- The dendron is shorter and well-branched. These branches are known as dendrites.
Question 5.
Mention the functions of different types of connective tissues. Distinguish between epithelial tissue and connective tissue.
Answer:
Functions of connective tissue
The functions of connective tissue are are follows-
- Areolar tissue acts as packing material between the organs.
- Adipose tissue stores fat for future use, keeps the body warm and acts as a cushion to protect the body against mechanical injury.
- Bones and cartilages form the skeleton, give mechanical support to the body of the vertebrates.
- Fibrous tissue provides elasticity and mechanical support.
- Blood and lymph act as transporting fluid, carrying nutrients, hormones, respiratory gases etc. and distributing them in all parts of the body.
Differences between epithelial and connective tissue
| Features | Epithelial | Connective tissue | |
| 1. Origin | Ectoderm, mesoderm or endoderm | Mesoderm | |
| 2. Cellular arrangement | Densely packed and arranged in a layer | Scattered in a matrix | |
| 3 Quantity of intercellular matrix | Very little or completely absent! | Much more than the cellular components | |
| 4. Holding material | Basement membrane | Matrix | |
| 5. Function | Preparing a protective lining on external and internal organs | Connecting different parts, providing mechanical support and circulation | |
Question 6.
Compare the features of voluntary, involuntary and cardiac muscle.
Answer:
Comparison among voluntary, involuntary and cardiac muscle:
| Features | Voluntary muscle | Involuntary muscle | Cardiac muscle |
| 1. Striations | Present | Absent | Present |
| 2. Number of nucleus | More than one | One | One |
| 3. Arrangement of myofibrils | Longitudinal | Longitudinal | Longitudinal and transverse |
| 4. Occurrence | With skeletal parts | Visceral organs | 1 Heart |
| 5. Branching | Unbranched | Unbranched | Branched |
| 6. Nature of contraction | Voluntary | Involuntary | Involuntary |
| 7. Working ability | Gets fatigued quickly | Gets fatigued slowly | Does not get fatigued |
Question 7.
Distinguish between (i) Axon and dendron, (ii) Sarcolemma and neurlerama.
Differences between axon and dendron
Answer:
| Features | Axon | Dendron |
| 1. Comparative size | longer | Shorter |
| 2. Branching | Less branched | Well branched |
| 3. Myelin sheath | Present | Absent |
| 4. Nodes of Ranvier | Present | Absent |
| 5. Processes | Present | Absent |
| 6. Function | Sending nerve impulse | Receiving nerve impulse |
Differences between sarcolemma and neurolemms
| Features | Sarcolemma | Neurolemms |
| 1. Associated structures | Muscle fibres | Axon of neuron |
| 2. Structural features | Plasma membrane of muscle cells | Outermost covering of axons |
| 3. Function | Transmits nerve impulse to nerve cells from muscle cells | Serves a protective function for nerve cells |