Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 9 Life Science Book Solutions Chapter 1.3B Five Kingdoms of Life offer valuable context and analysis.
WBBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 1.3B Question Answer – Five Kingdoms of Life
Very Short Questions and Answers : (1 mark for each question)
Question 1.
Which type of cells are found among the members of kingdom Monera?
Answer:
Members of kingdom Monera have prokaryotic cells.
Question 2.
The cell wall of the members of kingdom Monera is made up of what?
Answer:
Cell wall of the members of kingdom Monera is made up of polysaccharides and amino acids.
Question 3.
Mention the nature of cells, found among the members of kingdom Protista.
Answer:
Members of kingdom Protista have eukaryotic cells.
Question 4.
Which cell wall component is found among the members of kingdom Fungi?
Answer:
Chitin is the cell wall component found amongst the members of kingdom Fungi.
Question 5.
Which major cell wall component is found among the members of kingdom Plantae?
Answer:
Cellulose is the major cell wall component, found amongst the members of kingdom Plantae.
Question 6.
Which type of nutrition is performed by the members of kingdom Plantae?
Answer:
Members of kingdom Plantae perform autotrophic mode of nutrition.
Question 7.
Which type of nutrition is performed by the members of kingdom Fungi?
Answer:
Saprophytic or parasitic nutrition is commonly performed by the members of kingdom Fungi.
Question 8.
Which type of nutrition is performed by the members of kingdom Animalia?
Answer:
Members of kingdom Animalia perform heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
Question 9.
Which members of living world perform the role of producers in any ecosystem?
Answer:
Members of kingdom Plantae perform the role of producers in any ecosystem.
Question 10.
Which members of living world perform the role of consumers in any ecosystem?
Answer:
Members of kingdom Animalia perform the role of consumers in any ecosystem.
Question 11.
Which members of living world perform the role of decomposers in any ecosystem?
Answer:
Members of kingdom Fungi perform the role of decomposers in any ecosystem.
Question 12.
Which members of kingdom Protista typically possess two flagella?
Answer:
Among the members of kingdom Protista, dinoflagellates typically possess two flagella.
Question 13.
Members of which kingdom perform the role of producers, consumers as well as decomposers in any ecosystem?
Answer:
Members of kingdom Protista perform the role of producers, consumers as well as decomposers in any ecosystem.
Question 14.
Members of which kingdom/kingdoms cause maximum number of human diseases?
Answer:
Members of kingdom Monera, Protista and Fungi cause maximum number of human diseases.
Short Questions and Answers : (2 marks for each question)
Question 1.
Name the five kingdoms of the living world, as proposed by Whittaker.
Answer:
The five kingdoms of the living world, as proposed by Whittaker are – Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
Question 2.
What is meant by Monera?
Answer:
The word Monera has been derived from a Greek word ‘monos’, which means ‘single’. Monera is a kingdom of the living world, which is comprised of unicellular, microscopic and very primitive type of prokaryotic organisms. Example-Bacteria, blue-green algae etc. belong to this group.
Question 3.
What is meant by Protista?
Answer:
The word Protista has been derived from a Greek word ‘protistos’, which means ‘first of all.’ Protista is a kingdom of the living world, which is comprised of unicellular, eukaryotic, microscopic organisms. Example-Amoeba proteus, Euglena viridis etc.
Question 4.
What is meant by Fungi?
Answer:
The word Fungi has been derived from a Latin word ‘fungour’, which means ‘growing fast’. Fungi is a kingdom of the living world, which comprises eukaryotic, non-chlorophyllous, spore-bearing organisms, having cells with chitin-rich cell wall and performing both sexual and asexual reproduction. Example – Mucor mucedo, Aspergillus niger.
Question 5.
What is meant by eukaryotic cells?
Answer:
The cells, which possess well-organised nucleus and membrane-bound cell organelles, are known as eukaryotic cells. Example-The cells of all higher plant and animal cells.
Question 6.
What is meant by prokaryotic cells?
Answer:
The cells, which do not possess true nucleus and membrane-bound cell organelles, are called prokaryotic cells. Example-Bacteria, Mycoplasma, blue-green algae etc.
Question 7.
Mention two disadvantages of five kingdom classification.
Answer:
Two disadvantages of five kingdom classification are as follows-
- Different members Algae have been placed under three different kingdoms-blue-green algae under Monera, Euglena under Protista and brown algae under Plantae, which is ambiguous.
- Virus has not been included under any of the five kingdoms.
Question 8.
Which type of organisms are placed under kingdom Plantae?
Answer:
According to five kingdom classification of the living world, all chlorophyllous, photosynthetic, eukaryotic, multicellular organisms with cellulose containing cell wall, are included under kingdom Plantae.
Long Questions and Answers : (5 marks for each question)
Question 1.
Explain the basis of five kingdom classification.
Answer:
Basis of five kingdom classification
The characteristic features, based on which Whittaker proposed his five kingdom classification, are discussed below.
1. Complexity of cellular structure: On the basis of this feature, the living world is divided into two main divisions-
- Prokaryotes: Primitive forms without true nucleus.
- Eukaryotes: More complex forms along with true nucleus and membrane-bound cell organelles.
2. Complexity of body structure: Based on the number of cells present in a living body, organisms are classified into two groups-
- Unicellular: Body is made up of single cell.
- Multicellular: Body is made up of many cells. In case of multicellular forms, the nature of tissue and tissue systems are also taken into consideration.
3. Mode of nutrition: Living forms are classified into two main types, on the basis of their modes of nutrition. These are-
- Autotrophs: They are photosynthetic forms capable of preparing their own food.
- Heterotrophs: These are organisms which depend directly or indirectly on autotrophs for food.
4. Role in ecosystem: Based on their roles in ecosystem, living forms are classified into three types-
- Producers: They synthesise their own food within their body. Mainly photosynthetic green plants belong to this group.
- Consumers: They depend directly or indirectly on producers for food. These include all animals.
- Decomposers: They take part in biodegradation of organic matters. Various bacteria and fungi belong to this group.
5. Phylogenetic relation: Besides morphological, anatomical, biochemical and genetic features, the evolutionary trend of different groups are equally emphasized in this type of classification.
Question 2.
Compare the features of the five different kingdoms.
Answer:
Comparative features of the five kingdoms
Question 3.
Mention three identifying features of kingdom Monera. Give two examples of Monera.
Answer:
Identifying features of kingdom Monera
Three identifying features of kingdom Monera are as follows-
1. Ceil and cellular organisation : Members of this kingdom are unicellular, microscopic organisms. Their cells do not contain any membrane-bound organelle and membrane-bound true. nucleus is absent (i.e. prokaryotic). Genetic material is represented by a naked circular DNA. Ribosomes and chromatophores are present. Cell wall is composed of polysaccharides and amino acids.
2. Mode of nutrition: Nutritionally these are heterotrophic (parasitic, saprophytic, symbiotic) or autotrophic. Autotrophs are either photosynthetic or chemosynthetic. Among heterotrophs, saprophytes obtain nutrients from dead and decaying organic matters. Symbionts obtain nutrition by the help of other organisms.
3. Role in ecosystem: Photosynthetic and chemosynthetic forms play the role of producers. Heterotrophs act as consumers and saprophytes act as decomposers.
Two examples of Monera:
Two examples of Monera are Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Escherichia coli.
Question 4.
Mention three identifying features of kingdom Protista. Give two examples of Protista.
Answer:
Identifying features of kingdom Protista:
Three identifying features of kingdom Protista are as follows-
1. Cell and cellular organisation: These are unicellular, microscopic organisms. Cells contain membrane-bound cell organelles and true nucleus (i.e. eukaryotic). Nucleus contains chromosomes, which contain genetic material.
2. Mode of nutrition: These are heterotrophic (parasitic, symbiotic) or autotrophic in nature. Parasites obtain nutrients from the body of the host. Symbionts obtain nutrition by the help of other organisms.
3. Role in ecosystem: Photosynthetic forms (autotrophs) play the role of producers. Heterotrophs act as consumers.
Two examples of Protista
Two examples of Protista are Amoeba proteus and Euglena viridis.
Question 5.
Mention three Identifying features of kingdom Fungi. Give two examples of Fungi.
Answer:
Identifying features of kingdom Fungi
Three identifying features of kingdom Fungi are as follows-
1. Cell and celiular organisation: These are unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms. Cell wall typically contains chitin. Glycogen is the distinctive stored food. Multicellular forms often develop hyphae or mycelium.
2. Mode of nutrition: These are mostly saprophytic. They collect nutrition from dead and decaying organic matters. Some are parasitic, which draw nutrition from living plants and animals. Few symbiotic forms obtain nutrition with the help of their photosynthetic partners.
3. Role in ecosystem: All saprophytic forms act as decomposers. Parasitic forms play the role of consumers.
Two examples of Fungi
Two examples of Fungi are Agaricus bisporus and Penicillium notatum.
Question 6.
Mention three identifying features of kingdom Plantae. Give two examples of Plantae.
Answer:
Identifying features of kingdom Plantae
Three identifying features of kingdom Plantae are as follows-
1. Cell and cellular organisation: These are multicellular, organisms. The cells contain membrane-bound organelles and nucleus is well-organised (i.e. eukaryotic). Cell wall is typically rich in cellulose and other polysaccharides. Plastids and large vacuole present in cells. Tissue and tissue systems develop in the body.
2. Mode of nutrition: All members are autotrophs, which perform nutrition by the process of photosynthesis.
3. Role in ecosystem: All members act as producers of the ecosystem.
Two examples of Plantae
Two examples of Plantae are sunflower (Helianthus annus) and Riccia glauca.
Question 7.
Mention three identifying features of kingdom Animalia. Give two examples of Animalia.
Answer:
Identifying features of kingdom Animalia
Three identifying features of kingdom Animalia are as follows-
1. Cell and cellular organisation: These are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms. Cells have centrioles. Cell wall and plastids are absent. Body with definite shape and size. Body has well organised tissues, tissue systems, organs and organ systems.
2. Mode of nutrition: All members are heterotrophs, which perform holozoic mode of nutrition.
3. Role in ecosystem: All members act as consumers of the ecosystem.
Two examples of Animalia
Two examples of Animalia are starfish (Asterias rubens) and pigeon (Columba livia).
Question 8.
Mention the advantages of five kingdom classification. According to five kingdom classification of the living world, which type of organisms are placed under kingdom Animalia?
Answer:
Advantages of five kingdom classification
The advantages of five kingdom classification are as follows-
- All unicellular prokaryotes are separated from eukaryotic unicellular protists and placed under kingdom Monera. So this classification is justified.
- Isolation of non-photosynthetic fungi from photosynthetic green plants is also justified because the mode of nutrition of fungi is different from that of green plants.
- Separating Protozoa from Animalia, makes the classification system more accurate.
- This classification rightly emphasises on the phylogeny of the living world.
Organisms under kingdom Animalia:
According to five kingdom classification of the living world, all heterotrophic, multicellular organisms, having cells without cell wall and holozoic mode of nutrition, are included under kingdom Animalia. It comprises all the consumers of different ecosystem.