Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 9 History Book Solutions Chapter 7 The League of Nations and The United Nations Organisation offer valuable context and analysis.
WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 7 Question Answer – The League of Nations and The United Nations Organisation
Very Short Answer (VSA) Type Questions :
Question 1.
What were the three principal organs of the League of Nations?
Answer:
The three principal organs of the League of Nations were:
- the Assembly
- the Council and
- the Secretariat.
Question 2.
Who could become members of the General Assembly of the League of Nations?
Answer:
All the states which were the members of the League of Nations were essentially the members of the General Assembly.
Question 3.
How were new members admitted in the League Assembly?
Answer:
Any member could be admitted in the League Assembly by a vote of assent by \(\frac{2}{3}\) of the existing members.
Question 4.
Name the two great powers which were not members of the League in the beginning.
Answer:
The two great powers which were not members of the League in the beginning were USA and Germany.
Question 5.
Who elected the temporary members of the League Council?
Answer:
The temporary members of the League Council were elected by the League Assembly.
Question 6.
Name the countries which were first elected as members of the League Council.
Answer:
The countries which were first elected as members of the League Council were England, France, Italy and Japan.
Question 7.
What were the two autonomous bodies of the League of Nations?
Answer:
The two autonomous bodies of the League of Nations were:
- The Permanent Court of International Justice and
- The International Labour Organisation.
Question 8.
When was the first session of the League convened?
Answer:
The first session of the League was convened in 1920.
Question 9.
Where was the first session of the League of Nations held?
Answer:
The first session of the League of Nations was heid in the city of Geneva, Switzerland
Question 10.
When was the last session of the League of Nations held?
Answer:
The last session of the League of Nations was held on 14th December, 1939.
Question 11.
What is Covenant?
Answer:
The Constitution of the League of Nations is called Covenant.
Question 12.
How was the Secretary General of the League of Nations appointed?
Answer:
The Secretary General of the League of Nations was appointed by the Council though the formal approval of the Assembly was necessary.
Question 13.
When was the Permanent Court of International Justice opened and where?
The Permanent Court of International Justice was opened in 1922 in Hague, the erstwhile capital of Holland.
Question 14.
What was the function of the Permanent Court of International Justice?
Answer:
The function of the Permanent Court of International Justice was to settle international disputes which might be referred to it by the Council of the League and interpreting international treaties and other legal complications.
Question 15.
In which year the Aland Islands issue was settled by the League of Nations?
Answer:
In 1921 the Aland Islands issue was settled by the League of Nations.
Question 16.
Which commission was appointed by the League of Nations to determine the cause of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria?
Answer:
The Lytton Commission was appointed by the League of Nations to determine the cause of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.
Question 17.
Who selected the name United Nations Organisation?
Answer:
The name United Nations Organisation was selected by the American President Franklin Roosevelt.
Question 18.
From where did Franklin Roosevelt select the name United Nations Organisation?
Answer:
Franklin Roosevelt selected the name United Nations Organisation from Lord Byron’s poem ‘The Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage’.
Question 19.
When was the UNO established and where?
Answer:
The UNO was first established on 24 October 1945, in New York, USA.
Question 20.
For how many years and by whom are the members of the Security Council elected?
Answer:
The members of the Security Council are elected for two years by the members of the General Assembly.
Question 21.
How are new members admitted in the UNO?
Answer:
New members are admitted in the UNO on the recommendation of the so.Council and by a vote of assent by 2/3 of the existing members of General Assembly.
Question 22.
How many members are there in the Security Council of the UNO at present?
Answer:
There are 15 members in the Security Council of the UNO at present.
Question 23.
What is the seventh principle enumerated in the UN Charter?
Answer:
The seventh principle enumerated in the UN Charter is that UN would not interfere in matters strictly within the domestic jurisdiction of any state.
Question 24.
How many principles have been mentioned in the UN Charter?
Answer:
Seven principles have been mentioned in the UN Charter.
Question 25.
How many charter members were there in the UNO?
Answer:
There were 51 charter members in the UNO.
Question 26.
Which countries are the five members of the Security Council with the power of Veto?
Answer:
The five members of the Security Council who have the power of Veto are USA, USSR, England, France and China.
Question 27.
What is the judicial organ of the United Nations?
Answer:
The judicial organ of the United Nations is the International Court of Justice.
Question 28.
How many judges are there in the International Court of Justice?
Answer:
There are 15 judges in the International Court of Justice.
Question 29.
How are the judges of the International Court of Justice elected?
Answer:
The judges of the International Court of Justice are elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council.
Question 30.
Name two organisations under the Economic and Social Council.
Answer:
The two organisations under the Economic and Social Council are UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation) and FAO (Food and Agricultural Organisation).
Question 31.
What does UNICEF stand for?
Answer:
UNICEF stands for United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund.
Question 32.
Where is the headquarters of WHO?
Answer:
The headquarters of WHO is in Geneva.
Question 33.
What does WHO stand for?
Answer:
WHO stands for World Health Organisation.
Question 34.
What does UNESCO stand for?
Answer:
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
Question 35.
What is the composition of the Trusteeship Council?
Answer:
The Trusteeship Council is composed of the representatives of permanent members of Security Council, representatives of all those states which hold the administration of colonies and some representatives elected by the General Assembly.
Question 36.
How is the head of the Secretariat of UNO appointed?
Answer:
The head of the Secretariat, the Secretary General, is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.
Question 37.
Who is the present secretary general of UNO?
Answer:
The present secretary general of UNO is Antonio Guterres.
Question 38.
When and where was the United Nations Declaration signed?
Answer:
On 1 January, 1942 the United Nations Declaration was signed in Washington.
Question 39.
Where is the headquarter of Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)?
Answer:
The headquarter of Food and Agriculture Organisation is located in Rome
Short Questions and Answers : (2 marks for each question)
Question 1.
How was the League of Nations founded?
Answer:
The terrible repercussion of the First World War (1914-18) made a strong impact on the minds of the people and made them cry out for peace. President Woodrow Wilson of the United States of America took the initiative and made a plan to establish a world peace organisation known as the League of Nations which would solve disputes peacefully. The League of Nations was thus not only an expression of the call to peace, it was also a means of promoting the call to peace.
Question 2.
With what aim was the League of Nations founded?
Answer:
After the First World War (1914-18) an international peace organisation known as the League of Nations was established in 1920 with the following aims in view:
- To prevent armed conflict and to promote international peace and cooperation,
- To establish honourable relations among different nations,
- To promote international disarmament in order to reduce tension and
- To find out ways and means for peaceful settlement of international disputes.
Question 3.
Describe the structure of the League of Nations.
Answer:
The League of Nations had four main organs, the first of which was the Assembly consisting of representatives of every member state, meeting once a year at Geneva. The second organ was the Council i.e, the executive committee composed of one representative from each of the five permanent states (Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Japan) and temporarily of nine other member states, chosen by the Assembly.
The third was the permanent Secretariat, located at Geneva the main function of which was to prepare reports for the consideration of the Assembly and the Council. The fourth organ was the Permanent Court of International Justice which was a court of arbitration for the settlement of international disputes with its office at Hague.The League of Nations formally came into existence on the same day that the Treaty of Versailles came into operation (10 January, 1920).
Question 4.
Write a note on the Covenant of the League of Nations.
Answer:
The Constitution of the League of Nations called the Covenant consisted of 26 articles among which the tenth, twelfth and sixteenth articles were of great significance.
- Under the tenth article of the Covenant, the members of the League of Nations promised to respect the political independence and territorial integrity of the member countries of the League.
- According to the twelfth article the members unanimously decided to solve their problems through mutual negotiations.
- The sixteenth article made it clear that if any member country of the League of Nations declared war and violated settlements, that country would be declared the enemy of all nations and her aggression would be faced with all might.
Question 5.
Give an account of the General Assembly of the League of Nations.
Answer:
The League of Nations functioned through a number of organs, the most important of which was the Assembly. All the states which were the members of the League were essentially the members of the Assembly. Every member state could send three representatives, although no state had more than one vote. The function of the Assembly of the League was:
- To establish world peace,
- To resolve international disputes,
- To extend international security and
- To work for safeguarding the interests of the minorities
Question 6.
Who were the members of the League Council?
Answer:
The members of the League Council were divided into two divisions:
- Permanent members and
- Temporary members. There were five permanent members of the Council
As United States did not accept the membership of the League of Nations, the number of permanent members remained only four. The number of temporary members were four. Later on the number of permanent members were increased to six and temporary members to nine. Germany and Russia became the new permanent members.
Question 7.
Give an account of the Council of the League of Nations.
Answer:
The League Council comprised nine members of which five were permanent and four temporary members. The five permanent members were Great Britain, USA, France, Italy and Japan. As USA did not accept the membership of the League, the number of permanent members remained only four. Later on the number of permanent members were increased to six. Germany and Russia became the new permanent members. The function of the League Council were:
- To discuss about various international disputes and to resolve them,
- To make efforts to stop war and to reduce armament,
- Summoning of international conferences to resolve disputes.
Question 8.
Who are the permanent members of the League Council?
Answer:
The Council of the League consisted of four permanent members. Later the number of members were increased to six. England, France, Italy and Japan were permanent members. Later on Russia and Germany were admitted as permanent members.
Question 9.
What were the main functions of the League Council?
Answer:
The main functions, of the League Council were:
- To discuss about various international disputes and to resolve them,
- To make efforts to stop war and to reduce armaments,
- Summoning of international conferences to resolve disputes.
Question 10.
What was the function of the Secretariat of the League of Nations?
Answer:
The function of the Secretariat of the League of Nations were:
- To list the subjects to be considered in the Assembly,
- To preserve the documents and necessary papers regarding the minutes of the meetings, settlements and treaties concluded among the member states,
- To offer necessary suggestions for effecting modifications in the treaties.
Question 11.
Mention any two causes of the failure of the League of Nations.
Answer:
Two causes for the failure of the League of Nations were:
The League was never able to make itself truly ‘representative of the entire world’. Countries like USA, Germany, Russia, Italy and Japan were not members of the League at different stages and no international organisation can be really successful if some of the great powers remain outside of it.
The League had no army, navy or air force of its own nor was it in a position to apply economic sanction on the Great Powers which looked after their own interests instead of fulfilling their obligations to the League.
Question 12.
Who is known as the ‘Father of the League of Nations? Who was the first secretary general of the league?
Answer:
The US President Woodrow Wilson is known as the ‘Father of the League of Nations’.
The first secretary general of the League of Nations was Eric Drummond.
Question 13.
Mention two features of the League of Nations.
Answer:
Two features of the League of Nations were:
- to settle international disputes by peaceful means,
- to settle all international legal disputes among the members of the league.
Question 14.
How did the United Nations Organisation come into being?
Answer:
The League of Nations collapsed under the impact of the Second World War and the allied powers felt the need of a world peace organisation. Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of Britain and Franklin Roosevelt, President of the USA announced the Atlantic Charter where the term ‘United Nations’ was first adopted. In the Moscow Conference (1943) Britain, USA, Russia and China were unanimous that an international peace organisation should be set up.
This resolution was confirmed in the Dumberton Oaks Conference (1944) and Yalta Conference (1945). Representatives of 50 nations met at San Francisco (1945) and prepared a Charter for world peace called UN Charter. On 24 October, 1945 the United Nations Organisation (UNO) came into existence.
Question 15.
What are the principal aims (objectives) of the UNO?
Answer:
The principal aims (objectives) of the UNO established after the Second World War are:
- To maintain world peace, prevent armed conflict among nations, promote peaceful settlement of international disputes and to remove international tension.
- To promote education, culture and health of mankind and to promote economic condition of the poor and underdeveloped nations.
Question 16.
What is the UN Charter?
Answer:
Between April and June 1945 representatives of 50 nations who were directly or indirectly involved in the war against the Axis Powers (Germany, italy and Japan) met at a conference at San Francisco. The Big Four (Britain, France, USA, Russia) dominated the conference and prepared a charter for world peace called the UN Charter.
Question 17.
What are the basic principles of UNO?
Answer:
The basic principles of UNO are:
- All the members, big or small, in order to enjoy the rights and benefits would sincerely carry out their duties as per the UNO Charter.
- All members shall settle international disputes by peaceful means
- UNO would not interfere in the internal affairs of any country.
- All members would enjoy the same sovereign status.
- All members pledge to help.
- All members would safeguard world peace.
Question 18.
Write a note on membership of the UNO.
Answer:
- The membership of the UNO is open to all peace loving nations of the world which accept the obligation of the UNO and are willing to carry out these obligations.
- 51 states who signed the UN Charter are the original members of the UN.
- Any member could be admitted in the UN on the recommendation of the Security Council and by a vote of assent by \(\frac{2}{3}\) of the existing members of General Assembly.
- America, England, France, Russia and China are the permanent members of the UN Security Council.
- If member countries persistently violate the principles of the Charter they may be expelled by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.
Question 19.
What is the function of the International Court of Justice?
Answer:
The function of the International Court of Justice is to solve the legal disputes that arise between different countries e.g. interpretation of treaties, application of principles of international law to a particular dispute or situation and settles issues of commensurate compensation for breach of international law etc. It also gives legal advice to the Security Council and the General Assembly.
Question 20.
What is FAO and WHO?
Answer:
FAO and WHO are two specialised agencies of the Economic and Social Council. FAO is Food and Agricultural Organisation and WHO is World Health Organisation.
Question 21.
What are the six main organs of the UNO?
Answer:
The six main organs of the United Nations organisation are:
- The General Assembly,
- The Security Council,
- The Economic and Social Council,
- The Trusteeship Council,
- The International Court of Justice and
- The Secretariat.
Question 22
Why is 24 October celebrated as the United Nations Day?
Answer:
Between April and June of 1945, representatives of 50 nations who were directly or indirectly involved in the war against the Axis Powers met at a conference led by Britain, France, USA and Russia at San Francisco and prepared a charter for world peace called the UN Charter. The Charter became officially effective from 24 October. So this day is celebrated as the United Nations Day.
Question 23.
What is ‘Veto’?
Answer:
The foremost responsibility of the Security Council is the maintenance of international peace and security. All the five permanent mem bers of the Security Council (USA, USSR, UK, France and China) must agree on all important issues. A negative vote by any one permanent mermber is called a ‘Veto’. If the Veto is exercised, then the proposal or resolution is cons,idered not passed. So on this issue the Sec urity Council cannot take any action.
Question 24.
What are the different specialised agencies of the Economic and Social Council?
Answer:
The different specialised agencies of the F.conomic and Social Council are:
- ILO International Labour Organisation),
- UNESCO (United Nations Educational ‘icientific and Cultural Organisation),
- WHO (World Health Organisation),
- FAO (Food and Agricultural Organisation),
- IMF (International Monetary Fund)
Question 25.
What is the composition of the General Assembly?
Answer:
The General Assembly of the UNO consists of all member states of the United Nations Organisation. Each member state can send five representatives to the session of the General Assembly. The total strength of the UN General Assembly is now 193.
Question 26.
What is the composition of the Security Council of the United Nations Organisation?
Or
Write a note on the membership of the Security Council.
Answer:
The most important organ of the UNO is the Security Council. There are two types of members in the Council-permanent and non-permanent. Five permanent members are the USA, USSR, UK, France and China. The ten nonpermanent members are elected by the General Assembly for a term of two years.
Question 27.
Name the permanent members of the Security Council of the UNO.
Answer:
The permanent members of the Security Council of the UNO are:
- America
- England
- France
- Soviet Russia
- China.
Question 28.
What are the functions of UNESCO?
Answer:
The UNESCO deals with the issues of economic and social welfare and works for preservation of human rights across the globe. This body fights against illiteracy and devotes itself to protection of health, spread of education, improvement of the standard of living of the people. The task before UNESCO includes education, social science, natural science, mass communication, cultural activities and relief services.
Question 29.
What are the functions of WHO?
Answer:
WHO (World Health Organisation)
organises campaign throughout the world against diseases such as pox, plague, small pox, cholera and others. It undertakes medical research to find out the causes of diseases, improve vaccines and train medical research and aid workers.
Question 30.
What are the functions of UNICEF?
Answer:
The function of the UNICEF is to help the member countries improve the health condition of their children and to save the lives of sick or starving children in the world who suffer from malnutrition, hunger and different kinds of diseases. It also looks after social welfare and vocational training of children. It also helps in the production of inexpensive books for children.
Question 31.
What are the functions of the Security Council of the UNO?
Answer:
The functions of the Security Council of the UNO are:
- To maintain international peace and security
- To investigate all disputes and recommends ways and means for peaceful settlement
- To take action against a defaulting state and ask its members to send military forces in order to control a dangerous situation.
Question 32.
What are the functions of the Economic and Social Council?
Answer:
The functions of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), a non-political organ of the UNO are:
- To promote economic and social advancement of all people
- Planning of economic development, financial and technical assistance to underdeveloped countries, industrialisation of backward countries, improvement of education and aid to the world’s needy children
- To appoint special committees from time to time to study specific problems
Question 33
Write a short note on inter national Labour Organisation (ILO).
Answer:
The headquarters of the Inter national Labour Organisation was establistied at Geneva. All the member-states were also members of the International Labour Organisation. The main aim behirid ‘its establishment was to improve the condition of the labourers in different countries.
Question 34.
Write a note on the function of the Trusteeship Council.
Answer:
After World War II, some under developed countries were placed under the supervision of the Trusteeship Council. The primary task of the Council is to look after economic, social, political and cultural development of these countries. An indirect function of the Trusteeship Council is to eliminate the possibility of rivalry among powerful nations of the world for exploitation of underdeveloped nations.
Question 35.
What is the function of the head of the: Secretariat?
Answer:
The head of the Secretariat, the Secretan, General, prepares an annual progress report 0 : the UNO and places it before the General Assembly. He has the right to draw attention of the Security Council to any matter which in his opinion, may threaten international security.
Question 36.
When was the Yalta Conference held? Name the countries which took part in the Yalta Conference.
Answer:
The Yalta Conference was held in 1945 :
The countries which took part in the Yalta Conference were USA, Britain and Russia.
Question 37.
When and where was the Atlantic Charter signed?
Answer:
The Atlantic Charter was signed on 11 August 1941. Winston Churchill, the Prime.Minister of Britain, and Franklin Roosevelt, President of USA met together on a warship called the ‘Prince of Wales’ in the Atlantic Ocean near New found and and signed the Atlantic Charter.
Question 38.
What is the importance of the Atlantic Charter?
Answer:
The Atlantic Charter is important because it contained the aims and fundamental principles for the reconstruction of the postSecond World War. An indication to set up a world organisation for the preservation of peace in the world was given in this Charter. In this Charter the term ‘United Nations’ was first adopted.
Question 39.
Mention two limitations of the UNO.
Answer:
The first limitation of the UNO is that the right of absolute veto has been given to each of the ‘Big Five’ (USA, UK, France, China and Russia). The Big Powers have always on several occasions misused this right in their self interest.
UNO has not achieved success in gaining the cooperation of all the ‘Big Five’ at a time on the question of the enforcement of the decision of he Security Council with the help of an international army.
Question 40.
Give an account of the success and failure of the League of Nations.
Answer:
The League of Nations utterly failed in its fundamental aim to prevent war and to maintain peace and order in the world on a permanent basis. The world had to witness again the Second World War in 1939 which proved the failure of the League.
On the other hand, if we evaluate the work of the League of Nations we find that the League tried its best to solve political disputes and the controversies which arose among different countries. In addition to this, the League acted also in the social and humanitarian fields for the benefit of mankind.