Well structured WBBSE 9 History MCQ Questions Chapter 1 Some Aspects of the French Revolution can serve as a valuable review tool before exams.
Some Aspects of the French Revolution Class 9 WBBSE MCQ Questions
Multiple Choice Questions :
Question 1.
The burden of the financial activities of the state during the ‘ancien regime’ was borne by-
(A) the king alone
(B) nobles only
(C) third estate alone
(D) church alone
Answer:
(C) third estate alone
Question 2.
France was defeated in the War of-
(A) American Independence
(B) Austrian succession
(C) World War I
(D) World War II
Answer:
(B) Austrian succession
Question 3.
In 1774, Louis XVI of the Bourbon family ascended the throne of-
(A) Germany
(B) Italy
(C) France
(D) Britain
Answer:
(C) France
Question 4.
The session of the States-General was summoned in 1789 in-
(A) Berlin
(B) New York
(C) London
(D) Versailles
Answer:
(D) Versailles
Question 5.
Which of the following refers to the political body representing the three estates of pre-revolutionary France?
(A) Reichstag
(B) Provincial Assembly
(C) States-General
(D) National Assembly
Answer:
(C) States-General
Question 6.
The States-General was summoned by-
(A) Louis XVIII
(B) Louis XV
(C) Louis XVI
(D) Louis XIV
Answer:
(C) Louis XVI
Question 7.
The States-General was the representative assembly in-
(A) Germany
(B) Italy
(C) Spain
(D) France
Answer:
(D) France
Question 8.
Louis XVI ascended the throne of France in-
(A) 1774
(B) 1773
(C) 1775
(D) 1875
Answer:
(A) 1774
Question 9.
The dynasty which ruled in France when the French Revolution broke out was-
(A) Stuart
(B) Tudor
(C) Bourbon
(D) Yamato
Answer:
(C) Bourbon
Question 10.
The States-General consisted of the representatives of-
(A) First Estate
(B) Second Estate
(C) Third Estate
(D) Three Estates
Answer:
(D) Three Estates
Question 11.
The States-General was summoned by king Louis XVI on-
(A) 5 May, 1789
(B) 6 May, 1788
(C) 5 May, 1788
(D) 12 April, 1789
Answer:
(A) 5 May, 1789
Question 12.
The tax on religion imposed by the church was-
(A) Vingtiemes
(B) Corvee
(C) Taille
(D) Tithe
Answer:
(D) Tithe
Question 13.
Tithe, a tax on religion, was imposed on the members of-
(A) Third Estate
(B) First Estate
(C) All estates
(D) Second Estate
Answer:
(A) Third Estate
Question 14.
The free labour rendered by the French peasants for the renovation of roads and buildings was known as-
(A) Gabella
(B) Vingtiemes
(C) Corvee
(D) Tithe
Answer:
(C) Corvee
Question 15.
Turgot, the Finance Minister, was appointed by-
(A) Louis XIV
(B) Louis XVI
(C) Louis XV
(D) Louis XVIII
Answer:
(B) Louis XVI
Question 16.
Necker, the Finance Minister of France, was removed from his office by-
(A) Louis XVI
(B) Calonne
(C) Rousseau
(D) Brienne
Answer:
(A) Louis XVI
Question 17.
The French government supported the thirteen colonies of America in their war against-
(A) Spain
(B) Italy
(C) Great Britain
(D) Germany
Answer:
(C) Great Britain
Question 18.
The members of the Assembly of Notables was appointed by the-
(A) Finance Minister
(B) States General
(C) Queen
(D) King
Answer:
(D) King
Question 19.
During the old regime, the king to pass proposals for new taxes had to call a meeting of the-
(A) Finance Minister
(B) States-General
(C) First Estate
(D) Aristocrats
Answer:
(B) States-General
Question 20.
The session of the States-General was never summoned after-
(A) 1614
(B) 1615
(C) 1514
(D) 1715
Answer:
(A) 1614
Question 21.
‘France was a museum of economic errors’ was remarked by-
(A) Vincent Smith
(B) Talleyrand
(C) Rousseau
(D) Adam Smith
Answer:
(D) Adam Smith
Question 22.
Louis XIV ruled during the period-
(a) 1643-1720 AD
(B) 1643 – 1715 AD
(C) 1642-1720 AD
(D) 1640-1716 AD
Answer:
(B) 1643 – 1715 AD
Question 23.
The administrative official under the ancien regime was known as-
(A) Intendant
(B) Jacobins
(C) Girondins
(D) Consul
Answer:
(A) Intendant
Question 24.
The spokesman of the doctrine of Laissezfaire was-
(A) Quesnay
(B) Denis Diderot
(C) Rousseau
(D) Voltaire
Answer:
(A) Quesnay
Question 25.
The author of ‘Persion Letters’ was-
(A) Voltaire
(B) Quesnay
(C) Montesquieu
(D) Rousseau
Answer:
(C) Montesquieu
Question 26.
The doctrine of ‘Separation of Powers’ was advocated by-
(A) Montesquieu
(B) D’ Alembert
(C) Adam Smith
(D) Rousseau
Answer:
(A) Montesquieu
Question 27.
Eighteenth century French society was divided into-
(A) Two estates
(B) Four estates
(C) Castes
(D) Three estates
Answer:
(D) Three estates
Question 28.
Which of the following in the French society constituted the privileged class?
(A) clergy and peasants
(B) clergy and nobility
(C) first and third estates
(D) peasants and nobility
Answer:
(B) clergy and nobility
Question 29.
Society based on freedom, equal laws and opportunities was advocated by-
(A) Nobility and clergy
(B) Middle class
(C) Louis XVI
(D) Philosophers like John Locke and Rousseau
Answer:
(D) Philosophers like John Locke and Rousseau
Question 30.
Who is known as the father of French Revolution?
(A) Rousseau
(B) Louis XVI
(C) Adam Smith
(D) Quesnay
Answer:
(A) Rousseau
Question 31.
Revolt was first started in France by-
(A) Clergy
(B) Aristocrats
(C) Peasants
(D) Bourgeoise
Answer:
(B) Aristocrats
Question 32.
In France the percentage of people belonging to the third estate was-
(A) 99 %
(B) 50 %
(C) 97 %
(D) 80 %
Answer:
(C) 97 %
Question 33.
Which of the following did not belong to the third estate?
(A) peasants
(B) labourers
(C) workers
(D) clergy
Answer:
(D) clergy
Question 34.
The Constitution of 1791 vested the power of making laws in the-
(A) Lok Sabha
(B) Provincial Assembly
(C) General Assembly
(D) National Assembly
Answer:
(D) National Assembly
Question 35.
The New Assembly elected in 1792 by general franchise came to be known as the-
(A) Constituent Assembly
(B) Legislative Assembly
(C) Local Council
(D) National Convention
Answer:
(D) National Convention
Question 36.
One very important reform introduced by the Jacobin regime was the abolition of-
(A) monarchy
(B) Slavery in French colonies
(C) dictatorship
(D) Feudalism
Answer:
(B) Slavery in French colonies
Question 37.
Marie Antoinette, the queen of Louis XVI, was guillotined in-
(A) 1793
(B) 1795
(C) 1796
(D) 1801
Answer:
(A) 1793
Question 38.
Louis XVI was sentenced to death by a court on the charge of-
(A) murder
(B) treason
(C) plundering
(D) wasting money
Answer:
(B) treason
Question 39.
European coalition was formed against France by-
(A) Holland, Prussia, Austria, Britain
(B) Holland, Prussia, Russia, Britain
(C) Holland, Prussia, Austria, America
(D) Holland, Prussia, Austria, Italy
Answer:
(A) Holland, Prussia, Austria, Britain
Question 40.
The ideas of democratic rights and liberty were the most important legacy of the-
(A) Glorious Revolution
(B) Russian Revolution
(C) French Revolution
(D) Industrial Revolution
Answer:
(C) French Revolution
Question 41.
One of the directors of the Directory was-
(A) Abbe Sieyes
(B) Necker
(C) Napoleon
(D) Marat
Answer:
(A) Abbe Sieyes
Question 42.
The First Consul bestowed with administrative powers was-
(A) Mirabeau
(B) Calonne
(C) Napoleon
(D) Quesnay
Answer:
(C) Napoleon
Question 43.
Louis XVI called the States-General which met for the last time in-
(A) 1613
(B) 1614
(C) 1789
(D) 1792
Answer:
(B) 1614
Question 44.
The States-General met on May 5, 1789 after a long lapse of-
(A) 74 years
(B) 172 years
(C) 174 years
(D) 154 years
Answer:
(C) 174 years
Question 45.
The Finance Minister of Louis XVI’s government was-
(A) Danton
(B) Robespierre
(C) Marat
(D) Necker
Answer:
(D) Necker
Question 46.
Revolt against the king of France was first started by-
(A) Nobility
(B) Aristocrats
(C) Clergy
(D) Sans-culottes
Answer:
(B) Aristocrats
Question 47.
Assignats were-
(A) promissory notes
(B) tax on salt
(C) indirect tax
(D) guild
Answer:
(A) promissory notes
Question 48.
The currency which was in use in France was-
(A) Assignat
(B) Livre
(C) note
(D) tithe
Answer:
(A) Assignat
Question 49.
In 1795 the members of National Convention prepared a new constitution known as the-
(A) Council
(B) Directory
(C) Consulate
(D) States-General
Answer:
(B) Directory
Question 50.
The year of September Massacre was-
(A) 1791
(B) 1793
(C) 1789
(D) 1792
Answer:
(D) 1792
Question 51.
A violent mob attacked the Bastille on-
(A) July 15, 1789
(B) July 14, 1789
(C) May 1, 1788
(D) June 1, 1789
Answer:
(B) July 14, 1789
Question 52.
The Constituent Assembly divided the whole country into how many departments?
(A) 83
(B) 84
(C) 38
(D) 86
Answer:
(A) 83
Question 53.
Louis XVI was executed because-
(A) he was against the revolution
(B) he was an autocrat
(C) he was a revolutionary
(D) he joined in a conspiracy against the foreign powers
Answer:
(D) he joined in a conspiracy against the foreign powers
Question 54.
After whose execution Reign of Terror ended in France?
(A) Danton
(B) Louis XVI
(C) Robespierre
(D) Marat
Answer:
(C) Robespierre
Fill in the blanks :
1. The ‘ancien regime’ was based on a ____ (ancient/medieval/modern) social structure.
Answer:
medieval
2. The French monarchs were believers in ____ (Divine Right of Kingship/democracy/ dictatorship).
Answer:
divine right of kingship
3. Those who were supporters of the king were known as ____ (Girondins/royalists/ monarchists).
Answer:
royalists
4. The States-General in France met on 5 May, 1789 after a long lapse of ____ (174 / 179 / 196) years.
Answer:
174
5. The tithe was a tax on ____ (religion/ property/salt).
Answer:
religion
6. The French Revolution broke out in the year ____ (1788/1789/1776).
Answer:
1789
7. The French Revolution broke out during the reign of ____ (Louis XIV/Louis XV/Louis XVI).
Answer:
Louis XVI
8. Louis XVI ascended the throne of France in ____ (1773/1774/1776).
Answer:
1774
9. Louis XVI belonged to the ____ (Orange/ Stuart/Bourbon) dynasty.
Answer:
Bourbon
10. ____ (Louis XIV/Louis XV/Louis XVI), the king of France said, “After me the deluge”.
Answer:
Louis XV
11. ____ (Rousseau/Mostesquieu/Turgo) was the Finance Minister of France.
Answer:
Turgo
12. The king of France ____ ( Louis XIV/Louis XV/Louis XVI) said, “I am the state”.
Answer:
Louis XIV
13. ____ (Taille/Vingtiemes/Aides) was a religious tax collected from the peasants of France.
Answer:
Taille
14. Gabella was a tax imposed on ____ (tobacco/salt/wine).
Answer:
salt
15. ____ (Taille/Gabella/ Vingtiemes) was an income tax of the ancien regime in France.
Answer:
Vingtiemes
16. ‘Ancien regime’ means ____ (old system/ new system/autocratic system).
Answer:
old system
17. ____ The (Italian/German/French) government supported the 13 colonies of America in their war of independence.
Answer:
French
18. The French Revolution began with the revolt of the ____ (peasants/aristocrats/ philosophers).
Answer:
aristocrats
19. The Council of Notables was a body the members of which were nominated by the ____ (king/aristocrats/finance minister).
Answer:
king
20. Aristocratic Revolt was the clash between the ____ (nobles/Parliament/aristocrats) and the royal government.
Answer:
aristocrats
21. Calonne was the finance minister of ____ (Louis XIV/Louis XV/Louis XVI).
Answer:
Louis XVI
22. Encyclopaedia was edited by ____ (Quesnay/Denis Diderot/Roussau).
Answer:
Denis Diderot
23. Laissez-faire means _____ (parliament/ clericalism/free trade).
Answer:
free trade
24. The author of the book ‘Social Contract’ was ____ (Denis Diderot/Montesquieu/ Rousseau).
Answer:
Rousseau
25. The clergy in France belonged to the ____ (third/first/second) estate.
Answer:
first
26. ____ (Second/First/Third) estate was deprived of all rights and privileges.
Answer:
Third
27. The Tennis Court Oath was taken in ____ (1788/1789/1790).
Answer:
1789
28. One of the leaders associated with the task of drafting the constitution of 1791 was ____ (Louis XVI/Talleyrand/Montesquieu).
Answer:
Talleyrand
29. Tipu Sultan was the founder member of the Jacobin club that showed allegiance to the ____ (French/English/Portuguese).
Answer:
French
30. The ____ (Law of Suspects/Law of Tribunal/ Law of Maximum) was enforced to check the soaring prices of goods.
Answer:
Law of Maximum
31. The September Massacre continued from 2 September to 6 September, ____ (1792/ 1793/1794).
Answer:
1792
32. The incident of the execution of ____ (Louis XVI/Marie Antoinette/Robespierre) and his associates which brought an end to the Reign of Terror came to be known as the Thermidorian Reaction.
Answer:
Robespierre
33. France was under Directory rule from ____ (1795-1799/1798-1799/1799-1804).
Answer:
1795-1799
34. The Directory had ____ (three/four/five) Directors.
Answer:
five
35. Among the Directors of France, ____ (Carnot/Pache/Dumoureiz) was the most famous.
Answer:
Carnot
36. The French government was divided into ____ (80/82/83) departments to streamline the administration.
Answer:
83
37. By a military coup ____ (Louis XVI/ Robespierre/Napoleon) seized the administrative power of France in 1799.
Answer:
Napoleon
Mark True or False :
1. Calonne was the finance minister of France appointed by Louis XV.
Answer: False
2. The entire burden of taxation fell on the First Estate in France.
Answer: False
3. Louis XVI ascended the throne of France in 1774 .
Answer: True
4. In 1789 the French Revolution broke out.
Answer: True
5. Marie Antoinette was the Queen of Louis XVI.
Answer: True
6. Clergy means the monarch who rules with absolute power.
Answer: False
7. A monarch whose power is limited by the laws provided in the constitution is an absolute monarch.
Answer: False
8. The representative assembly in France was called the States-General.
Answer: True
9. Denis Diderot was a French Encyclopaedist.
Answer: True
10. Quesnay was the spokesman of the doctrine of Laissez-faire.
Answer: True
11. The most outstanding composition of Voltaire was the ‘Persian Letters’.
Answer: False
12. In France the clergy belonged to the third estate.
Answer: False
13. The church paid a voluntary tax to the government if they willed by the Contract of Poissey.
Answer: True
14. The aristocracy and landlord in France formed the Third Estate.
Answer: False
15. Economic historians refute the theory of philosophy playing any considerable part in the outbreak of the French Revolution.
Answer: True
16. The French philosophers did not directly preach for revolution, rather they wanted reform of the old order.
Answer: True
17. The physiocrats did not advocate free trade and privatisation of industry and trade.
Answer: False
18. Scattered peasant revolts and food riots by sans-culottes due to scarcity of food supply started from 1787.
Answer: True
19. Rousseau in his famous book ‘The Spirit of Laws’ attacked the divine right of kings.
Answer: False
20. The ‘Persian Letters’ was written by Montesquieu.
Answer: True
21. The three organs of government are-the executive, the judiciary and the legislature.
Answer: True
22. Montesquieu suggested that the three organs of government must be independent of each other.
Answer: True
23. ‘Discourses on the Origin of Inequality’ was written by Quesnay:
Answer: False
24. The Third Estate of the States-General demanded the introduction of vote per order.
Answer: False
25. The Tennis Court Oath was taken by the representatives of the First Estate.
Answer: False
26. In 1789 the French Constituent Assembly issued a declaration which abolished feudalism in France.
Answer: True
27. The Constituent Assembly granted the right to vote to men of property.
Answer: True
28. Those Frenchmen who paid income tax or property tax equal to three days’ income were marked as passive citizens.
Answer: False
29. Louis XVI entered into a secret negotiation with the king of Prussia.
Answer: True
30. The Bill of Rights of England (1689) was taken as a model to prepare the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
Answer: True
31. The members of the Jacobin Club belonged mainly to the prosperous section of society.
Answer: False
32. The only party which initiated the Reign of Terror was the Jacobin Party.
Answer: False
33. One of the positive outcome of the Reign of Terror was the abolition of slavery.
Answer: True
34. Under the Directory French effort was directed against America.
Answer: False
35. The French Revolution developed the idea of dictatorship in France.
Answer: False
Choose the best explanation :
1. Statement: The French Revolution broke out in 1789 because of-
Explanation (A): the excesses of king Louis XVI
Explanation (B): social causes
Explanation (C): a combination of social, economic, political and intellectual causes.
Answer:
Explanation (C): a combination of social, economic, political and intellectual causes.
2. Statement: In 1789, Louis XVI summoned the States-General.
Explanation (A): France became bankrupt.
Explanation (B): The Third Estate assembled at Tennis Court to draft a new constitution.
Explanation (C): A large mob attacked Bastille.
Answer:
Explanation (A): France became bankrupt.
3. Statement: On the eve of the French Revolution the financial condition of France was miserable.
Explanation (A): The unjust system of tax collection emptied the treasury of France.
Explanation (B): The foreign powers looted the wealth of France.
Explanation (C): France’s involvement in the War of Austrian Succession and in the Seven years War drained her treasury.
Answer:
Explanation (C): France’s involvement in the War of Austrian Succession and in the Seven years War drained her treasury.
4. Statement: The unjust system of tax collection played an important part in the outbreak of the French Revolution.
Explanation (A): The entire burden of taxation fell on the First Estate.
Explanation (B): The entire burden of taxation fell on the first two estates.
Explanation (C): The entire burden of taxation fell on the Third Estate only.
Answer:
Explanation (C): The entire burden of taxation fell on the Third Estate only.
5. Statement: The aristocrats of France revolted.
Explanation (A): The privilege of not paying any tax was taken away.
Explanation (B): They were not allowed to speak in the StatesGeneral.
Explanation (C): They were not appointed to high posts.
Answer:
Explanation (A): The privilege of not paying any tax was taken away.
6. Statement: Montesquieu demanded separation of powers.
Explanation (A): It is required to control the autocratic monarachy.
Explanation (B): It is required to abolish the claims of aristocracy.
Explanation (C): It is required to rule according to the wish of the people.
Answer:
Explanation (A): It is required to control the autocratic monarachy.
7. Statement: The people of the third estates hated the aristocracy.
Explanation (A): The aristocracy unjustly enjoyed special privileges.
Explanation (B): The aristocrats were spies of enemy state.
Explanation (C): The population of third estates was large.
Answer:
Explanation (A): The aristocracy unjustly enjoyed special privileges.
8. Statement: People of France destroyed the Bastille fort.
Explanation (A): The fort was old dilapidated.
Explanation (B): The fort was a symbol of tyranny.
Explanation (C): It was a fort of enemy state.
Answer:
Explanation (A): The fort was old dilapidated.
9. Statement: Representatives of the third estate took the Tennis Court Oath.
Explanation (A): They wanted to maintain a good relationship with the aristocracy.
Explanation (B): They wanted to prepare a new constitution for the country.
Explanation (C): They demanded to transfer the power to Sans-culottes.
Answer:
Explanation (B): They wanted to prepare a new constitution for the country.
10. Statement: France lost her status as an international power in the 18th century.
Explanation (A): There was immense loss of men and money.
Explanation (B): France was defeated in the War of Austrian Succession and the Seven Years’ War.
Explanation (C): There was reign of terror in France.
Answer:
Explanation (C): There was reign of terror in France.
11. Statement: King Louis XVI called an assembly of the States-General in 1789.
Explanation (A): Louis XVI needed a solution of the prevailing economic crisis.
Explanation (B): Louis XVI was forced to called the assembly under pressure of third estate.
Explanation (C): Louis XVI called the assembly to formulate trade policy.
Answer:
Explanation (A): Louis XVI needed a solution of the prevailing economic crisis.
Match the columns :
Question 1.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Taille | A. Religious tax |
| 2. Capitation | B. Salt tax |
| 3. Gabella | C. Income tax |
| 4. Tithes | D. Wealth & property tax |
Answer:
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Taille | D. Wealth & property tax |
| 2. Capitation | C. Income tax |
| 3. Gabella | B. Salt tax |
| 4. Tithes | A. Religious tax |
Question 2.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. 1789 | A. Napoleon seized power |
| 2. 1792 | B. Tennis Court Oath |
| 3. 1794 | C. France became a Republic for the first time |
| 4. 1799 | D. Robespierre guillotined |
Answer:
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. 1789 | B. Tennis Court Oath |
| 2. 1792 | C. France became a Republic for the first time |
| 3. 1794 | D. Robespierre guillotined |
| 4. 1799 | A. Napoleon seized power |
Question 3.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Divine Right of Kingship | A. Government run by people |
| 2. Democracy | B. An all-powerful king |
| 3. Absolute monarch | C. A monarch who rules according to the constitution |
| 4. Constitutional monarch | D. King is the representative of God on earth |
Answer:
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Divine Right of Kingship | D. King is the representative of God on earth |
| 2. Democracy | A. Government run by people |
| 3. Absolute monarch | B. An all-powerful king |
| 4. Constitutional monarch | C. A monarch who rules according to the constitution |
Question 4.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Marie Antoinette | A. Finance Minister of France |
| 2. Necker | B. First Consul |
| 3. Napoleon | C. Physiocrat |
| 4. Quesnay | D. Queen of France |
Answer:
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Marie Antoinette | B. First Consul |
| 2. Necker | D. Queen of France |
| 3. Napoleon | A. Finance Minister of France |
| 4. Quesnay | C. Physiocrat |
Question 5.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Constituent Assembly | A. National Convention |
| 2. Summoning of States-General | B. Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
| 3. Legislative Assembly | C. Directory |
| 4. The Directors and a bicameral legislature | D. Louis XVI |
Answer:
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Constituent Assembly | D. Louis XVI |
| 2. Summoning of States-General | A. National Convention |
| 3. Legislative Assembly | B. Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
| 4. The Directors and a bicameral legislature | C. Directory |
Question 6.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Jacobins stormed | A. De La Concord |
| 2. Louis XVI executed | B. Paris |
| 3. The Bastille | C. Austria |
| 4. Secret journey of Louis XVI | D. Palace of Tuileries |
Answer:
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Jacobins stormed | D. Palace of Tuileries |
| 2. Louis XVI executed | A. De La Concord |
| 3. The Bastille | B. Paris |
| 4. Secret journey of Louis XVI | C. Austria |
Question 7.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Voltaire | A. An important leader during Reign of Terror |
| 2. Danton | B. Leader of Tennis Court Oath |
| 3. Jean Paul Marat | C. A revolutionary journalist |
| 4. Mirabeau | D. A French Philosopher |
Answer:
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Voltaire | D. A French Philosopher |
| 2. Danton | A. An important leader during Reign of Terror |
| 3. Jean Paul Marat | C. A revolutionary journalist |
| 4. Mirabeau | B. Leader of Tennis Court Oath |
Question 8.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Tipu Sultan | A. Old system |
| 2. Ancien regime | B. religious tax |
| 3. Tithe | C. September massacre |
| 4. 1792 | D. Jacobin Club |
Answer:
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Tipu Sultan | D. Jacobin Club |
| 2. Ancien regime | A. Old system |
| 3. Tithe | B. religious tax |
| 4. 1792 | C. September massacre |