Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 7 History Book Solutions Chapter 4 The Delhi Sultanate: Turko-Afgan Rule offer valuable context and analysis.
WBBSE Class 7 History Chapter 4 Question Answer – The Delhi Sultanate: Turko-Afgan Rule
1. Find out the odd one and underline it : (Full mark-1)
a. Iltutmish, Raziya, Ibn Batuta, Balban is ………………
Answer: Iban Batuta.
b. Tabarhind, Sunam, Samana, Jhelum.
Answer: Jhelum.
c. Kharaj, Khams, jizya, Amir, Zakat.
Answer: Amir.
d. Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, Golkonda, Punjab, Bihar.
Answer: Punjab.
e. Barbosa, Mahmud Gawan, Paes, Nuniz.
Answer: Mahmud Gawan.
2. Match ‘A’ with ‘B’ (Full mark-1)
| A | B |
| Khalifa | Bangla |
| Balban | Durbash |
| Khlji Revolution | Babur |
| Rumi Tricks | Turkan-I-Chihalgani |
| King Ganesh | End of the rule of the Ilbari Turk nobles. |
Answer:
| A | B |
| Khalifa | Durbash |
| Balban | Turkan-I-Chihalgani |
| Khlji Revolution | End of the rule of the Ilbari Turk nobles. |
| Rumi Tricks | Babur |
| King Ganesh | Bangla |
3. Answer in brief (30-50 words) : (Full marks-3)
a. When did the Delhi Sultans require the recommendation of the Caliphs?
Answer:
According to the Islam, the chief ruler was only one the Caliph. At the same time he was also the religious head. So the Delhi Sultanate was also under the jurisdiction of the Caliph, in practice. The muslims ruled over a vast area, but it was not possible for a Caliph to maintain his authority over so large an area. So the royal people governed different areas with due approval of the caliph.
b. What were the three main problems faced by Sultan Iltutmish ?
Answer:
During the rule of Iltutmish (1211-36), the Delhi Sultanate had to face three problems mainly. Firstly, how to subdue the rebelling powers. Secondly, how to combat the indomitable Mongol power of central Asia. Finally, how to set up a royal dynasty so that his descendants can ascend the throne after his death without any disturbances.
c. Who were the supporters of Sultan Raziya? Who were her rivals ?
Answer:
Among the descents of Iltutmish, Razia w as the worthiest of all. One of the sons of Iltutmish, ruled for a short period. But Raziya was the ultimate choice and became the real successor of Iltutmish. Raziya ascended the throne with the help of the army, a part of the nobles and the common people On the otherhand, the Turkish nobles thought that Raziya is in favour of non-Turkish nobles. So the nobles who were outside of Delhi, started opposing Raziya from the very inception of her rule. Besides, the Rajputs, too, opposed Raziya.
d. How did Alauddin Khalji combat the Mongol aggression ?
Answer:
During the rule of Alauddin Khalji (1296-1300 AD) Delhi was attacked twice by the Mongols (1299-1300 and 1302-03 AD). The Sultan built up a huge army to resist Mongol attack. A new city named Siri was set up to accomodate the soldiers. To make arrangements, for their provisions, he imposed taxes at a higher rate on the farmers of Doab. The construction of the fort, the collection of soldiers and the price control system helped Alauddin Khalji to resist the Mongol attack successfully.
e. Describe the cultural life of Bengal during the time of Iliyash Shahi and Hussain Shahi dynastis.
Answer:
During the rules of Iliyas Shahi and Hussain Shahi dynastis the Bengali culture reached a considerable height. Bengali language, literature and architecture had been improved at that time. The Sultans of this time were religiously tolerent. Their religious liberalism helped the people of all the religions to come closer. In this time Bhakti cult found a shelter under the leadership of Sri Chaitanya.
4. Answer in details (100-200 words): (Full marks-3)
a. Describe the southern expedition of Alauddin Khalji after the map 4.2.
Answer:
Earlier Turkish Sultans strengthened their base in the Gangetic basin. Later, the Sultans turned their attention towards the South. Alauddin Khalj I was the first Sultan of Delhi, who extended his empire up to the South. His Southern expedition was led by his commander Malik Kafur. After the leadership of Malik Kafur, Alauddin captured Mandu in 1305 AD.
After that he captured Devgiri in 1311 AD. In the same year Alauddin captured Warangal. After that he captured Hoysan and Kakahya one by one with the help of Malik Kafur, Alauddin captured Dwar samudro, and After that his army get victory over Tanjore. At last Alauddin finished his Military expeditions over South, with victory over Madurai and Pandya and his kingdom extended upto Indian ocean.
b. What was the relation between the Delhi Sultans and their nobles ?
Answer:
The Sultan who could show alround proficiency in the art of administration his rule would last long. From the time of Balban the powers and prestige of the Sultan began to increase. None was above the Sultan. If opposed, he must be punished. As a result they none could raise any question regarding the power and prestige of the Sultans and the nobles. In the time of Alauddin the nobles were harshly suppressed. But when the supervision of the Sultan loosened, the nobles increased their power.
Sultan had to maintain relation with the Ulemas too. As the priest advised the king so did the Ulemas about the Sultan. But the Ulema’s advice was not always obeyed by the Sultan. It also created strifes between the Ulemas and the Sultans. The Ulemas were punished sometimes by the Sultans. But to keep themselves in power intact the Sultans needed the support of the nobles and Ulemas. So the Sultan tried to please them with several tributes and honours to get their support.
c. What is Iqta? Why did the Sultans introduce the system ?
Answer:
The Sultans of Delhi extended the limits of their empires gradually. They felt it necessary to collect taxes from the newly acquired areas. It was also necessary to maintain peace in those areas too. The kingdoms which were conquered by the Sultans were supposed to be a province. These provinces were called Iqta. A military leader was in charge of these Iqtas.
He was called Iqtadar or Muqti or wate. These Iqtas were sab-divided in smaller and bigger ones. The ruler of the smaller Iqtas performed the military duties only, and the rulers of the bigger one performed his military duties along with administrative ones. To supervise the army, to remit the excess revenue to the Sultan and to maintain peace and order there, were some of the duties of the rulers of lerger Iqtas. The Iqtadars were fully under the control of the Sultan.
d. What is your opinion about the market regulations of Delhi in the reign of Alauddin Khalji?
Answer:
The administrative system of Alauddin Khalji was compleatly based upon military power. In the mean time he organised a huge army and fixed the salary of the soldiers. Alauddin fixed the price of daily necessities. During the time of Alauddin Khalji there were four big markets in Delhi.
Food, horses etc. were sold in these markets. To supervise the market price there were ‘Shahane-l-Mandi’ and ‘Dewan-I-Riasat. If the sellers used to take higher price than that of Alauddin fixed, or tried to cheat the buyer in weights they were severely punished.
e. Would you call the strife between Vijaynagar and the Sultani kingdoms a religious one? Give your arguments.
Answer:
Over three regions of Decan problems rose between Vijayanagar and Bahamoni sultanate. These were the regions in the coastal area of Tungabhadra, the basin area of Krishna- Godavari and Marathwara region. These areas were fertile and commercial too. Remember these areas not only created strifes between Vijaynagar and Bahmani kingdoms.
Previously the Chalukyas and the Cholas, Yadavas and Hoysalas too fought to occupy the same. The rulers of both the northern and southern borders of river Krishna took the title ‘Sultan’. They maintained many etiquettes of the Delhi sultans.
The Vijaynagar kings called themselves ‘Sultans’ among the Hindu kings. King Deva Roy II introduced the Turkish war tactics for his own army. During his reign, cultural contact was maintained between the north and south. So it can’t say that the strife between Vijaynagar and the Sultani Kingdoms a religious one.
Class 7 History Chapter 4 Question Answer West Bengal Board – The Delhi Sultanate: Turko-Afgan Rule
Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)
Question 1.
Muhammad Ghori’s dominion was distributed among his four ______
i) followers
ii) friends
iii) sons
iv) relatives
Answer:
i) followers
Question 2.
Bakhtiar Khilji became the ruler of ______
i) Delhi
ii) Multan
iii) Bengal
iv) Ghazni
Answer:
iii) Bengal
Question 3.
The reign Of Razia lasted for ______
i) two and a half years
ii) Three and a half years
iii) four and a half years
iv) five and a half years
Answer:
ii) Three and a half years
Question 4.
Sajda and Paibos was introduced by ______
i) Alauddin Khalji
ii) Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah
iii) Rajia Sultan
iv) Ghiyasuddin balaban
Answer:
iv) Ghiyasuddin balaban
Question 5.
‘AI-Rihala’ is a reliable source of information about the reign of ______
i) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
ii) Muhammed bin Tughlaq
iii) Feroj Shah Tughlaq
iv) Alauddin khalji
Answer:
ii) Muhammed bin Tughlaq
Question 6.
Taqavi introduced by Muhammad bin Tughlaq was a ______
i) gift policy
ii) tax policy
iii) loan policy
iv) business policy
Answer:
iii) loan policy
Question 7.
The first battle of Panipath took place in ______
i) A.D. 1526
ii) A.D. 1525
iii) A.D. 1512
iv) A.D. 1530
Answer:
i) A.D. 1526
Question 8.
Balabaits eldest son Prince Muhammad was killed in ______
i) 1185
ii) 1280
iii) 1285
iv) 1290
Answer:
iii) 1285
Question 9.
During the reign of Balaban the power of the sultan —
i) decreased
ii) increased
iii) remain the same
Answer:
ii) increased
Question 10.
Mahmud Gawan was a ______
i) minister
ii) soldier
iii) instructor
iv) all are true
Answer:
iv) all are true
Question 11.
Traveller Nicolo Conti came india from ______
i) Italy
ii) France
iii) Portugal
iv) China
Answer:
i) Italy
Question 12.
The city of Vijaynagar was surrounded by ______
i) five hills
ii) seven hills
iii) five rivers
iv) seven rivers
Answer:
ii) seven hills
Question 13.
Between Vijoynagar and Bahamani there was a ______
i) friendship
ii) co-operation
iii) rivalry
Answer:
iii) rivalry
Question 14.
The king Krishnadev Raya was a—
i) singer
ii) artist
iii) player
iv) writer
Answer:
iv) writer
Question 15.
The Sangama dynasty established by Harihara I and Bukka lasted for about ______
i) 100 years
ii) 150 years
iii) 200 years
iv) 50 years
Answer:
ii) 150 years
Question 16.
Alauddin Hasan Bahaman Shah established the Bahamani kingdom in ______
i) 1340 A.D.
ii) 1345 A.D.
iii) 1347 A.D.
iv) 1350 A.D.
Answer:
iii) 1347 A.D.
Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)
1. The area which came under the control of the Sultan was called ______
Answer:
Sultanate
2. The Caliph was the religious head of the ______
Answer:
Muslims
3. In A.D 1229 Iltutmish was recognised as the ruler by the ______
Answer:
Caliph
4. None of the Caliphs ever interfered in the administration of distant ______
Answer:
Hindusthan
5. Among the successors of Iltutmish ______ Was the worthiest
Answer:
Razia
6. The whimsical act of a person is still called ______
Answer:
Tughlaqism
7. Devagiri was renamed ______
Answer:
Daulatabad
8. During the reign of Bahulul Lodi Jaunpur was included in the ______
Answer:
Delhi Sultanate
9. Khizr khan the founder of the Sayyid dynasty never adopted the title ______
Answer:
Sultan
10. Sultan Iltutmish did not engage in open war with the ______
Answer:
Mughals
11. During the reign of Balaban the power and prestige of the Sultan
Answer:
increased
12. The Muslim rulers used to collect Jizya from the ______
Answer:
non-muslims
13. Alauddin khalji was the first Sultan of Delhi who extended his empire in the ______
Answer:
South
14. Firoz Shah had 1,80,000 ______
Answer:
slaves
15. Babar was skilled in ______
Answer:
warfare
16. Sultan Hussain shah was a gentle and ______ person.
Answer:
amiable
State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)
1. Ilyas Sahis and Husan Sahis had a secular outlook.
Answer:
true
2. Sultan Jalauddin Muhammad Shah was by birth a Hindu.
Answer:
true
3. In 1332 Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah occupied the throne of Lakhnauti.
Answer:
false
4. During the reign of Alauddin Khilji Delhi was thrice attacked.
Answer: false
5. In A.D. 1526 the first battle of Panipat took place between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi.
Answer:
true
6. Delhi Sultanate was actually under the Saliph.
Answer:
true
7. Razia bore the title ‘Sultana’.
Answer:
false
8. In 1290 Jalaluddin Firoz Khilji dethroned the successors of Balaban.
Answer:
true
9. At the time of Muhammed bin Tughloq post on horse-back was called ‘dawa’.
Answer:
false
10 The name of travelogue of Ibanbatuta is Al-rihala.
Answer:
true
11. Babur had more soldiers than Ibrahim Lodi.
Answer:
false
12. The system of Iqtas originated in the 18th century A.D.
Answer:
false
13. Razia withdrew the jizja from the non-Muslims despite the objection of the Ulema.
Answer:
true
14. In 1240 Razia Sultan passed away.
Answer:
true
15. It is said Sultan Hussain Shahwas a devotee of Sri Chaitanya.
Answer:
true
Match the column A with column B
| Column A | Column B |
| a) Muhammad Ghori died b) The Mameluk Sultans were c) Sultana means d) Razia Sultan passed away e) Balaban established f) Post on horse g) Muhammad bin Tughlaq h) Alauddin Khilji build up i) Greatest ruler of Taluva dynasty |
i) powerful centralised administration ii) a huge army iii) was Krishnadeva Raya iv) in A.D. 1206 v) was called Ulak vi) the wife of a sultan vii) in 1240 viii) llbari Turks ix) founded second capital in Devagiri |
Answer:
a) Muhammad Ghori died in A.D. 1206.
b) The Mameluk Sultans were llbari Turks.
c) Sultana means the wife of a sultan.
d) Razia Sultan passed away in 1240.
e) Balaban established powerful centralised administration.
f) Post on horse was called Ulak.
g) Muhammad bin Tughlaq founded second capital in Devagiri.
h) Alauddin Khilji build up a huge army.
i) Greatest ruler of Taluva dynasty was Krishnadeva Raya.
H. Answer in brief (within 30 – 50 words) : (Full mark-3)
Question 1.
What is Sultan and Sultanate?
Answer:
‘Sultan’ is a title. A few Turkish rulers used this title. In Arabic the word ‘Sultan’ means authority, power etc. The areas which came under the control of Sultan was called Sultanate. In India the Sutans exercised their power and authority from Delhi. Hence it is known as the Delhi Sultanate.
Question 2.
What was the relation between Caliph and Sultan?
Answer:
The Caliph was the chief ruler of the Islamic world. He ruled over the entire region that was under Islam. The Caliph was also the religious head of the Muslims. So the Delhi Sultanate was under Caliph.
Question 3.
What is Khutba?
Answer:
The meaning of Khutba is discourse. During the rule of a sultan the Imam read out a sermon. After the afternoon namaz of Friday the khutba was again read out in front of all. In it the name of the contemporary Sultan and the Caliph was mentioned. That the Sultan had followed the customs required to become a rightful ruler was repeatedly declared.
Question 4.
Why was the nobles were against Razia?
Answer:
A section of the nobles had objections about a female ruler. The Turkish nobility thought she was giving importance to the non-Turkish. As a result, those Turks who were outside Delhi began to oppose her from the outset.
Question 5.
Mention the problem that Balaban had to face.
Answer:
The main problem that Balaban had to face was internal rebellion. He suppressed them strongly. He established a powerful centralised administration. He increased the honour of monarchy by introducing Paibos and Sijda.
Question 6.
What were Ulak and Dawa?
Answer:
During the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq there were two systems of sending letters by post. Post on horseback was called Ulak. In this system horses were kept for postal purposes after every four miles. The postal system on foot was called Dawa.
In this system there was a thickly populated village after the gap of one-third of a mile. Outside the village there were three tents. In the tents the postal personnel were always ready to move.
Question 7.
Give an example of Tughlaqi affair of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
Answer:
Muhammad bin Tughlaq founded the second capital at Devagiri to avoid the opposition of the people of Delhi, to be safe from the incursion of the Mongals and to rule the Decan. Following the order of the Sultan many people lost their lives on the way from Delhi to Devagiri. Within a few years the capital was once again shifted to Delhi.
Question 8.
Do you think Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq made any mistake?
Answer:
Muhammad bin Tughlaq made many mistakes – Firstly, shifting of capital from Delhi to Devgiri, and from Devgiri to Delhi is an example of mistake. Secondly, introduction of copper coins but he did not take any step so that it can not be counterfeited.
Thirdly, Sultan increased the rate of tax in Doab region but harvest was affected to paucity of rain. At last the people revolted. Sultan had to compensate the loss of crops.
Question 9.
What was the main objective of Firoz Shah’s military expedition?
Answer:
One of the main objectives of Firoz Shah’s military expedition was to collect slaves. He had 1,80,000 slaves. A separate department was opened for them. They were employed in the defence, workshops and in different depertments. They were also paid for their servics. In this way the Sultan wanted to create a loyal body of soldiers.
Question 10.
What kind of incidents never happened before or after Khizr Khan?
Answer:
Khizr Khan, the founder of the Sayyid dynasty, never adopted the title ‘Sultan’. He admitted his loyalty to the Turko-Mongal rulers, on the other hand he continued using coins inscribed with the names of the Tughlaq sultans. Such incidents had never happened in medieval India before or after him.
Question 11.
Write a short note on first battle of Panipath.
Answer:
The first battle of Panipath took place between Babur and Ibraham Lodi in A.D. 1526. In this battle Babur applied a war tactic which he learnt from the Turks. Babur had less soldiers than Ibrahim Lodi but babur was skilled in warfare. Ibrahim lodi died in the battle field. The Mughal empire was established in Delhi and Agra.
Question 12.
What happened after the death of Chengis Khan?
Answer:
After the death of Chengis Khan, the Mongal kingdom was split into numerous territories. The Mongals were then busy with western Asia. Taking advantage of the situation, the Delhi Sultans increased their power. As a result they could resist Mongal invasions of the later period.
Question 13.
What is Iqta?
Answer:
The kingdoms captured by the Sultans were considered to be provinces. These provinces were called ‘Iqta’. A commander was placed in charge of these Iqtas. He was called Iqtader or Muqti. These Iqtas were further divided into smaller or bigger ones. The holder or governor of the smaller Iqtas performed only military duties. The governor of the bigger ones ’ performed military and administrative duties.
Question 14.
Mention the economic reforms done by Alauddin Khilji.
Answer:
Alauddin Khilji confiscated Iqtas given by the preceding Sultans. He took back the tax-free lands and properties donated for religious purposes. All agricultural land was measured. Revenue rates were increased. The Sultan wanted to cut down the expenditure of the Sultanate. He collected half of the agricultural produce as revenue. He also increased the collection of house-tax, grazing tax and jizya.
Question 15.
Write about the activities of Alauddin Khilji over market.
Answer:
Alauddin Khilji fixed the prices of all daily commodities. During his reign, there were big markets in Delhi. Food, horses, cloth etc. were sold there. The Shahna-i Mandi and the Diwan-i Riyasat looked after the markets. Severe punishment was given to offenders for demanding in excess of the fixed price or cheating the buyer in weight.
Question 16.
Write about social and economic activities of Firoz Shah.
Answer:
Firoz Shah built many cities, mosques, madrasas, hospitals and gardens. He introduced the system of monetary grants to help the poor. He opened a new department to solve the unemployment problem. He improved the irrigation system to develop agriculture. New canals were dug. Uncultivated lands were brought under cultivation.
Question 17.
Write a short note on Ekdala Fort.
Answer:
Ekdala Fort was surrounded by two tributaries of the river Ganga – rivers Chiramoti and Balia. This fort was not far from Gauda. The fort was almost imprengable. When Firoz Shah attacked Pandua, Ilyas Shah took shelter In the Ekdala Fort.
Question 18.
What was the order issued by Hussain Saha about Sri Chaitanya?
Answer:
Vrindavan Das in his Chaitanya Bhagvat wrote that Sultan Hussain Shah issued an order about Sri Chaitanya on his arrival at Gauda. The order said that Sri Chaitanya be allowed to do kirtana with all or could live alone as he wished. If anyone disturbed him – be it the Kazi or the Kotvval – he will be executed.
Question 19.
What was the development in Bengali culture during the reign of Ilyas Sahis and Hussain Sahis?
Answer:
Bengali culture developed during the reign of Ilyas Sahis and Hussain Sahis. Bengali language, literature, sculpture etc. developed in this period. The Sultans had a secular outlook. For this reason people of all religions came close to each other. The Bhakti cult started under the guidance of Sri Chaitanya.
Question 20.
Who and when established Bahamani Kingdom?
Answer:
During the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq, Hasan Gangu took the name of Alauddin Hasan Bahaman saha and established the Bahamani Kingdom in the deccan in 1347 A.D. He set up his capital in Gulbarga and named it Ahsanabad.
For his administrative convenievce he divided his kingdom into provinces. The provinces were Gulbarga, Dauladabad, Berar and Bidar. A governor was appointed for each province.
B. Answer in detail (within 100 – 120 words) : (Full marks: 5)
Question 1.
What is Iqta system?
Answer:
In the Islamic empire of central Asia military aristocrats were awarded with Iqtas. The tenure of Iqtas was fixed. This system originated in the 9th century A.D. At that time sufficient revenue was not deposited in the royal exchequer. In 11th century’ A.D. the Iqta system could be found in the empire of the Seljuk Turks. During this time about half of the empire was distributed as Iqta.
Somewhere this system became hereditary. In the empire of the Ottoman Turks a similar system was introduced. It was called ‘Timar’. The Sultans of Delhi made several changes in the Iqtadari system for the expansion of the empire, collection of revenues and maintenance of peace and order. The Iqtdar or Mukti could have been the ruler of an entire province. He could have been a revenue collector also.
Question 2.
What is Jizya and Turuska Danda?
Answer:
The Muslim rulers used to collect Jizya from the non-muslims. In liew of this tax the people were provided safety, religious fight and security to property. In the 8th century A.D. the Arab commander Muhammad bin qasim first introduced this tax in Sind.
During the rule of the Delhi Sultanate, the Brahmins, women, minors and slaves were exempted from the Jizya. If the sages, blind, lame and mad men were poor then they w ere also exempted from the tax. Alauddin Khalji collected ‘Kharaj’ along with Jizya.
His objective was to decrease political and economic power of the influential non-muslims. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq imposed the Jizya in such a manner that the non-muslims would neither be paupers nor challenge the state.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq went overboard to tax the brahmins also. Some Hindu kings introduced a tax similar to the Jizya. They used to impose the tax on the Muslims. The tax was called Turuska danda.
Additional Questions and answers:
Question 1.
Why was there no mention of Delhi till 12th century?
Answer:
There was no mention of Delhi as it became important only during the 12th century.
Question 2.
Under which dynasty Delhi became the capital?
Answer:
Delhi first became the capital of a kingdom under the Tomara Rajput.
Question 3.
Name the Rajput dynasties that ruled during 12th century’
Answer:
Ananga Pala of Tomar dynasty and Prithiveraj Chauhan of Shauhan dynasty were important Rajput rulers during the 12th century.
Question 4.
Name the rulers- of Slave Pynasty.
Answer:
Military general of Muhammad Ghuri. Qutubuddin Aybak established the Slave dynasty. He was followed by Iltutmish, Raziya and Balban.
Question 5.
Name the important rulers of other dynasties that ruled over Delhi.
Answer:
- Khaiji Dynasty— Jalaluddin, Alauddin
- Tughluq dynasty— Ghiyasuddin Muhammad, Firuz Shah tughlaq
- Shyid Dynasty— Khizir Khan
- Lodi dynasty— Bahlul Lodi
Question 6.
Write a short note on Raziya.
Answer:
Raziya was the daughter of Iltutmish. She became Sultan in 1236. She was more able and qualified than all her brothers, her brothers and nobles were not happy at her attempts to rule independently. So she was removed from the throne in 1240.
Question 7.
Were there any other women rulers except Raziya?
Answer:
Another woman ruler was Rudrarnadevi of Warangal (1262-1289). She changed her name on the inscriptions and predicted to be a man. Another queen was Didda of hashmir (980-1003). Her subjects gave her this name. Her name came from Didi.
Question 8.
Why did Delhi Sultans build mosques all over the subcontinent?
Answer:
Delhi Sultans wanted to show themselves as protectors of Islam and muslims. Mosques helped in creating a sense of community sharing common belief and code of conduct.
Question 9.
Which kind of taxes were there during Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:
- Kharaj was a tax on cultivation, it was about 50% of total produce of the land of a peasant.
- Tax on the cattles.
- Tax on houses.
Question 10.
How did large parts of the subcontinent remain outside the control of Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:
A large part of the subcontinent remain outside the control of Delhi Sultanate.
Question 11.
How did the Mongals force the Delhi Sultans to mobilise a big army?
Answer:
Mongal attacks on the Delhi Sultanate increased during the reign of Alauddin Khaiji and in the early years of Muhammad bin Tughluq’s rule. This forces the two rulers to mobilise a large army in delhi.
Question 12.
Who was Ibn Batuta? When did he came to India?
Answer:
Ibn batuta was an African traveller. He came to india during the reign of Muhammad- Bin- Tughluq.
Question 13.
Write a short note on Sher Shah.
Answer:
Sher Shah started his career as a Manager of a small territory. He defeated the mughal emperor Humayun. He saptured Delhi and established his own dynasty. This dynasty ruled only for fifteen years. But his administration became the model for Akbarto come extent.
Multiple Choice Questions and Answers:
Question 1.
Who first established his capital at Delhi ——–
i) Tomara Rajput ruler
ii) Chauhan ruler
iii) Khalji dynasty
iv) Turkish ruler
Answer:
i) Tomara Rajput ruler
Question 2.
First slave king of Delhi Sultanate ——–
i) Qutbuddin Aybak
ii) Iltutmish
iii) Raziya Sultan
iv) Alauddin khalji
Answer:
i) Qutbuddin Aybak
Question 3.
Who was not the king of the Rajput dynasty ————-
i) Tomaras
ii) Ananga Pala
iii) Prithviraj Chauhan
iv) Bahlni Lodi
Answer:
Bahlul Lodi
Question 4.
Who was Ulema ————-
i) A judge
ii) A ruler
iii) A scholsr of Islamic learning
iv) An invader
Answer:
A scholsr of Islamic learning
Question 5
Which was not a kind of tax during Delhi Sultanate ————-
i) Tax on cattle
ii) Kharaj
iii) bandagans
iv) tax on houses
Answer:
iii) bandagans
Question 6.
The first mosque built by sultansin delhi ————-
i) Moth ki masjid
ii) Jama masjid
iii) Quwwat al Islam
iv) Jamali Kamali Masjid
Answer:
Quwwat al Islam
Question 7.
Ziauddin Baruni was ————-
i) a writer
ii) sultan
iii) traveller
iv) political thinker
Answer:
iv) political thinker
Question 8.
Sher Shah started his career as ————-
i) a soldier
ii) manager
iii) traveller
iv) accountant
Answer:
manager
Question 9.
Kharaj was a tax imposed on ————-
i) cattle
ii) houses
iii) trade
iv) cultivation
Answer:
iv) cultivation
Long Questions and Answers:
Question 1.
Describe Delhi Sultanate during Lodi Rule.
Answer:
During the Lodi rule the power of the Sultan increased considerably. Sultan Bahlul Lodi followed the traditional custom of the Afghans and shared his power with the Afghan chieftains. But his objective was also to establish the dominance of the Lodi Afghans.
Conquering the neighbouring state of Jaunpur endorses this fact. However, his successor Sikandar Lodi did not believe in sharing his power with the Afghan chieftains. The Afghan chiefs were told that they were completely under the control of the Sultan. Their fortunes depended upon the will of the Sultan. Thus, he established his sovereignty over the Afghan chiefs and the common people.
Question 2.
Describe the administrative system of Delhi Sultanate.
Answer:
The real head of the administration of Delhi Sultanate was the Sultan himself. All powers of governance, the army, law and judiciary were in the hands of the Sultan. But a single individual could not look after all administrative responsibilities. So the Sultan appointed ministers and officials. His order was the final word.
In this way Sultanate administration developed with the Sultan at the centre. This is known as centralized administration. They distanced themselves from others, pronounced harsh judgements, and did not differentiate between the rich and the poor, common man and noble during trial. The Sultan who had the efficiency to look after all aspects of administration could rule for a long period. During the reign of Balban the power and prestige of the Sultan increased.
Nobody was above the Sultan. Any opposition would be penalized. So the nobility (Amirs) no longer questioned the power and prestige of the Sultan. During the reign of Alauddin, they were ruthlessly suppressed. But whenever the central administration weakened, the power of the nobility increased.
Besides the nobles, the Sultans had to keep connection with Ulema.
As the priest advised the king, the Ulema advised the Sultans. But most of the time their advice was not followed by the Sultans. Hence, the Sultan did whatever he thought to be the best. And so the Sultans often had conflict with the Ulema. But to keep their power intact the Sultan needed the support of the Ulema and the Omrah. Sometimes the Sultans even punished the Ulema.
Question 3.
Describe the control over market price by Alauddin Khilji.
Answer:
The administrative system of Alauddin Khilji was completely dependent on military power. He organized a huge army and fixed the salary of soldiers. He also fixed the prices of all daily commodities. During his reign, there were big markets in Delhi. Food, horses, cloth etc. were sold there.
The Shahna-i Mandi and the Diwan-i Riyasat looked after the markets. Severe punishment was given to offenders for demanding in excess of the fixed price or cheating the buyer in weight. Alauddin introduced a ration system. The people were provided grain and daily necessities by the Sultan when required.
Question 4.
What is Jizya and Turaska Danda?
Answer:
The Muslim rulers used to collect Jizya from the non-Muslims. This was an individual tax. In lieu of this tax the people were provided safety, religious right and security to property. In the 8th century A.D. Muhammad bin Qasim first introduced this tax in Sind.
During the rule of the Delhi Sultanate, the brahmins, women, minors and slaves were exempted from the Jizya. Alauddin Khilji collected ‘Kharaj’ long with jizya. His objective was to decrease the political and economic power of the influential non-Muslims. He thought that these people were creating discontent and. rebellion in the empire.
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq proposed the Jizya in such a manner that the non-Muslim would neither be paupers nor challenge the state. Firoz Shah Tughlaq went overboard to tax the brahmins also. Some Hindu kings introduced a tax similar to the Jizya. The tax was called Turuskadanda. They used to impose this tax on the Muslims.
Question 5.
Who was the greatest ruler of madieval Bengal, and why?
Answer:
Alauddin Hussain Shah was the greatest ruler of medieval Bengal. His reign of 26 years (1493-1519) was famous for his liberal policy. The Hindus were appointed in important postions in his administration. The Wazir of Alauddin, his physician, bodyguard and the chief of the mint were Hindus. Sultan Hussain Shah was a gentle and amiable person. He was respectful of all religions.
It is said Sultan Hussain Shah was a devotee of Sri Chaitanya. One of the two famous brothers, Rup and Sanatan, was appointed as his Personal Secretary (Dabir-i Khas). Hussain Shah was regarded as the incarnation of Lord Krishna. He was extremely enthusiastic in the research and practice of the Bengali language. Bengali literature flourished during his reign.
Question 6.
Mention Vijaynagar in the accounts of foreign travellers.
Answer:
Many foreign travellers visited Vrjaynagar. The most notable of them were Nicolo Conti of Italy, Persian envoy Abdur Razzak, Potuguese travellers Paes and Nuniz, Duarte Barbosa etc. All of them were astonished to see the treasures of Vijaynagar.
The city of Vijaynagar was surrounded by seven walls. Agriculture was the chief occupation. Irrigation system was well organized. Land revenue was the main source of income. Apart from agriculture, trade, commerce and industry flourished. Vijaynagar had close trade relationship with the Portuguese. But the travellers had also remarked that the life style of the rich and poor was markedly different.
Question 7.
Give a picture of Vijaynagar in the eye of Portuguese traveller Paes.
Answer:
“….The city is as big as Rome and very beautiful to look at. There are many orchards – both in the city gardens and in the gardens of the mansions. A number of canals of clear flow through the city. There are large tarks. A palm grove and fruit trees are found close to the royal palace.
The population of this city is high. So many people and elephants stroll through the roads and lanes that it is difficult for the soldiers and cavalry to pass through. No other city in the world provides such food as in Vijaynagar. Rice, wheat and other crops are available in large quantity. The’ numbers of oxen carrying loads in markets and on roads makes it impossible to walk through. Either one has to wait for long or take a different route.”