WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 10 Life Science Book Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Chapter 2B Question Answer – Reproduction

Long Answer Type Questions : 5 Marks

Question 1.
Describe different types of asexual reproduction in plants.
Answer:
(a) Fission : Fission is of two types: Binary fission and multiple fission.
Binary fission : In binary fission, two individuals are formed from a single parent. This type of reproduction is found in organisms like bacteria, yeast and Amoeba (Fig. Binary fission in Amoeba).

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction 1

Multiple fission : In multiple fission, many individuals are formed from a single parent. This type of reproduction by multiple fission occurs during unfavourable conditions.

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction 2

In this type of reproduction, the unicellular organism develops a protective covering called cyst over the cell. The nucleus of the cell divides repeatedly producing many nuclei. Many daughter cells are produced within the cyst. The cyst breaks and small offsprings are liberated. This type of reproduction is seen in many algae and in some protozoans, such as the malarial parasite (Plasmodium) (Fig. Binary fission in Plasmodium).

(b) Budding : In this type of reproduction, a bulb-like projection or outgrowth arises from the parent body known as bud, which detaches and forms a new organism.
For example, Hydra reproduces by budding (Fig. multiple fission in Plasmodium). A small protuberance arises from one side of its body, which grows, develops tentacles and gets detached to lead an independent life.

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction 3

(c) Regeneration or Fragmentation : In this type of reproduction, the body of an individual breaks up into two or more parts and each part develops into a complete individual. Example : Spirogyra, and Planaria.

(d) Spore formation : In lower forms of life like the alga, Chlamydomonas, the protoplast of the cell divides to form 4-8 spores. These being motile are termed as zoospores. When spores are released in the surrounding medium they develop into new plants.

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

(e) Vegetative propagation or vegetative reproduction in plants : Vegetative reproduction (or vegetative propagation) is a form of asexual reproduction in plants in which a bud grows and develops into a new plant. In this type of reproduction, any vegetative part of the plant body like leaf, stem or root develops into a complete new plant. Vegetative reproduction can take place by two methods-natural and artificial.

I) Vegetative reproduction by natural methods : This type of vegetative reproduction can involve roots, stem or leaves. Some common modes of vegetative reproduction are given below:
i. By roots : The roots of sweet potato and mint bear adventitious buds. When these roots are planted in the soil, new plants are produced.
ii. By stem : In many plants the stem develops buds on it. The part of the stem that bears buds serves as an organ for vegetative multiplication, e.g. the modified parts of stem, such as runners of grass, suckers of mint and Chrysanthemum, bulbs of onion and tulip, rhizomes of ginger, corns of gladiolus and Colocasia, and tubers of potato etc.

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction 4

iii. By leaves : In some plants, e.g. in Bryophyllum and Bigonia, adventitious buds are developed in the margins of their leaves. When the leaf falls on moist soil, these buds develop into small plantlets, which can be separated and grown into independent plants.

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

(b) Vegetative propagation by artificial methods : Some plants can be propagated artificially. The methods of artificial propagation include grafting, layering, cutting and tissue culture.

i. Grafting : It is the method of obtaining a superior quality plant from two different plants, taking the root system of one plant and the shoot system of another plant. The plant whose root system is taken is called stock. The plant whose shoot system is taken is called scion.

The ends to be grafted, of the stock and the scion, are cut obliquely and placed face to face and are bound firmly with tape. The stock supplies all the desired nutrients to the scion. This technique has been used in raising superior quality plants of mango, apples, roses, rubber and citrus.

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction 5

ii. Cutting : In some plants like rose, sugarcane, Bougainvillaea etc. this method is used quite frequently. Stem cuttings with nodes and internodes are placed in moist soil which give rise to adventitious roots, and grow into new plants.

iii. Layering : Layering is the development of roots on a stem while it is still attached to the parent plant. The stem or the branch that develops adventitious roots while still attached to the parent plant is called a layer. It is a means of reproduction in black raspberries, jasmine (Jasminum), Magnolia etc.

iv. Micropropa galion Tissue culture : This is a modern technique of vegetative propagation. In this technique, a small piece of tissue is cut from a plant and is transferred to a container with nutrient medium under aseptic conditions. The tissue utilizes nutrients from the medium, divides and re-divides, and forms a callus. Small portions of this callus are transferred to another medium which induces differentiation and plantlets are produced. These plantlets are transplanted in soil to form an adult plant. Orchids, Chrysanthemum, Asparagus and many other plants are now being grown by using plant tissue culture technique.

Multiple Choice Questions : 1 Mark

Question 1.
______ is (are) the basis for asexual reproduction.
(a) Mitosis
(b) Meiosis
(c) Sex hormones
(d) All A, B and C
Answer:
(a) Mitosis

Question 2.
What is the advantage of asexual reproduction?
(a) Organisms increases rapidly
(b) Organisms are morphologically alike
(c) Organisms are genetically alike
(d) All A, B and C
Answer:
(d) All A, B and C

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 3.
What is the advantage of sexual reproduction?
(a) Genetically varied individuals are born
(b) Chances of survival increases
(c) Chances of evolution increases
(d) All A, B and C
Answer:
(d) All A, B and C

Question 4.
Natural method(s) of asexual reproduction in plants is (are)
(a) Spores
(b) Vegetative propagation
(c) Apomixis
(d) All A, B and C
Answer:
(d) All A, B and C

Question 5.
Artificial method(s) of asexual reproduction in plants is (are)
(a) Cuttings
(b) Tissue culture
(c) Both A and B
(d) Alternation of generation
Answer:
(c) Both A and B

Question 6.
In apomixis, an embryo is created from a diploid cell in the
(a) Pollen tube
(b) Leaf
(c) Ovule
(d) All of the choices are correct
Answer:
(c) Ovule

Question 7.
Asexual reproduction differs from sexual reproduction, in that it does not require
(a) 1 parent
(b) 2 parents
(c) Spores
(d) Vegetative parts
Answer:
(b) 2 parents

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 8.
Asexual reproduction does not introduce
(a) Variation
(b) Similarity between parents & offsprings
(c) Same chromosomal number in offsprings
(d) All of the choices are incorrect
Answer:
(a) Variation

Question 9.
Which of the following statements is true of clones?
(a) Clones show variation
(b) Clones have DNA identical to parent
(c) Clones are formed by meiotic division
(d) All the choices are incorrect
Answer:
(b) Clones have DNA identical to parent

Question 10.
Vegetative propagation does not involve
(a) Root parts
(b) Stem parts
(c) Leaf parts
(d) Flower parts
Answer:
(d) Flower parts

Question 11.
At the cut end of shoot a mass of dividing undifferentiated cell is called
(a) Callus
(b) Periblem
(c) Dermatogen
(d) Pericycle
Answer:
(a) Callus

Question 12.
One of the following is NOT a method of asexual reproduction.
(a) Sporulation
(b) Gametogenesis
(c) Apomixis
(d) Parthenogenesis
Answer:
(b) Gametogenesis

Question 13.
Tissue culture is a technique used to produce a large number of ______ plants quickly.
(a) Variable
(b) Unicellular
(c) Identical
(d) All A, B and C
Answer:
(c) Identical

Question 14.
A flagellated motile sperm fertilizing a non-motile egg, this syngamy is called
(a) Isogamy
(b) Anisogamy
(c) Oogamy
(d) All of the choices are correct
Answer:
(c) Oogamy

Question 15.
A type of syngamy in which both fusing gametes are flagellated but different in size are known as
(a) Isogamy
(b) Anisogamy
(c) Oogamy
(d) All of the choices are correct
Answer:
(b) Anisogamy

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 16.
A type of syngamy in which both fusing gametes are flagellated and same in size are known as
(a) Isogamy
(b) Anisogamy
(c) Oogamy
(d) All of the choices are correct
Answer:
(a) Isogamy

Question 17.
If someone gives you a plant and tells you that it is an angiosperm, you know that during its life cycle it will produce
(a) Swimming sperm
(b) A prothallus
(c) Flowers
(d) Cones
Answer:
(c) Flowers

Question 18.
The transfer of pollen grains to the female part of the plant is called
(a) Germination
(b) Reproduction
(c) Pollination
(d) Fertiliztion
Answer:
(c) Pollination

Question 19.
The production of new plants from underground stems is an example of ______ reproduction.
(a) Two parents
(b) Asexual
(c) Zygote
(d) Sexual
Answer:
(b) Asexual

Question 20.
Which one of the following is the male reproductive part of a flower?
(a) Stamen
(b) Sepal
(c) Petal
(d) Pistils
Answer:
(a) Stamen

Question 21.
In seed plants, sperm travels down a(an) _______ to reach the egg.
(a) Stigma tube
(b) Ovule tube
(c) Pollen tube
(d) Stamen tube
Answer:
(c) Pollen tube

Question 22.
A carpel is a leaf which has been modified to produce
(a) Microsporania
(b) 2 male gametes
(c) Pollen grains
(d) Ovules
Answer:
(d) Ovules

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 23.
The stamens are leaves modified for the production of
(a) Microspores
(b) Megaspores
(c) Ovules
(d) Seed
Answer:
(a) Microspores

Question 24.
The sepals and petals are
(a) Reproductive parts of flower
(b) Non-reproductive parts of flower
(c) Parts of Gametophyte
(d) Both A and C
Answer:
(b) Non-reproductive parts of flower

Question 25.
The ovule contains
(a) Microsporangium
(b) Male gametophyte
(c) Embryo sac
(d) All A, B and C
Answer:
(c) Embryo sac

Question 26.
The unisexual flowers are called
(a) Staminate
(b) Carpellate
(c) A and B
(d) Monoecious
Answer:
(c) A and B

Question 27.
If staminate and carpellate flowers are present on same plant it is termed as
(a) Monoecious
(b) Dioecious
(c) Unisexual
(d) Neuter
Answer:
(a) Monoecious

Question 28.
Angiosperms, double fertilization produces two distinct portions of the seed. The endosperm portion’s role is to
(a) Develop into the embryo
(b) Nourish the embryo
(c) Develop into the mature sperm
(d) Serve as a reservoir for extra DNA
Answer:
(b) Nourish the embryo

Question 29.
Each of the following is a part of a seed except the
(a) Embryo
(b) Endosperm
(c) Seed-coat
(d) Gametophyte
Answer:
(d) Gametophyte

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 30.
The _______ ultimately matures into a fruit
(a) Integument
(b) Ovary
(c) Archegonium
(d) Ovule
Answer:
(b) Ovary

Question 31
Which of the following is a part of the third whorl?
(a) Calyx
(b) Corolla
(c) Petal
(d) Stamen
Answer:
(d) Stamen

Question 32.
Which of the following is formed in the double fertilization and becomes an endosperm?
(a) Synergid cells
(b) Antipodal cells
(c) Primary endosperm nucleus
(d) Triploid (3n) nucleus
Answer:
(d) Triploid (3n) nucleus

Question 33
A pollen grain is a
(a) Immature male gametophyte
(b) Spore
(c) Fruiting body
(d) Mature male gametophyte
Answer:
(a) Immature male gametophyte

Question 34.
In plants, spores are formed by $I$, whereas gametes are formed by 2
(a) I-meiosis, 2-mitosis
(b) I -fission, 2-fusion
(c) I-meiosis, 2-meiosis
(d) I-mitosis, 2-mitosis
Answer:
(a) I-meiosis, 2-mitosis

Question 35.
From life cycle point of view the most important part of a plant is
(a) Flower
(b) Leaf
(c) Stem
(d) Root
Answer:
(a) Flower

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 36.
The main embryo develops from the structure formed as result of fusion of
(a) 2 polar nuclei of embryo sac
(b) Definitive nucleus and male gamete
(c) Egg cell and male gamete
(d) Male gamete and synergids
Answer:
(c) Egg cell and male gamete

Question 37.
The fertilization occurs in
(a) Ovary
(b) Ovule
(c) Embryo sac
(d) Nucleus
Answer:
(c) Embryo sac

Question 38.
The process in which fruit develops without fertilization is called
(a) Parthenogenesis
(b) Parthenocarpy
(c) Viviparous germination
(d) Apomixis
Answer:
(a) Parthenogenesis

Question 39.
The first organ to emerge from the germinating seed is
(a) Radicle
(b) Plumule
(c) Cotyledon
(d) Epicotyl
Answer:
(a) Radicle

Question 40.
A form of asexual reproduction in which new individual grows out as small outgrowth and eventually separates from parent body is called
(a) Forming a spore
(b) Budding
(c) Regeneration
(d) Fission
Answer:
(b) Budding

Question 41.
Reproduction of egg without fertilization by sperm is termed as
(a) Parthenogenesis
(b) Parthenocarpy
(c) Regeneration
(d) Budding
Answer:
(a) Parthenogenesis

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 42.
The technique of producing a genetically identical copy of an organism by replacing the nucleus of an unfertilized ovum with the nucleus of a body cell from the organism is
(a) Budding
(b) Cloning
(c) Parthenocarpy
(d) Fission
Answer:
(b) Cloning

Question 43.
Reproduction is important to avoid
(a) Variation
(b) Chances of survival
(c) Genetic monotony
(d) All A, B and C
Answer:
(c) Genetic monotony

Question 44.
Which of the following cell type is haploid?
(a) Primary spermatocyte
(b) Spermatogonium
(c) Sertoli cell
(d) Secondary spermatocyte
Answer:
(d) Secondary spermatocyte

Question 45.
The animals which lay eggs are called
(a) Oviparous
(b) Viviparous
(c) Dioecious
(d) Neuter
Answer:
(a) Oviparous

Question 46.
In terrestrial conditions which type of fertilization is more common
(a) External
(b) Internal
(c) Self
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Internal

Question 47.
Which of the following is not a unicellular organism ?
(a) Amoeba
(b) Paramecium
(c) Hydra
(d) Yeast
Answer:
(c) Hydra

Question 48.
Which of the following shows budding ?
(a) Yeast
(b) Amoeba
(c) Paramecium
(d) Plasmodium
Answer:
(a) Yeast

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 49.
Which of the following shows multiple fission ?
(a) Hydra
(b) Yeast
(c) Spirogyra
(d) Plasmodium
Answer:
(d) Plasmodium

Question 50.
Which is the most common method of reproduction in majority of fungi and bacteria?
(a) Binary fission
(b) Multiple fission
(c) Budding
(d) Spore formation
Answer:
(d) Spore formation

Question 51.
Which of the following shows spore formation?
(a) Amoeba
(b) Mucor
(c) Plasmodium
(d) Paramecium
Answer:
(b) Mucor

Question 52.
Regeneration is observed in ______.
(a) Amoeba
(b) Planaria
(c) Spirogyra
(d) Yeast
Answer:
(b) Planaria

Question 53.
Which of the following does not show regeneration?
(a) Mucor
(b) Planaria
(c) Sponge
(d) Starfish
Answer:
(a) Mucor

Question 54.
Which of the following is not an artificial method of vegetative propagation?
(a) Cutting
(b) Layering
(c) Grafting
(d) Hybridization
Answer:
(d) Hybridization

Question 55.
Testes produce _______ hormone.
(a) Estrogen
(b) Testosterone
(c) Progesterone
(d) Both estrogen and testosterone
Answer:
(b) Testosterone

Question 56.
Which of the following is not produced in the ovary ?
(a) Ovum
(b) Estrogen
(c) Progesterone
(d) Testosterone
Answer:
(d) Testosterone

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 57.
The main reproductive organ of human male is ______.
(a) a pair of testes
(b) vas deferens
(c) urethra
(d) penis
Answer:
(a) a pair of testes

Question 58.
The main female reproductive organ is _______.
(a) Fallopian tubes
(b) uterus
(c) vagina
(d) a pair of ovaries
Answer:
(d) a pair of ovaries

Question 59.
Which of the following shows budding ?
(a) Hydra
(b) Amoeba
(c) Paramecium
(d) Spirogyra
Answer:
(a) Hydra

Question 60.
Several new individuals are produced
(a) Binary fission
(b) Multiple fission
(c) Both binary fission and multiple fission
(d) Fertilization
Answer:
(b) Multiple fission

Question 61.
In grafting the plant rooted in the soil is called _______.
(a) stock
(b) sucker
(c) scion
(d) rhizome
Answer:
(a) stock

Question 62.
Which of the following plants shows vegetative propagation ?
(a) Wheat
(b) Radish
(c) Sunflower
(d) Bryophyllum
Answer:
(d) Bryophyllum

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 63.
In the process of sexual reproduction ______
(a) only males are needed
(b) both male and female are needed
(c) only females are needed
(d) only mitosis is involved
Answer:
(b) both male and female are needed

Question 64.
The unicellular fungus which shows bud formation is
(a) mucor
(b) yeast
(c) amoeba
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) mucor

Question 65.
The animal which shows regeneration is ______.
(a) amoeba
(b) paramecium
(c) hydra
(d) rhizopus
Answer:
(b) paramecium

Question 66.
The method by which desired characters of two plants can be combined is ______.
(a) cutting
(b) layering
(c) budding
(d) grafting
Answer:
(c) budding

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 67.
Yeast reproduces by _____.
(a) budding
(b) fission
(c) regeneration
(d) spore formation
Answer:
(d) spore formation

Question 68.
A chain of buds is formed in _____.
(a) hydra
(b) yeast
(c) mucor
(d) plasmodium
Answer:
(b) yeast

Question 69.
Vegetative propagation is observed in _____.
(a) yeast
(b) hydra
(c) mucor
(d) bryophyllum
Answer:
(d) bryophyllum

Question 70.
_____ is useful where seeds have long dormancy period and poor germination capacity _____.
(a) Cutting
(b) Layering
(c) Grafting
(d) Regeneration
Answer:
(c) Grafting

Question 71.
_____ is a very useful method for developing garden.
(a) Cutting
(b) Layering
(c) Grafting
(d) Budding
Answer:
(a) Cutting

Very Short Answer Type Questions : 1 Mark

Question 1.
Name any two types of asexual reproduction.
Answer:
Budding, Fragmentation.

Question 2.
Name the process by which ovam gives rise to plant without fertilization.
Answer:
Parthenogenesis.

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 3.
Adventitious root is seen in which plant?
Answer:
Ipomea sp.(sweet potato).

Question 4.
In which plant leaf buds are seen?
Answer:
Bryophyllum.

Question 5.
Name two process for artificial vegetative reproduction.
Answer:
Cutting, Grafting.

Question 6.
What is callus?
Answer:
In case cell culture, from callus organ (eg. root, stem), tiny plant is developed.

Question 7.
Name the phases of alternation of generation.
Answer:
It consists of two phases-gametophyte and sporophyte.

Question 8.
Name the different types of floral leaves.
Answer:
Floral leaves are of four types: Calyx, Corolla, androecium and gynoecium.

Question 9.
Name the rooted plant and cutting branch in case of grafting.
Answer:
Rooted plant is known as stalk and cutting branch is known as scion.

Question 10.
Give example of plants which show reproduction through spore formation and fragmentation.
Answer:
Spore formation : moss, fern,
Fragmentation : Spirogyra.

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 11.
What is reproduction?
Answer:
Reproduction: It is the ability of an organism to produce the young ones of its own kind.

Question 12.
What is the role of reproduction?
Answer:
i. Propagation of species
ii. Evolution of species.

Question 13.
Name the two major kinds of reproduction.
Answer:
i. Asexual reproduction and
ii. Sexual reproduction.

Question 14.
Name the various methods of vegetative propagation in plants.
Answer:

  1. Cutting
  2. Layering
  3. Grafting.

Question 15.
Name common method for vegetative propagation of Rose and Sugarcane.
Answer:
Cutting.

Question 16.
How do Spirogyra and Mucor reproduce asexually?
Answer:
Spirogyra-Fragmentation and Regeneration; Mucor – Spore formation.

Question 17.
Name the mode of vegetative propagation in (i) Begonia (ii) Mint.
Answer:
(i) Begonia – Leaf buds (ii) Mint – Runners.

Question 18.
How do yeast, sponges and hydra reproduce asexually?
Answer:
All the three reproduce by budding.

Question 19.
Which part of Bryophyllum can be used for vegetative propagation?
Answer:
Leaf of Bryophyllum.

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 20.
Give one example of each : Vegetative propagation by (i) root (ii) stem.
Answer:
i. Vegetative propagation by roots, e.g.-Sweet potato.
ii. Vegetative propagation by stem, e.g.-Potato.

Question 21.
List two advantages of vegetative propagation.
Answer:
Advantages of vegetative propagation-
i. It is usually a means of propagating such plants which do not produce viable seeds.
ii. It is rapid method of producing young ones.

Question 22.
What is pollination?
Answer:
Pollination: It is the transference of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower.

Question 23.
What term is used if the pollen is transferred to the stigma of same flower?
Answer:
Self-pollination.

Question 24.
Where are pollens and ovules present in flower?
Answer:
i. Pollens – Anther lobes
ii. Ovules – Ovary.

Question 25.
Which floral part is very attractive and coloured?
Answer:
Petal.

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 26.
What is fruit?
Answer:
A ripened ovary.

Question 27.
What is reproduction ?
Answer:
The process by which the organisms produce new organisms similar to them is known as reproduction.

Question 28.
Why is reproduction essential ?
Answer:
Reproduction is essential for the perpetuation of species and thereby life. 29. Mention the types of reproduction.
Answer: Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction are the two types of reproduction.

Question 30.
What is asexual reproduction ?
Answer:
Asexual reproduction is the method of reproduction involving only a single individual (organism),i.e. only one organism is needed for reproduction.

Question 31.
Mention different types of asexual reproduction.
Answer:

  1. Fission
  2. Budding
  3. Spore Formation
  4. Regeneration
  5. Vegetative propagation etc. are the types of asexual reproduction.

Question 32.
Mention two types of reproduction by fission.
Answer:
Binary fission and multiple fission are the two types of fission.

Question 33.
What is binary fission?
Answer:
When two independent adult organisms are formed after the division of the nucleus and the cytoplasm of one (mother) cell into two (daughter) cells, the process of reproduction is called binary fission.

Question 34.
Give examples of organisms showing binary fission.
Answer:
Amoeba and Paramecium show binary fission.

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 35.
What is multiple fission ?
Answer:
When the nucleus of one (mother) cell divides several times into many (daughter) nuclei, each forming an individual organism, the process is called multiple fission.

Question 36.
Give examples of organism showing multiple fission.
Answer:
Plasmodium and Amoeba show multiple fission.

Question 37.
What is budding ?
Answer:
Budding is a process of reproduction in which a small protuberance (bud) appearing on an adult cell gradually grows bigger and then behaves as an independent organism after being detached from the (mother) cell.

Question 38.
Give examples of organism showing budding.
Answer:
Yeast and Hydra show budding.

Question 39.
What is the similarity between Hydra and Yeast ?
Answer:
Both Hydra and Yeast exhibit budding as the method of reproduction.

Question 40.
Mention some organisms showing spore formation.
Answer:
Mucor, Rhizopus and Penicillium show spore formation.

Question 41.
What is sporangium ?
Answer:
Sporangium is a structure developing from fungal hypha and it contains a nucleus (spore) which divides several times forming a large number of spores which develop into new hyphae after falling on the ground.

Question 42.
What is regeneration?
Answer:
The ability of an organism to replace the lost parts of its body is called regeneration.

Question 43.
What is fragmentation ?
Answer:
When an organism breaks into two or more pieces after being mature and then each piece grows as an individual organism, the process is known and fragmentation.

Question 44.
Give examples of organism showing fragmentation.
Answer:
Oscillatoria and spirogyra show fragmentation.

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 45.
What is vegetative propagation ?
Answer:
Vegetative propagation is a method of reproduction in which a new plant developes from a part of a root, stem or leaf.

Question 46.
Give examples of plant showing vegetative propagation.
Answer:
Potato, sweet potato, Bryophyllum etc. show vegetative propagation.

Question 47.
Mention the name of artificial methods of vegetative propagation.
Answer:
Cutting, layering, grafting etc. are artificial methods of vegetative propagation.

Question 48.
Give examples of some plants in which cutting is used as a method of vegetative propagation.
Answer:
Cutting is used as a method of vegetative propagation for sugarcane, grapes, rose, phalsa etc.

Question 49.
Give examples of some plants in which layering is used as a method of vegetative propagation.
Answer:
layering is used as a method of vegetative propagation for lemon, guava, Hibiscus, jasmine, bougainvillaea, eie.

Question 50.
What is grafting ?
Answer:
Grafting is a method of vegetative propagation in which two parts of two different plants are joined together in a specific manner so that they unite to grow as one plant.

Question 51.
What is ‘scion’?
Answer:
The portion of the plant which is grafted on other plant is called scion.

Question 52.
What is ‘stock’?
Answer:
The plant on which grafting is performed is called stock.

WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Solutions Chapter 2B Reproduction

Question 53.
In what circumstances is grafting a better method ?
Answer:
Grafting is a better method for plants where seeds are having long dormancy period and poor germination capacity.

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