Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 10 Life Science Book Solutions Chapter 1E Locomotion as a Type of Response in Animals offer valuable context and analysis.
WBBSE Class 10 Life Science Chapter 1E Question Answer – Locomotion as a Type of Response in Animals
Short Answer Type Questions : 2 Marks
Question 1.
What are the roles of fins in locomotion of fishes?
Answer:
The main function of fins are to maintain stability and to change the direction during swimming of fishes. The dorsal and anal fins prevent the fishes from rolling and caudal fins helps to change the direction by action or rudder during swimming.
Question 2.
What are the motivations behind animal locomotion?
Answer:
The motivations behind animal locomotion are to find food, a mate, a suitable microhabitat and to escape form predators.
Question 3.
Name the different components of diarthroses?
Answer:
The different components of diarthroses are :
i. Hinge joint.
ii. Ball and Socket joint.
Question 4.
What are hinge joints?
Answer:
Hinge joints allow movement in one plane only. It helps to the parts in all sides.
Question 5.
What are abduction and adduction?
Answer:
Abduction : The process which move parts of the body away from the central axis of the body is called abduction.
Adduction : It refers to a motion that pulls a structure or part towards the midline of the body.
Question 6.
What are the different types of rotational movement?
Answer:
The different types of rotational movement : (i) Medial rotation (ii) Lateral rotation.
Question 7.
What is meant by flexion and extension?
Answer:
Flexion : The process by which joint flexure occurs is called flexion.
Extension : The process by which joints are extended is known as extension.
Long Answer Type Questions : 5 Marks
Question 1.
What are the different type of movements exhibited by the cells of human body?
Answer:
Cells of the human body exhibit three main types of movements, namely, amoeboid, ciliary and muscular.
Amoeboid movement : Some specialised cells in our body like macrophages and leucocytes in blood exhibit amoeboid movement. It is effected by pseudopodia formed by the streaming of protoplasm (as in Amoeba). Cytoskeletal elements like microfilaments are also involved in amoeboid movement.
Ciliary Movement : Ciliary movement occurs in most of our internal tubular organs which are lined by ciliated epithelium. The coordinated movements of cilia in the trachea help us in removing dust particles and some of the foreign substances inhaled along with the atmospheric air. Passage of ova through the female reproductive tract is also facilitated by the ciliary movement.
Muscular Movement : Movement of our limbs, jaws, tongue etc require muscular movement. The contractile property of muscles are effectively used for locomotion and other movements by human beings and majority of multicellular organisms. Locomotion requires a perfect coordinated activity of muscular, skeletal and neural systems.
Question 2.
How do you distinguish between a skeletal muscle and a cardiac muscle?
Answer:
Both cardiac and skeletal muscles are striated. Cardiac and skeletal muscles are ‘striated’ in that they contain sarcomeres and are packed into highly-regular arrangements of bundles. While skeletal muscles are arranged in regular, parallel bundles, cardiac muscle connects at branching irregular angles (called intercalated discs). Striated muscle contracts and relaxes in short, intense bursts, whereas smooth muscle sustains longer or even near-permanent contractions.
Multiple Choice Questions : 1 Mark
Question 1.
Skeletal muscle fibre is
(a) multinucleated
(b) uninucleated
(c) binucleated
(d) anucleated
Answer:
(a) multinucleated
Question 2.
Muscle of heart is known as
(a) striated
(b) cardiac
(c) voluntary
(d) non striated
Answer:
(b) cardiac
Question 3.
The number of bones in the appendicular skeleton is
(a) 206
(b) 80
(c) 120
(d) 126
Answer:
(d) 126
Question 4.
Total number of bones in man
(a) 206
(b) 205
(c) 204
(d) 201
Answer:
(a) 206
Question 5.
Number of verterae in man is
(a) 32
(b) 33
(c) 26
(d) 28
Answer:
(c) 26
Question 6.
Alternative source of energy for muscle contraction is
(a) ATP
(b) creatine phosphate
(c) glycolysis
(d) all of these
Answer:
(c) glycolysis
Question 7.
Muscles are connected to the bones by
(a) ligament
(b) tendons
(c) cartilage
(d) bone
Answer:
(b) tendons
Question 8.
Where do you find osteocytes
(a) cartilage
(b) blood
(c) bone
(d) liver
Answer:
(c) bone
Question 9.
Which of the following is a freely movable joint?
(a) ball and socket
(b) fibrous joint
(c) cartilaginous joint
(d) both a and b
Answer:
(a) ball and socket
Question 10.
Elbow joint is a
(a) saddle joint
(b) ball and socket joint
(c) pivot joint
(d) hinge joint
Answer:
(d) hinge joint
Very Short Answer Type Questions : 1 Mark
Question 1.
What are the main functions of the skeletal system?
Answer:
Functions of the skeletal system are as follows :
- It gives shape and provides supports to the body.
- It forms the framework of the body.
- It protects some internal organs.
Question 2.
Name the various organs of the skeletal system.
Answer:
Various organs of the skeletal system are : skull, vertebral column, rib cage, bones in arms and legs, shoulder bone and hip bone.
Question 3.
Give an example of pivot joint in the human body.
Answer:
The joint between skull and the first vertebrae.
Question 4.
What is slithering movement?
Answer:
Movement of a snake is called slithering movement.
Question 5.
How many vertebrae are found in the human backbone?
Answer:
There are 33 vertebrae in the human backbone.
Question 6.
How many ribs are found in the rib cage of humans?
Answer:
There are 12 pairs of ribs in the rib cage of humans.
Question 7.
How does a snake move?
Answer:
A snake moves by making loops on its sides.
Question 8.
How does a fish swim in water?
Answer:
When a fish swims, its front part curves to one side and the tail part stays in the opposite direction. In the next move, the front part curves to the opposite side and the tail part also changes its position to another side. The tail fin helps in changing direction.
Question 9.
How does the snail move?
Answer:
A snail moves using its muscular foot.
Question 10.
How many bones are found in the human skeletal system?
Answer:
There are 206 bones in the human skeleton.
Question 11.
Name the type of joint between the following :
(a) atlas/axis
(b) carpal/metacarpal of thumb
(c) between phalanges.
(d) femur/acetabulum
(e) between cranial bones
(f) between pubic bones in the pelvic girdle
Answer:
(a) Pivot joint
(b) Saddle joint
(c) Gliding joint
(d) Ball and socket joint
(e) Fibrous joint
(f) Cartilaginous joint.
Question 12.
The surface area of wings is increased bird by the help of
Answer:
Remiges.
Question 13.
Which gland is situated in kidney?
Answer:
Adrenal gland.
Question 14.
The name of the locomotary organ of Amoeba is ________.
Answer:
Pseudopodia.
Question 15.
Bipedal locomotion is found in
Answer:
Man.
Question 16.
Triceps help in ______.
Answer:
Extension.
Question 17.
What is a ball and socket joint?
Answer:
In this joint the rounded end of one bone fits into the cavity (hollow space) of another bone. It permits movements in all directions.
Question 18.
Which of the skull bones are movable?
Answer:
Lower jaw bone or mandible is the only movable bone in the skull.
Question 19.
Why can our elbow not move backwards?
Answer:
Elbow joint is composed of hinge joint. These joints allow movement in one plane and up to 180° only. Hence, we cannot move our elbows backwards.
Question 20.
What is the nature of hip joint?
Answer:
In this joint rounded head of a bone lies within the cuplike groove of another bone.
Question 21.
What are the movement pattern in human legs?
Answer: Rotation.
Question 22.
What are the different locomotory organs of Protozoa?
Answer:
Flagellum, cilium, pseudopodium.
Question 23.
How locomotion differs from movement?
Answer:
Locomotion | Movement |
i. It takes place at organism level | i. It takes place at any biological level from cellular to organisms. |
ii. It is found mainly in animals | ii. It is found mainly in Plants. |
Question 24.
What is ciliary movement?
Answer:
The animal body is covered by cilia. The effective and recovery movements of cilia help the animal to take ciliary movement. e.g. Paramecium sp.
Question 25.
What is the nature of myotomes?
Answer:
It helps in contraction and relaxation of antagonistic muscles of fish.
Question 26.
What is bipedalism?
Answer:
It involves in movement of two feet.
Question 27.
What is arthrology?
Answer:
It is the study of science that deals with the study of joints.
Question 28.
What are diarthrosis joint?
Answer:
The joints that have a space between the adjoining bones are called diarthrosis joints.
Question 29.
What is locomotion?
Answer: The process by means of which the living organism can change their position wholly from one place to another in response to stimuli is known as locomotion.
Question 30.
Name the locomotory organ of Euglena?
Answer:
Flagella
Question 31.
Give one example of ‘Ball and Socket’ joint?
Answer:
Hip joint.
Question 32.
What is abduction?
Answer:
The process which moves parts of the body away from the central axis of the body is called abduction.
Question 33.
What are the locomotory organ of Amoeba?
Answer:
Pseudopodia.
Question 34.
Name the locomotory organ of Paramecium?
Answer: Cilia.
Question 35.
State the name of locomotory muscles of fish?
Answer:
Myotomes.
Question 36.
What is the other name for tail fin?
Answer:
Caudal fin.
Question 37.
Name the wing feathers of bird.
Answer: Remiges.
Question 38.
What is the other name for studing joint?
Answer:
Arthrology.
Question 39.
What is the nature of knee joint?
Answer:
In this joint, ends of two bones remain arranged like hinge.
Question 40.
Pseudopodia is the locomotory structure of
Answer:
Ameoba.
Question 41.
Synovial joints are ______.
Answer:
Freely movable.
Question 42.
Moving away from the midline is ______.
Answer:
Abduction.
Question 43.
Cilia is the locomotary organ of ______.
Answer:
Paramecium.
Question 44.
Myotomes are the locomotory organ of ______.
Answer:
Fish.
Question 45.
Rectrices in bird are located in
Answer:
Tail feather.
Question 46.
The semicircular canals are located in
Answer:
Ear.
Question 44.
The synovial joints are also called
Answer:
Diarthroser.
Question 48.
The elbow joint is
Answer:
Elbow.
Question 49.
Adduction and Abduction is a common phenomenon found in ______.
Answer:
Leg.
Question 50.
What is articular cartilage?
Answer:
A layer of haylne cartilage is called articular cartilage.
Question 51.
What are synovial joints?
Answer:
Synovial joints are the only joints that have a space between the adjoining bones. These are freely movable joints mostly present between the limb bones.
Fill in the blanks :
Question 1.
Joints of the bone help in the ______ of the body.
Answer:
Movement
Question 2.
A combination of bones and cartilages forms the ______ of the body.
Answer:
Skeleton
Question 3.
The bones at the elbow are joined by a ______ joint.
Answer:
Hinge joint.
Question 4.
The contraction of the pulls the bones during movements.
Answer:
Muscles.
True or False :
Question 5.
The movement and locomotion of all animals is exactly the same.
Answer:
False
Question 6.
The cartilages are harder than bones.
Answer:
False
Question 7.
The finger bones do not have joints.
Answer:
False
Question 8.
The forearm has two bones.
Answer:
True
Question 9.
Cockroaches have an outer skeleton.
Answer:
True
Question 10.
Match the items in coloumn I with items of column II.
Column I | Column II |
Upper jaw | Have fins on the body |
Fishes | Has outer skeleton |
Ribs | Is an immovable joint |
Snail | Protect the heart |
Cockroach | Shows very slow movement. |
Answer:
Column I | Column II |
Upper jaw | Is an immovable joint |
Fishes | Have fins on the body |
Ribs | Protect the heart |
Snail | Shows very slow movement. |
Cockroach | Has outer skeleton |