Prasanna

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 History Book Solutions Chapter 8 From Communalism to the Partition offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 History Chapter 8 Question Answer – From Communalism to the Partition

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct alternatives:

a. English became the official language in ealonial India, replacing persian in __________ (1847/1837/1850)
Answer:
1837.

b. The modernisation altempt of Indian Muslim Society was started by __________ (Muhammad Ali Jinnah/Moulana Abul Kalam Azad/Sir Syed Ahmed khan)
Answer:
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.

c. The leader of peasant people’s party was __________ (A. K. Fazlul Haque/Muhammad Ali Jinnah/Jawharlal Nehru)
Answer:
A. K. Fazlul Haque.

d. The Sovereign state of Pakistan was born on __________ (15th August,1947/14th August, 1947/26th January, 1947)
Answer:
14th August 1947.

2. Identify the wrong statements:

a. In nineteenth century the Muslims were back with regard in education, employment ect in comparison to the Hindus.
Answer:
Right.

b. Hindu revivalist movement influenced Ilind-Muslim relation in India.
Answer:
Right.

c. Mahatma gandhi did not support the Khilafat Movement.
Answer:
Wrong.

d. The Pakistan proposal came up in the Lahore session (1940)
Answer:
Right.

3. Answer briefly (30-40 words)

Question a.
What was the objective of Aligarh movement?
Answer:
Sir sayed Ahmed Khan realised that religious superstition and hate to the Western Education were the main causes of the backwordness of Muslims. He put effort to spread education among the Muslims. He founded Anglo Oriental Collage in Aligarh. He translated many English books in Urdu. He also founded Scientific Society.

Question b.
Te what extant was the Hindu-Muslim relationship in Bengal influenced by the Swadeshi Movement?
Answer:
The leaders of the swadeshi movement had made prominent the social discrimination between Hindus and Muslims by using the religious symbol in politics. The Muslim leaders complained that the Hindus were given priority. So the identification of Hindu or Muslim tucame prominent than the identification of Bengalees. During the Swadesi movement poor people were given pressure to boycatt foreign clothes. As the result the movement against partition of Bengal turned into the division between Hindu and Muslim.

Question c.
Why did the Indian Muslims start Khilafat movement?
Answer:
Indian Muslims respected the Sultan of Turk as their Khalifat. They had religious layalty to the Khalifa. In first World War the Khalifa of Turk took the side of germany. After the world War Turk was divided for the offence of taking side against Britain. A movemen was stated all over the world including India against the humiliation of Khalifa and to restore his position.

Question d.
Why is the year 1930 important with respect to Hindu Muslim relations?
Answer:
In 1930 Muhammad Ikbal, the President of Muslim legue, and Rahaman Ali, the student of cambridge Univercity demanded for seperate land for Muslims. There world be Punjab, North west Fronteer, Beluchistan and Kashmir in this land. Rahamat Ali mentioned the word ‘Pakistan’. This year of 1930 is important for communalism.

4. Write in your own words. (120-160)

Question a.
Discuss on Sir Sayed Ahmed Khan’s achievements in taking Muslim society to the path of modernisation.
Answer:
Sir Sayed Ahmed Khan realised that the main causes of the backwardness of Muslim society are the religious superstition and hatred against western education. He understood that without western eductation Muslims could not occupy the equal position in the society and the job facilities and the other facities would remain centralised in Hindu’s grip. So he put effort to spread western education and culture among Muslims. He established an English school at Gajipur and published a magazine. He also founded Scientific Society.

His most significant work for the development of Muslim Society was establishing Anglo oriental college. It was one of his best deed. In this college arts, and science were tought by the medium of English language with the help of British professors. The Aligarh movement was grown on the basis of Aligarh college. This movement increased the political consciousness among Muslims, Sir Sayed Ahmed tried to remove the superstition and ignorance of the Muslims by reasoning. He opposed polygamy, parda syatem and tallak system.

Question b.
How was the Hindu revivalist movement born in the nineteenth century? What was the effect of such movements in creating communal mentality,
Answer:
At the first phase the congress leaders decided not to adopt any proposal that was contrary to Muslim interest. But the Hindu cultural revival movement captured the nation of Hindu race by using the stories of Hindu scripture and Hindu symbols. The Hindu revivalists considered that Hindu and India are equal. In one hand, they put blame to the Muslim emperors for the declining of the civilisation, on the other hand they did not support the werstern reasoning and free thinking. The revivalists did not agree with the western nationalist position of the Hindu reformists.

According to them the liberal reformers and British rule was an obstacle to the revivalists in forming of Hindu nationalist state. Most of the revolutionery nationalist claimed Hindu religion and Hindus to be national culture and same as the Indian race. Taking of a revolutionary by putting a hand on the gita, Shivaji and Ganapati festival, Arabinda’s hymn to Mother India and view of nationalism as a religion can be mentioned.

For the trend to the Hinduism in national movement many edusated Muslims kept themselves away from the national movement. To keep ther communal existence they became orthodox with the help of ambitious political leader and the ulema new political organisation for Muslim was grown.

Question c.
How were the Muslim leaders alienated from the Congress after the non-violent, non co-operation movement?
Answer:
The leaders of Swadeshi movement created social contradictory between Hindi and Muslim by using religious symbol of Hindu in politics. Besides for their various behaviour anti partition movement of Bengal turned into Hindu-Muslim conflict. After that, British Government created some opportunities before educated Muslims. To get opportunity in case of education job and politics the Muslims of Bengal and North India becameunited together. In the Mahamedan Education conference of 1906 at Dhaka there was a demand of establishing a seperate organisation for Muslims.

In this conference All India Muslim League was formed. This organisation started working to keep a watch over Muslims interest and political rights. Their objective was to show loyalty to the British Government. The Muslims who are the supporter of Congress, opposed this foundation of Muslim league. But it did not affect much. Slowly the influence of Muslim League started spreading in different provinces of India.

Question d.
How did the partition of India became imminent between 1940-1947? Do you think partition of India was unavoidable? Give reason for your answer.
Answer:
Mahammad Ali Jinnah presided over the Lahore session of Mulslim league in 1940. In this session a seperate state for a seperate race was demanded. But the name ‘Pakistan’ for seperate state was not mentioned. The resolution was drafted by Sikkandar Hayat Khan and the resolution was arisen by Fazlul Haque. The resolution for seperate state is known as Pakistan resolution.

In 1940 Lord Linlithgow promised the Muslim that if there would occur an understanding between India and British, Muslims would be given full protection. Congress and Muslim League both refused the proposal of Cripps Mission in 1942. In the same year Muslim League opposed the Quit India Movement when the maximum Congress leaders were in Jail the Muslim leaders largely propagated the idea of Pakistan the seperate state for Muslims. It was said that to support the league was to support the Islam. Many newspaper controlled by Muslims supported the demand of Pakistan.

In 1944 Congressed leader C. Rajagopalachari presented a proposal of a pact to Jinnah but it was refused as it did not contain direct-recoginition of Pakistan. Next year in the Simla session League demanded it as the representation of all Muslims of India. Congress protested against the claim. The meeting was dismissed. The supports for the demand of ‘Pakistan’ rapidly increasing. Mainly the professioinals and the merchants became active. To them Pakistan means to end of compitition with Hindus. The support of pirs and Ulema also added with it.

Incidentally India was going to be devided. Muslim was firm in their demand of Pakistan. They were not agree to admit the dominance of Congress. They started movement for ‘Pakistan’. Riot between Hindu-Muslim prevailed and it was continuing. To get rid of it the eminent leaders of Congress and Muslim League found no way except the partition of India. The planned draft of the proposal of Lord Mountbatten was admitted by both Congress and Muslim League.

5. Imagine and write (written 200 words)

Question a.
Suppose you learnt of the partition of India on 14th August 1947. Now you have to leave your home and go else where. Write in your won words what would be your reaction in such situation.
Answer:
On 14th August 1947 I have come to know that India has devided into two partsIndia and Pakistan. It is a bolt from a blue that we have to go another place leaving our own home or homeland. The land the house which were once only owns have to be left by the dicission of the leaders. The neighbours who were our own now they have to be left also. We do not think of it even in dream.

Where shall we go, where shall we like. What shall we eat what will be the means of earning? Who will give the answer of such question? That means we have enlisted our name as refuges. Not only us, many people are in same state like us. Some one suddenly has taken off our roof, our shelter. The persons who are responsible to devide our country could not understand our condition, our pain. But when we must have to go, we have to pack now. Everyone has started preperation. We have to short our journey towards uncertainty.

Class 8 History Chapter 8 Question Answer West Bengal Board – From Communalism to the Partition

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers :

Question 1.
Towards the end of nineteenth century in Bengal and Punjab Muslim population among total population was-
i) one fourth
ii) half
iii) seventy five
Answer:
ii) half

Question 2.
After 1870 there was a change in British policy-
i) to make the national movement weak
ii) to make the congress weak
iii) to make Muslim league weak
Answer:
i) to make the national movement weak

Question 3.
English replaced Persianas the official language in-
i) 1830
ii) 1833
iii) 1823
iv) 1837
Answer:
iv) 1837

Question 4.
After the death of Sir Sayyid Ahmed teh importance of Aligarh-
i) increases
ii) remain same
iii) decreases
Answer:
iii) decreases

Question 5.
Congress and muslim League members meet In December 1918 at –
i) Aligarh
ii) Lahore
iii) Bombay
iv) Delhi
Answer:
iv) Delhi

Question 6.
After the withdrwal of non-cooperation movement, Khilafat movement –
i) started
ii) lost its importance
iii) became active
Answer:
ii) lost its importance

Question 7.
The Khalifa’s post wes abolished in-
i) 1924
ii) 1929
iii) 1919
iv) 1900
Answer:
i) 1924

Question 8.
British Prime Minister Ramsey Macdonald announced the communal divide
i) 1930
ii) 1932
iii) 1935
iv) 1922
Answer:
ii) 1932

Question 9.
League and Congress met in Simla under Lord Wavell’s leadership in –
i) 1946
ii) 1944
iii) 1945
iv) 1941
Answer:
iii) 1945

Question 10.
A. K. Fazlul Huq’s Krishak Prala Party spoke for-
i) Muslim low caste peasants
ii) Hindu low caste peasants
iii) Hindu and Muslim low caste peasants
Answer:
iii) Hindu and Muslim low caste peasants

State whether True or False:

1. The Extremist politics did not appeal to the Muslims.
Answer:
True

2. In 1830 English replaced Persian as the official language.
Answer:
False.

3. Sir Sayyid Ahmed died in 1898.
Answer:
True.

4. The Mohammedan Education Conference was held in 1906.
Answer:
True.

5. The Ulema likede Sir Sayyid’s idea of westernisation.
Answer:
False.

6. Shaukat Ali was deeply influenced by the Ulema.
Answer:
True.

7. All India Muslim League was founded solely for Muslims and Hindus.
Answer:
False.

8. Sir Sayyid was in favour of creating communal disharmony between the two communities.
Answer:
False.

9. Sir Sayyid wanted the aristocratic and educated Muslims to be self-reliant.
Answer:
True.

10. Britain occupied a lafge part of the Ottonan empire.
Answer:
True.

Fill in the blanks :

1. The Hindu cultural revival movement gave birth to political ______.
Answer:
Extremism.

2. The Khilafatist leaders were not wholly in favour of Gandhi’s ______ policy.
Answer:
non-violent.

3. In bengal, the Hindu bhadralok held a ______ and slighting attitude towards the Muslims.
Answer:
negative.

4. Sayyid Ahmed ______ the Muslims not to join the Congress.
Answer:
nstructed.

5. Badruddin Tyabji joined the ______.
Answer:
Congress.

6. In the Lahore session of the Muslim League, Muslims were formally announced to be a seperate ______.
Answer:
race.

7. The activities of conservative leaders like Madanmohan Malaviya, further distanced the Muslim ______ from the Congress.
Answer:
community.

8. Muhammed Ali Jinnah was ______ of the muslim League’s Lahore Session.
Answer:
president.

9. In the Simla session(1945), the League declared itself to be the ______ of all Indtain Muslim.
Answer:
representative.

10. After a lot of considerations, The League and Congress finally accepted Lord Mountbatten’s ______ plan in June 1947.
Answer:
partition.

Match the column A with column B.

A	B
1) Sir Sayyid Ahmed died	a) met at Delhi
2) Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan	b) Muslim Lesgue
3) All India Muslim League	c) British prime minister
4) In 1918 Congress and Muslim League	d) in 1924
5) Lahore session (1940)	e) Aligarh movement
6) Ramsay Macdonald	f) Krishak Praja Party
7) Caliph’s post abolished	g) in 1898
8) A. K. Fazlul Haq	h) founded for Muslims

Answer:

A	B
1) Sir Sayyid Ahmed died	a) in 1898
2) Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan	b) Aligarh movement
3) All India Muslim League	c) founded for Muslims
4) In 1918 Congress and Muslim League	d) met at Delhi
5) Lahore session (1940)	e) Muslim Lesgue
6) Ramsay Macdonald	f) British prime minister
7) Caliph’s post abolished	g) in 1924
8) A. K. Fazlul Haq	h) Krishak Praja Party

Answer in a sentence :

Question 1.
Who propagated that Muslims are alike and they form a religious community?
Answer:
Colonial government propagated that Muslims are alike and they form a religious community.

Question 2.
Who was the creator of Aligarh movement?
Answer:
Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan was the creator of Aligarh movement.

Question 3.
Who tried to promote enthusiasm among Muslim students?
Answer:
Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan tried to promote enthusiasm among Muslim students.

Question 4.
For whom All India Muslim League was formed?
Answer:
All India Muslim League was formed solely for Muslims.

Question 5.
Who instructed the Muslims not to join the Congress?
Answer:
Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan instructed the Muslims not to join the Congress.

Question 6.
What happened after the death of Sir Sayyid Ahmed?
Answer:
Aligarh lost its importance as a center of Muslim politics.

Question 7.
Who did not asupport Sayyid Ahmed’s idea of westernisation?
Answer:
The Ulema did not asupport Sayyid Ahmed’s idea of westernisation.

Question 8.
In Devember 1918 who met at Delhi?
Answer:
In Devember 1918 Congress and Muslim League leaders met at Delhi.

Question 9.
Who and when occupied a large part of Ottoman empire?
Answer:
After first world war Britain occupied a large part of Ottoman empire.

Question 10.
When was the election to the provincial assembly held?
Answer:
In 1937 the election to the provincial assembly was held.

Question 11.
Who is Muhammad Iqbal?
Answer:
Muhammad Iqbal is a famous poet.

Question 12.
‘Sare jahanse achcha, Hindusthan hamara,’-Who wrote this?
Answer:
Muhammad lqbal wrote this.

Question 13.
When was Lahore session of Muslim League held?
Answer:
Lahore session of Muslim League was held in 1940.

Question 14.
Who formed ‘Krishak Praja Party’?
Answer:
Fazlul Huq formed ‘Krishak Praja Party’.

Question 15.
What darkened the Indian dreedom?
Answer:
Vicious riot and homeless life darkened the Indian dreedom.

Answer in brief :

Question 1.
Write a short note on Communal idea behind population census.
Answer:
The strength and status of different communities within India’s total population becane clear through population count. It was understood that haif the population of Bengal and Punjab were Muslims. The colonial government while conducting census had assumed that the individual’s racial and religious identity was most important. Through the census, assessment was made of each community on the basis of religion. Thus in colonial India, communal and racial identities gained predominance. The conflict thus started, evolved into a social and political problem through the rise of communal politics.

Question 2.
Write a short note on Pakisthan Proposal.
Answer:
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was president of the Muslim League’s Lahore session (1940). In this session a demand came up for Muslims to be declared a separate race and given a self-ruled state. Cambridge University student Rahmat Ali spoke of a state called ‘Pakistan’ in 1933-34. This name was not contained in the proposal for a separate state presented at the Lahore session, Sikadar Hayat Khan took an active part in preparing the draft. Fazlul Haque presented it. This proposal accepted by the Muslim League at the Lahore session. It is known as Pakistan proposal.

Question 2.
What was the main purpose of Aligarh Movement?
Answer:
Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan wanted to promote liberalism in muslim society by mingling Isłamic theology with western scientific knowledge. He was against creating communal disharmony betwssn the two communities. He wanted the aristocratic and educated Muslims to be self-reliant.At Aligarh Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College, western philophy happily coexisted with Islamic theology in the curriculam. He was not anti-national. After the death of Sir Sayyid Aligarh Movement began to lose its importance.

Question 3.
Write a short note on Muslim Lesgue?
Answer:
The educated Muslims of united Bengal and north India united ivith a view to participating in education, job and politics. The Mohammedan Education Conference was held in 1906. The need for a separate organisation for Muslims was emphasised. In the same session All India Muslim League was founded solely for Muslims. The aim of the League was to keep a watch over Muslim interest and political rights. The Muslim League aimed to show loyalty to the British.

Question 4.
Write a short note on Muhammad Iqbal.
Answer:
Muhammad Iqbal is a famous poet of modern India. Through his poems he deeply stirred the religious and philosophical ideas of the young generation. Iqbal was a humanist who believed that good work gives peace and eternal life to human beings. He believed it was a sin to accept the domination of rituals. Iqbal wrote many patriotic poems such as ‘Sare jahan se achcha, Hindusthan hamara’. Towards the end he too advocated a separate state for the Muslims.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 History Book Solutions Chapter 7 Nationalist Ideals and Their Evolution offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 History Chapter 7 Question Answer – Nationalist Ideals and Their Evolution

Think and Find –

1. Match the staiements below with their appropriate explanation :

Question a.
Statement : Gandhi was opposed to Western ideals.
Explantion 1: Gandhi was a conservative person.
Explanation 2: Gandhi thought Western ideals were a hindrance to attaining Swaraj.
Expanation 3: Gandhi wanted the people of India to lead a simple life.
Answer:
Gandhi wanted the people of India to lead a simple life.

Question b.
Statement : Rowlatt Act came up in 1919.
Explanation-1: To decrease Gandhi’s influence in Indian politics.
Explanation-2 : To supress anti-Brisith discontent and revolutionary activities.
Explanation-3 : To give constitutional benefits to the Indians.
Answer:
To suppress anti-British discontent and revolutionary activites.

Question c.
Statement : Gandhi supported Khilafat movement.
Explanation-1 : To ensure Muslim cooperation and participation in nationalist movement.
Explanation-2 : To show symphally to the Sultan of Turkey.
Explanation-3 : To make strong demands for the improvement of Muslim Society.
Answer:
To ensure Muslim Co-operation and participation in nationalist movement.

Question d.
Statement: Indians opposed Simon commission.
Explanation-1 : Indians did not like Sir John Simon.
Explanation-2 : Sir John Simon was opposed to Indians.
Explanation-3: Simon commission had no Indian representatives.
Answer:
Simon commission had no Indian representatives.

Question e.
Statements : Subhas Chandra Bose took charge of Azad Hind Fauz.
Explanation-1 : To fulfill Rashbehari Bose’s request.
Explanation-2 : To attack British occupied Indian region with the help of Azad Hind Fouz.
Explanation-3 : To help Japanese Government.
Answer:
To fulfill Rashbihari Bose’s request.

2. Match Column A with B :

A	B
Champaran in Bihar	Chittoranjan Das
Swarajya Party	Corridor war
Binay-Badal-Dinesh	Lahore conspiracy case
Bhagat Sing	Peasant movement
Pattavi Sitaramaiya	Tripura Congress

Answer:

A	B
Champaran in Bihar	Peasant movement
Swarajya Party	Chittaranjan Das
Binay-Badal-Dinesh	Corridor war
Bhagat Sing	Lahore conspiracy case
Pattavi Sitaramaiya	Tripura Congress

3. Answer in brief (30-40 wards)

Question a.
What effect did the movement in South Africa had on Gandhi’s political life?
Answer:
Gandhiji started his political carier at South Africa. Gandhiji organised a no-violent Satyagraha movement against South African Government for ruthless torturs over the Indian businessmen and labour who were the residents of South Africa. His movement at last became successful. His experience in South Africa became benificial in case of starting the Indian freedom movement.

Question b.
What was the idea behind Gandhiji’s ideal of Satyagraha?
Answer:
Interest towards truth or be stick in truth is called Satyagraha. Gandhiji’s searching for trouth is the chief aim human life. This Satyagraha was the principal aim and ideal of Gandhi. A Satyagrahi never does any unjust or support it. He became successful to organise the national movement applying this principle in India.

Question c.
What were the main demands of the Swarajists?
Answer:
1. To oppose the government activites and to prevent law making after joining the elcction and capturing the parliament. 2. To refuse the Governmental budget. 3. To criticize the Government law. 4. To present the exploitation of British by adopting certain principle. 5. To convince the people about the baseless governmental law. To spread nationalism by arising different resolution.

Question d.
Who was called Frontier Gandhi and why?
Answer:
In the North-Western provinces of India Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan participatate in civil disobedience movement. The name of his organisation was Kuda-e-Khidmadgar. The members of the organisation were also called ‘red coat army’. Khan Abdul Gafar Khan was the fallower of Gandhiji and kept faith in non-violance moveent. Thus he was called the Frontier Gandhi.

Question e.
What role did Matangini Hazra play in the Quit India movement?
Answer:
In the second stage quit India movement was spread over the rural areas. A number of people made a procession to the police station for demonestration. An old woman and a rebel named Matangini Hazra was in leading part of the procession with national flag in hand and the slogan of ‘Bande Mataram’. She died in police fire after sometime. She was called the “Joan of Arc” of Tamluk.

4. Write in your own words. (120-160)

Question a.
Explain Gandhi’s ideal of non-violent Satyagraha. Compare the ideal of the Moderate leaders with Gandhi’s position.
Answer:
Interest in truth and remain firm in truth is called Satyagraha. Satyagrah never command or bear unjust and give up violence. Gandhiji followed this policy in South Africa and succeeded. After returning on our country Gandhiji applied this policy in India and also succeeds.

Gandhiji showed a new path to the nation by his Satyagraha movement. So giving up the old appeal and pitition policy Congress joined in the active movement. People of all classes participated in the movement and thus the movement turned into mass movement. The main objective of the movement was to achieve Swaraj. Later the civil disobedience movement or August movement was led by Gandhiji. All these movements were non-violent or Satyagraha movement. There were two factors of the non-violence, Satyagraha movement. 1) Continue non-violence movement against British to achieve freedom. 2) To develop the condition of poor distressed people. This ideal was totally different from that of the congress leader of first phase.

Question b.
What were the features of non-violent, non Co-operation movement? Do you agree Gandhi’s decision to halt the movement. Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
The constructive and boycott policy was adopted in non-cooperation policy. By constructive activities tying to build self-power was elated. The result of these activities were spreading of education, social reformation etc. National school was established at that time. Vocational training was started. Besides the development of various industries or cattage industries heavy indigenous industries had been set up. The trend of using native goods was increased. The use of Khadi clothes also increased. Tant bastra, sugar, soap, salt, leather goods were manufactured in the indigenous factory.

Boycatt of foreign goods was auother side of the movement. Picketing was slanted before the shop where foreign made goods were sold. Besides the boycot of foreign goods the celebration of national festival was slopped. National schools and colleges were set up. The members of Destrict broads Municipalities and Panchayet started resigning. The students left school and college. Foreign made lawyers resinged from court, middle class resigned from job. For social boycott the men of the occupation of washerman, barber, cobbler stanted to non-cooperate the British.

The non-co-operation movement prevailed at over India but finally it was withdrawn. This movement no doubt turned in a mass movement. Through this movement the fighting spirit of the Congress was revealed. On the other hand this movement proved that the British rule was imperialistic by nature. The political consciousness among the public was spread. People could realise the usefulness of united movement. The urging for independence arose in the mind of people. In this situation according to different leaders the movement should not be withdrawn.

Question c.
What was the nature of mass participation in civil disobediance movement? Did Bhagat Singh and Surya Sen share Gandhian ideals?
Answer:
Civil Disobediance movement could not be successful. But this movement increased the political consciousness and desire for indipendence of Indians. People of all ages, ciasses and occupations participated in this movement. A remarkable features of this movement was that the women of India had joined in it. In ‘Young India’ Gandhi called for the women to join in the movement. Among them Sarojini Naidu. Basanti Devi led the movement os women. Unnumbered women were put to jail. Only is Delhi more than sixteen hundred were arrested. The revolution of Surya Sen and Bhagat Sing was armed revolution. Their path was totally different from Gandhiji. They were determined to drive out the British by active arm revolution. They did not keep trust on non-violent movement.

Question d.
Discuss Subhas Chandra Bose’s rise in national politics, which ideas influenced Subhas Chandra’s political thought?
Answer:
Instead of joining Indian civil service Subhas Chandra Bose joined in Bengal politics under the leadership of Chittaranjan Das. He became the editor of Bengal congress propaganda. He was appointed principal of National college. He was put to jail for active participation in non cooperation movement. Beeing in the same jail Subhas Chandra meet Chittaranjan and came across his ideas. He became the secretary of Swaraj Party. He took up the post of editor of forward newspaper.

In the mean time he was sentenced to jail for several times. After the death of Chittaranjan Das he expressed his viws in favour of complete Swaraj. In 1928 at the calcutta season of the Congress a confict arose in between Subhas Chandra and Gandhiji. He was arrested after standing of Civil dis obdience movement. After this he went to Europe for treatment. He was introducedMussoleni’s anti corruption and social welfare programmes in Italy. He criticised sharply for withdrawan of Non cooperation movement. Subhas Chandra and Jawarharlal Nehru demanded revolutionary programme of Congress. He took a effort to creat pressure British Government when 2nd World War was started. After that he took charge of Azad Hind Fauz at Japan.

Different maters left marks on his political thought. On the other hand he was attarcted towards the economic equality of Russia. He was influenced by the constructive thoughts of Swami Vibekananda. Though he had no faith in non violence method but he admired his leadership. This was greatly influenced by Chittoranjan Das.

Question e.
Was the Gandhian ideal of Satyagraha followed in Quit India movement? How will you explain the Naval Revolt as a part of national freedom struggle?
Answer:
The Gandhian policy of non-violence was not followed in quit India movement. He himself called up “Do or die”. He wanted that the British should leave India. In the first phase hartal took place in schools, collages, offices, courts, factories of Calcutta, Bombay, Lakhonow, Ahmedabad, Kanpur etc. The encounter by police started and the communication system was disrupted. After that the revolt spread over the rural areas. Mass movement arose in different parts of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh. The mob captured post offices, government offices, police station. The road ways were damaged. Governmental offices were burnt to ash. National Government was founded at Tamluk, Satara. Talcher etc. British rule was abolished from those places. The Tamluk National Government survived till September 1944.

In the last phase of freedom struggle the naval revolt gave a below to the colonial rule. After the second world war it was the greatest mass movement. It had a great significant at the last stage of freedom movement. At first it was the revolt of Navy but in due course of time it spread all over India and turned into mass movement. It renewed the patriotic feelings among Indians. Most remarkable factor of Naval Revolt was that the British realised that they should to not keep trust on Indian army. They realised that the British rule would come to an end soon. So they took the decision to leave India. Soon the power was transferred.

5. Imageine and write (within 200 words)

Question a.
Suppose you are a common man participating in non co-operation movement. Write a leter to your friend lescribing your expenrience and the enthusiastic participation of various people in the movement.
Answer:
Tamluk
August 1942
DearNikhil,
Hope you are well. Today is the day of rejoicing moment. Know that Non-Cooperation movement has started all over India. All provinces of India have joined in this movement but it affected extremely the provinces like Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Bombay, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. For Gandhiji’s call the labourer, the peasant, the students, the people of middle class, the intelectuals, the Hindus, the Muslims have joined in this movement. Hartal has taken place peacefully and succsefully in Midnapur. Under the leadership of Birendranath Sashmal the middle class and the pleasant have continued Satyagraha movement against Union Board and stopped paying ‘Chowkidari’ tax for long. The Santals of Jhargram has participated in Satyagraha.

Satyagraha has been led successfully in Birbhum. Striks of steamer in East Bengal, Assam-Bengal Rail strike also occured In Pabna, Bagura settlement system has been made inactive by non-cooperation. The movement in Bihar remains constructive. Many national school and Khadi Bhandars have been set up there. The police also has taken different suspressive measures. Only in Kolkatannear about three thousand volunteer have been arrested. In response of Gandhiji’s call the women have came out on road

from their houses. It is the first mass movement in India. Chittaranjan Das, Motilal, Patel and many other eminent lawyers have joined in the movement backing their law practice. Many people of other occupations also have joined leaving their job, study and hope of futures. The peasants and labourers could not remain unmoved by the call of Gandhiji.

Do you keep away from this movement? Or. you have responed at the call of Gandhiji. let me know in your letter. No more today. Give answer.

Yours
Chanchal

Question b.
Suppose you are a journalist. Subhas Chandra Bose had left his home deep in the middle of the night. A map of the paths he took is given below. Write a newspaper article form the map, regarding the route he had taken.
Answer:
Calcutta January 1941. On last 16th January Subhash Chandra has escaped from his house of 38/2 Elgin Road be fooling the police when he was in interim. In perfect disguise he drove out a car with his nephew Shishir Kumar Bose. The car crossed the Elgin Road and reached lower Circular Road. Thus it went ahead along the Harison Road towards Howrah. The car crossed the Howrah Bridge leaving the Howrah Station and went ahead towards Gomo station. Then he got down from the car and caught Kalka Mail.

Class 8 History Chapter 7 Question Answer West Bengal Board – Nationalist Ideals and Their Evolution

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers :

Question 1.
Gandhiji returned India-
i) before first world war
ii) at the time of first world war
iii) after first world war
iv) at the time of second world war
Answer:
ii) at the time of first world war

Question 2.
Gandhiji’s Satyagraha and non-violence are-
i) against each other
ii) substitute
iii) related
Answer:
iii) related

Question 3.
Jalianwalla Bagh incident happened in 1919 on-
i) 13 march
ii) 23 March
iii) 23 April
iii) 13 April
Answer:
iii) 13 April

Question 4.
Satyagraha in Khera district was-
i) not very successful
ii) very successful
iii) not at all successful
Answer:
i) not very successful

Question 5.
The Incidence of Chauri Chaura happened in-
i) Bihar
ii) Utterpradesh
iii) Gujrat
iv) Maharastra
Answer:
ii) Utterpradesh

Question 6.
Simon Commission was formed in-
i) 1927
ii) 1917
iii) 1907
i) 1937
Answer:
i) 1927

Question 7.
Khilafat Committee came into being in March-
i) 1909
ii) 1929
iii) 1919
iv) 1900
Answer:
iii) 1919

Question 8.
Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Congress-Khilafat-Swarajya Party in-
i) 1920
iii) 1930
iii) 1912
iv) 1922
Answer:
iv) 1922

Question 9.
Gandhi broke the salt law by his Dandi expedition in1930 on –
i) 1st April
ii) 6th April
iii) 3rd April
iv) 6th March
Answer:
ii) 6 th April

Question 10.
Bhagat Sigh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged in-
i) 1929
ii) 1928
iii) 1920
iv) 1922
Answer:
i) 1929

Question 11.
Police Super sanders was killed by-
i) Sukdev
ii) Rajguru
iii) Bhagat Singh
iv) Masterda
Answer:
iii) Bhagat Singh

Question 12.
The Tamralipta National Government survived till September-
i) 1944
ii) 1942
iii) 1943
iv) 1945
Answer:
i) 1944

State whether True or False:

1. The Swarajya party won the Calcutta Corporation election in 1824.
Answer:
True

2. Subhas chandra ranked first in the 1920 I. C. S. examination.
Answer:
False.

3. In 1942 captain Mohan Sigh and Rashbehari Basu formed the Azad Hind Fauj. is
Answer:
True.

4. Congress and Muslim League did not support the Naval revolt.
Answer:
True.

5. Non-cooperation movement was non-violent everywhere.
Answer:
False.

6. Gandhi did not use newspaper to propagate his opinion.
Answer:
False.

7. Many Indian soldiers lost their lives during the First world war.
Answer:
True.

8. Lord Chelmsford passed the Government of India act in 1919.
Answer:
True.

9. Surya Sen was arrested by the police in 1930 .
Answer:
False.

10. Quit India movement was mainly rural movement.
Answer:
False.

11. Tamralipta National Government was formed under the leadership of satish Chandra Samanta.
Answer:
True.

12. Cripps promised that after the war India would be granted self-government.
Answer:
True.

Fill in the blanks :

1. From 1919 Gandhi became the main leader of anti-British __________.
Answer:
movements.

2. Gandhiji had organised a movement against __________ in South Africa.
Answer:
racism.

3. Indian claim of __________ was disregarded.
Answer:
autonomy.

4. Gandhi had a ___________ rolein the champaran agitation,.
Answer:
limited.

5. Non-Cooperation movement was not ______ everywhere.
Answer:
non-violent.

6. Binay-Badal-Dinesh attacked ________ on 8th December, 1930.
Answer:
Writer’s Buildings.

7. In 1930 the Chitagong uprising was led by _______.
Answer:
Surya Sen.

8. In May 1934 Civil Disobedience was unconditionally _______.
Answer:
withdrawn.

9. All political organisations in India ______ the Simon Commission.
Answer:
opposed.

10. The quit India movement was mainly an ___________ movement.
Answer:
urban.

11. The spread of national education was __________ due to lack of funds.
Answer:
halted.

12. A few days latter after the death of Matangini Hazra agriculture was badly affected in Midriapore in a ____________.
Answer:
cyclone.

13. Gandhi changed the mood of political movement with his cry ________.
Answer:
Do or die.

14. Subhas Chandra Bose was in favour of total _________ from the begining of his political career.
Answer:
swaraj.

15. Subhas went to Japan to take ________ of Azad hind Fauj.
Answer:
charge.

Match the column A with column B.

A	B
1) Subhas did not receive	a) died in 1925
2) Holwell monument became a	b) much help from Hitlar in Berlin
3) Gandhi was opposed	c) died after a few days
4) Subhas had kept the Mindu	d) Chittagong armoury was looted
5) Chittaranjan Das.	e) symbol of British imperialism
6) An injured Binay	f) the follower of Bhagat Singh
7) Binay-Badal-Dinesh attaced	g) to Naval Revolt
8) Ramprasad Bismil was	h) Muslim, Sikh unified in his army
9) Under the leadership of Surya Sen	i) was passed in 1919
10) Government of India Act	j) Writer’s Buildings on 8th December

Answer:

1. Subhas did not receive much help from Hitlar in Berlin.
2. Holwell monument became a symbol of British imperialism.
3. Gandhi was opposed to Naval Revolt.
4. Subhas had kept the Mindu Muslim, Sikh unified in his army.
5. Chittaranjan Das died in 1925.
6. An injured Binay died after a few days.
7. Binay-Badal-Dinesh attaced Writer’s Buildings on 8th December.
8. Ramprasad Bismil was the follower of Bhagat Singh.
9. Under the leadership of Surya Sen Chittagong armoury was looted.
10. Government of India Act was passed in 1919.

Answer in a sentence :

Question 1.
From 1919 who was the main leader of anti-British movements?
Answer:
From 1919 Gandhi was the main leader of anti-British movements.

Question 2.
From which movement the gandhian idea of Satyagraha was created?
Answer:
From the movement against racism in South Africa the gandhian idea of Satyagraha was created.

Question 3.
Who were involved in the First World War?
Answer:
Many countries of Asia and Europe were directly or indirectly involved in the First World war..

Question 4.
When and by whom was Government of India Act passed?
Answer:
In 1919 Government of India Act was passed by Montague and Lord Chelmsford.

Question 5.
Why was the Government of India Act failed to satisfy Indians?
Answer:
The Indian claimed autonomy but it was disregarded.

Question 6.
What, according to Gandhi, is the chief aim of human life?
Answer:
According to Gandhi, searching for truth is the chief aim of human life.

Question 7.
Why mass acceptance of Gandhi was reduced?
Answer:
Gandhi’s use of Hindu religious synbols reduced his mass acceptance.

Question 8.
When Gandhi ruturned India from South Africa?
Answer:
Gandhi returnsr India from South Africa in 1915.

Question 9.
What was related with Gandhi’s Satyagraha?
Answer:
Gandhi’s Satyagraha and non-violence are related to one another.

Question 10.
What did Gandhi believe about the success of non-violent Satyagraha?
Answer:
Gandhi believed that mass participation would ensure the success of non-violent Satyagraha.

Question 11.
When did the incident of Jalianwala Bagh happened?
Answer:
The incident of Jalianwala Bagh happened on 13th April, 1919.

Question 12.
How did Rabindranath protest against Jalianwala Bag incident?
Answer:
Rabindranath gave up his knighthood in protest of Jalianwala Bag incident.

Question 13.
When did Gandhi start nonviolent Mon-Cooperation movement?
Answer:
Gandhi start nonviolent Mon-Cooperation movement in 1921.

Question 14.
When did Gandhi withdraw nonviolent Mon-Cooperation movement?
Answer:
After the Chauri Chaura incident Gandhi withdrew nonviolent Mon-Cooperation movement.

Question 15.
When sultan of Turkey was removed from power?
Answer:
Sultan of Turkey was removed from power in 1918.

Question 16.
When Khilafat cmmittee came into being?
Answer:
March, 1919 Khilafat cmmittee came into being .

Question 17.
Who formed Congress-Khilafat-Swarajya Party?
Answer:
Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru formed Congress-Khilafat-Swarajya Party.

Question 18.
What is Khuda-e-khidmatgar?
Answer:
The organisation of Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan was Khuda-e-khidmatgar.

Question 19.
What is Delhi Pact?
Answer:
The agreement signed between Gandhi And Lord Irwin is called Delhi Pact.

Question 20.
Who was the leader of Chittagong armoury loot?
Answer:
Under the leadership of Surya sen Chittagong armoury was looted.

Question 21.
When sultan of Turkey was removed from power?
Answer:
Sultan of Turkey was removed from power in 1918.

Question 22.
Mention the date and year when Surya sen was hanged?
Answer:
On 12th January, 1934 Surya Sen was hanged.

Question 23.
Who founded Naujawan Bharat sabha?
Answer:
Bhagat singh founded Naujawan Bharat sabha.

Question 24.
Who were hanged in 1929 ?
Answer:
Bhagat Singh, Sukdev and Rajguru were hanged in 1929.

Question 25.
Who was the leader of Tamralipta National Government?
Answer:
Satish Chandra samanta was the leader of Tamralipta National Government.

Question 26.
Who became the president of Congress party in Haripura session?
Answer:
Subhas Chandra became the president of Congress party in Haripura session, in 1938.

Question 27.
Who was Muhammed ziauddin?
Answer:
Subhas Chandra was in disguise of Muhammed ziauddin.

Question 28.
Who supported Naval Revolt of 1946 ?
Answer:
Students and common people supported Naval Revolt of 1946.

Answer in brief :

Question 1.
Write a short note on Gandhi’s idea of Swaraj.
Answer:
Gandhi thought a political demand for swaraj is a demand for half of freedom. Because the Britishmay depart, but their thoughts and ideas would remain. Hence, not only was it nessary to end colonial rule, but also to uproot all its influences on society. To this he added the programme of khadi and spinning charka.

Question 2.
What was Jalianwala Bagh incident?
Answer:
On 13th April, 1919, a large number of people gathered in a peaceful protest against Rowlatt bill at Jalianwala Bag in Amritsar. General Dyer the military commander unleashed vicious terror upon these unarmed people.There was only one exist at Jalianwala Bagh. The exist was blocked and the people were mercilessly fired upon. Numerous people died and were injured. Indians rose in vehement protest against the incident.

Question 3.
What happened in Chauri Chaura?
Answer:
Non-cooperation movement was not non-violent everywhere. Extreme violence broke out in Chaurichaura village at Gorakshapur district in Uttar Pradesh. The people of the village had gathered to protest on 4th february, 1922. Chased by the crowd, the policemen ran into the police station. The door to the station was locked from outside and the place set on fire. Gandhi withdrew non-violent, non-cooperation movement after this incident.

Question 4.
What is Khilafat Movement?
Answer:
During First World War, Britain had declared war on Turkey. This provoked a reaction among Indian Muslims. The Sultan of Turkey was the Caliph of the Islamic world. In 1918 the sultan was removed from power. Certain leaders of the Muslim League who were sympathetic to the Sultan, started the Khilafat movement to restore the power and prestige of the Sultan.

Question 5.
Write a note on the Battle of Jalalabad.
Answer:
On 18th April 1930 under the leadership of Surya Sen the Chittagong armoury was looted. After the raid, on 22nd April the revolutionaries took refuge at the Jalalabad lills. There they fought against the British soldiers; 11 of the revolutionaries died. The rest spread out in guerilla manner from Jalalabad to continue the Conflict. Ganesh Ghosh, Ananta Singh, Loknath Bal, Nirmal Sen, Himangshu Sen, Binod Datta etc accompanied Surya Sen.

Question 6.
Write a note on Corridor War of Binay-Badal-Dinesh.
Answer:
Binay Bose, Badal Gupta and Dinesh Gupta attacked Writer’s Building on 8th December, 1930. The three entered a corridor of Writer’s Building and shot dead Inspector General Simpson of the Jail department and couple of others. The revolutionaries exchanged gunfire with the police for a long time. Badol took poison a moment before he was apprehended. Injured Binay died after a few days. After he had recovered from his injuries Dinesh was hanged.

Question 7.
Write a short note on Bhagat Sigh.
Answer:
Bhagat himself founded Naujawan Bharat Sabha. The British government made out the Kakori conspiracy case (1925) related to Kakori railway station dacoity, against Bhagat Singh and his associates. Bhagat Singh murdered the police super of Lahore, Sanders. On 8th April 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutta exploded a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly and courted arrest. Rajguru and Sukhdev and many other revolutionaries were apprehended. The British government started the Lahore Conspiracy Case. In 1929 Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged.

Answer in detail

Question 1.
Write about Netaji Subhas Chandra bose and Azad hind Fauj.
Answer:
Instead of joining the Civil Service Subhas got involved in Bengal politics under the leadership of Chittaranjan. Subhas became the editor of the publicity department of Bengal Congress. He was sentenced to jail for his activities in the Non-co-operation Movement. In jail, Subhas Chandra came across with Chittaranjan’s political ideas. The Swarajya party won the Calcutta Corporation election in 1924. Chittaranjan became the Mayor. Subhas Chandra was appointed as the chief executive. Subhas was jailed repeatedly during this time: Chittaranjan died in 1925. Subhas took upon himself the onus of propagating complete swaraj.

In 1930 Subhas Chandra traveled to Europe for treatment. In 1933 Subhas met Benito Mussolini, the Italian leader. Subhas was enthusiastic about Mussolini’s anti-corruption and social welfare programmes. When the Civil Disobedience movement was withdrawn in 1933, Subhas Chandra Bose severely criticised the Congress policy. A split occured in the Congress in 1930. There was much difference of opinion between the new leadership and the old conservative leaders regarding means of agitation and socio economic ideas.

In 1942 captain Mohan Singhand Rashbehari Bose formed the Azad Hind Fauj in Singapur. At Rashbehari’s request, Subhas went to Japan to take charge of Azad Hind Fauj. In 1943 Subhas Chandra bose founded the Azad Hind Government of Independent India. He was the Prime Minister and Commander-in-chief of the army. Japan’s prime minister Tojo handed Japanoccupied Andaman and Nicobar islands to Azad Hind Fauj. On 19th March, 1944 they hoisted the national flag in India. They occupied Kohima in April. However two regiments of the Azad hind Fauj along with the Japanese Army suffered defeat in the Imphal campaign.

Question 2.
Write a note on Quit India movement.
Answer:
In the Quit India movement of 1942, Mahatma Gandhi’s idaeal of non-violent satyagraha underwent deviations. Gandhi changed the mood of political movement with his cry of ‘Do or die’. To the British rulers Gandhi declared that he himself would take up the responsibility of India, but first the British must go. Various classes of people actively participated in the Quit India movement. On 9th August, 1942, the British government arrested the main leaders of Quit India movement. Even without leadership the movement continued unabated and with spontaneity in various parts of India. Even the Congress leadership had not expected the movement to progress in this way.

The Quit India movement was mainly an urban movement. The police and the public engaged in conflict at various places. Hartals and processions of agitators took place regularly. The students of the cities were in the forefront of this movement. The centre of the movement gradually shifted to the rural areas by the middle of August. A large number of peasants joined the movement. Communication system was made inactive between various regions. In some places the protesters even organised National Governments in Tamralipta, Satara, Talcher.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 History Book Solutions Chapter 6 The Beginning of Nationalism offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 History Chapter 6 Question Answer – The Beginning of Nationalism

Think and Find –

1. Choose the correct alternatives :

a. The first session of National congress was held at _______ (Bombay/Goa/Madras)
Answer:
Bombay.

b. The Moderates demanded that the eligible age for civil Service examination should be ________ (20 / 23 / 21) years.
Answer:
23 years.

c. Partition of Bengal was planned by _________ (Dufferin/Curzon/Minto)
Answer:
Curzon.

d. The newspaper associated with revolutionlary activities in Bengal was __________ (Jugantar/ Hindu Patriat/Somprokash).
Answer:
Jugantar.

2. Choose which statement is right and which wrong

Question a.
Umesh Chandra Banerjee was the first President of Congress.
Answer:
Right.

Question b.
Moderates called the activities of the Extremists; ‘three day tamasha’.
Answer:
Wrong.

Question c.
Economic nationalism was proposed by Arabindo Ghosh.
Answer:
Wrong.

Question d.
Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki attempted to murder Kingsford.
Answer:
Right.

3. Answer briefly (30-words)

Question a.
What is meant by the age of ‘Sabha samities’?
Answer:
The period from 1857 to 1885 before the foundation of National Congress is called the age of Sabh-samities. In this period different organizations were found in different parts of India. Though they were established for the interest of particular group played an important role in spreading of nationalism on regional basis.

Question b.
Discuss the main differences between Moderates and the Extremists.
Answer:
There were two differences between Moderates and Extremists-i) Moderates kept faith on the policy of appeal, pitition etc, on the other hand extremists belived in active movement. ii) Moderates did think of ‘Swaraj’ or indipendence but the Extremists demanded ‘Swaraj’ or Comple indipendence.

Question c.
What is the importance of the Surat session (1907) of the Congress?
Answer:
in the Surat session the conflict between Extremists and the Moderates became very prominent. In this session congress was divided into two. Lesdership of congress went to the Moderates. Extremists left the congress and continued active national movement under the leadership of Tilak.

Question d.
Why did secret societies grow up in Bengal in the beginning of twentieth century?
Answer:
To promote anti Britisih activities many hidden societies were founded, Those societies were apparently the body building institution but they were involvded in revolutionary activites. Among those the famous was ‘Anushilan Samity’ founded by Sotish Chandra Bose. Pulinbihari Das founded Dhaka Anushilan Samiti in 1906. Besides swadeshi to collect wealth making bomb was also continuing.

4. Write in your own words (120-160 words)

Question a.
Make a critical analysis of humes rolein the foundation of the Congress. Do you think Congress could have been formed without Hume? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
According to Hume a violent anti-british movement could be arisen from the rapid increasing of discontent among Indians. Hume was the assistant secretary of Indian government. Before his retirement he came to know from the police and other sources that a violent anti British revolt might be arisen from the discontent of Indians in which the educated Indians were ready to join. So he planned to establish an all Indian association with the leaders and educated Indians to remove the grudge of the Indian people.

Through this association there would be a chance to remove the various social and administrative discontent of India by discussion. After that by his effort of Jume the first session of congress was arranged at Bombay in 1885. Umesh Chandra Banerjee was its president. In case of establishing Congress Hume was wrongly genen much importance.

In 1877 the representatives of different parts of India gathered at Delhi from there Surendranath planned or an all India association. In 1883 as all India exhibition was arranged at Kolkata. The representatives from various parts of India were present there. To utilise the chance Surendranath called for a national conference. This conference paved the path of foundation of National Congress. Therefore without Hume Congress would be founded surely.

Question b.
What was the main position of economic nationalism? De you find any similarity in its stand with that of boycott and Swadeshi movement. Give reasons.
Answer:
The main factor of economic nationalism was to find out the relation between Indian poveriy and the British rule. From Indian agricultural raw materials like indigo, cotton were sent to Britain at very low cost. Industrial goods were made at Britain from these raw materials. Then these goods were sent to Indian market for sale. In case of textile industry, clothes were manufactured in the mills of Britain at low cost.

In competition with those clothes Indian made clothes could not achieve success. For that reason Indian cotton textile industry was totally destroyed. Low tax was imposed on impotirng goods from Britain and high tax was imposed on exporting goods from India to destroy the Indian industry in pre-planned way. India became an open market of British goods. The British invested their capital in India and took away the profit to Britan.

Economic nationalism was surely related with swadeshi and boycott movement. The main object of swadeshi movement was to stop importing goods from Britain and to minimize the use of foreign goods. Pecketing hartal were continuing. The people started to boycott foreign goods. On the other hand swadeshi organisations were set up to fulfil the demand of the country. These were not enough in compare to the demand. Still the effort was continuing.

Question c.
What was the main proposal of Extremist movement? Do you support the use of religious symbols in their movement? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
The extremists policy within Congress was originated from the inactiveness of the moderate leaders. The Extremists realised that without active movement the economical exploitation and the misuse of resoures by the British could not be stopped. To achieve legal rights active movement was necessary. The extremists did not want any movement without common people like moderates. According to Tilak swaraj was our birth right, we should attain it by own power not by begging. As the Extremists were against the British rule they started criticise the concept of nationalism originated from western education.

They random praised the glorious cultural heritage of India’s past. This praising turned into praising of Hindus. The concept of hinduism was spread as the concept of nationalism. There lived different religious people in India. Any religious symbol should not be used so that people of all religion could join the national movement use of particular religious symbol can put a bar to join different regions of people under a same banner. So I do not support using religious symbol.

Question d.
What was the background of revolutionary terrorism? Why did it largeky fail?
Answer:
Revolutionary terrorism was a part of extreme nationalism. The supporter of revolutionary terrorism used arms and revolver. They were inspired by the idea of Matsine, Garriboldy, Vivekananda, Bankimchandra and Arabindo. They originated movement against the partition of Bengal turned into the movement for ending British rule in India. The Boycott movement was gradually losing its strength under the pressure of torture of police. Terrorism had grown against this torture.

Revolutionary works continued by establishing revolutionary samity at different parts of Bengal. Sree Arabindo inspired those much. Not only in Bengal, revolutionary activities were rapidly increasing in Punjab, Maharashtra. This activities erassed the boundary of the country and spread our the foreign lands.

In most of the cases the revolutionary activities were failed to achieve their goal. There were different factors behind it. Many secret plans were revealed. Many leaders were arrested. for the treachery of others. As their agenda was secret the rebellions could not adopt the plan of social movement. They could not reasised that without the cooperation of mass any movement could not be successul.

5. Imagine and write (within 200 words) :

Question a.
Suppose you are an Extremist leader. You have to organise movement in different parts of Bengal. Make a rough draff of the lecture you want to present to the public.
Answer:
Friends,
You know the policy of appeal and petition of congress has not given any favourable result to the people of India. We have no faith on it. We are influenced by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lata Lajpat Roy, Bipin Chandra Pal, Arabindo Ghosh etc. you know Indian economic structure has been broken down for economical exploitation of British Government. We will not tolerate the pressure of taxes and reveneus, discrimination between the policy of importing and exporting and other discrimination in different fields.

The defeating of great power Russia against Japan and the anti British movement in Ireland have encouraged us. The government has curtailed of our freedom of speech. The freedom of press has been also restricted. They have controled even local self government or educational institution. Besides Illbert bill, Calcutta Municipal Act Indian University Act have a great influence on the people and society. The speech of Vivekananda and Bankimchandra carry the seed of nationalism. We can not ignore the call of Arabindo or Bankimchandra for organising active movement. Friends let us be part of the extreme movement and make free the India from the curse of bondage. This is the right time now.

Question b.
Suppose you have joined Swadeshi movement at the leadership of Rabindranath Tagore. Narrate your experience on the Raksha-bandhan in a letter to your friend.
Answer:
Calcutta
October, 1905
Dear Bimal,
Hope you are well. Today is a day of rejoice, You know a movement has started today to protest against the partition of Bengal. In the mean time Rabindranath has diclared to hold rakhi binding festival as the symbol of Hindu-Muslim unity. You know we all are involved with Swadeshi movement. I was present there ear’y morning. We all start for Jagannath ghat with Rabindranath. All are walking towards Jagannath ghat. He has said we will tie rakhis on every ones hands after a bath in Ganges. People gather on the roof tops and the footpaths. Women are showering parched rice, blowing conch, as of this is a parade. We all are singing-Bengal’s soil, Bengal water/Bengal’s air Bengal’s fruit…/ let them be blessed let them be blessed Oh God.

The craziness can not be explained bt me. People have gathered in the ghat to see Rabindranath. After we have completed bathing. All have tied rakhi on each other’s hand. Rakhi is also tied on to those who are near to us. It is a great incident at Ganges ghat. Sudenly Rabindranath though of binding rakhi to the Muslims of Chitpur Masjid. We all start towards Chitpur Masjid. In this way Rakhi binding festival has observed in a splendour manner.
No more today. Reply soon. I shall wait for your letter.

Yours
Harish

Class 8 History Chapter 6 Question Answer West Bengal Board – The Beginning of Nationalism

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers :

Question 1.
The first session of the National Congress took place in-
i) Calcutta
ii) Bombay
iii) Surat
iv) Nagpur
Answer:
ii) Bombay

Question 2.
The meeting was presided by-
i) Subhas Chandra
ii) Gandhiji
iii) Surendranath
iv) Woomesh Chandra
Answer:
iv) Woomesh Chandra

Question 3.
Landlord’s Society was established in-
i) 1838
ii) 1858
iii) 1828
iii) 1848
Answer:
i) 1838

Question 4.
Indian Leage was established in-
i) 1835
ii) 1845
iii) 1825
iv) 1875
Answer:
iv) 1875

Question 5.
The Cernacular Press Act was passed by-
i) Lord Ripon
ii) Duffrin
iii) Lord Lytton
iv) Lord Curzon
Answer:
iii) Lord Lytton

Question 6.
The moderates in Congress had no programme for the-
i) peasants
ii) zaminders
iii) merchants
i) moneylenders
Answer:
i) peasants

Question 7.
The supporters of extremist politics within the congress came to be known as-
i) revilutionary
ii) extremist
iii) moderate
Answer:
ii) extremist

Question 8.
Shivaji Festival was started by-
i) Lala lajpat Rai
iii) Bipin Chandra pal
iii) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
iv) Sarala Devi
Answer:
iii) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Question 9.
Sarala Deci started-
i) Ganapati Festival
ii) Durga Festival
iii) Pratapaditya Festival
iv) Rakhi Festival
Answer:
iii) Pratapaditya Festival

Question 10.
In 1906 session of Congress Extrimists won and accept the proposal-
i) Swaraj
ii) Swadeshi
iii) boycott
iv) all these
Answer:
iv) all these

Question 11.
The plan of partition of Bengal was put into execution in 1905 on-
i) 16 October
ii) 19 July
iii) 1 July
iv) 1 October
Answer:
i) 16 October

Question 12.
In Bengal famine and plague broke out in-
i) 1880
ii) 1890
iii) 1800
iv) 1810
Answer:
ii) 1890

Question 13.
The Banga Lakshmi cotton mill was started in-
i) 1806
ii) 1890
iii) 1906
iv) 1960
Answer:
iii) 1906

Question 14.
The National Council of Education was established in-
i) 1806
ii) 1810
iii) 1950
iv) 1906
Answer:
iv) 1906

State whether True or False :

1. Anti-partition movement was withdrawn in 1908.
Answer:
False

2. A bomb factory was set up at Hathibagan
Answer:
False.

3. Pulinbehari Das founded the Dhaka Anushilan Samity in 1906.
Answer:
True.

4. The nawspaper Jugantar became the mouthpiece of the revolutionaries.
Answer:
True.

5. Jatindranath Mukhopadhyay was known as Bagha Jatin.
Answer:
True.

6. The production rate of swadeshi goods were very high.
Answer:
False.

7. Swadeshi Movement took place to prevent Lord Curzon’s attept to divide Bengal.
Answer:
True.

8. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was an Extremist leader of Congress.
Answer:
True.

9. Rabindranath was ready to accept Pratapaditya as a national hero.
Answer:
False.

10. Tiak started Shivaji festival in Bengal.
Answer:
False.

11. Congress had to keep in mind the interest of the zaminders.
Answer:
True.

12. Dadabhai Naoroji was a businessman.
Answer:
True.

13. The moderates suported the use of British indian army in war in various places.
Answer:
False.

14. The colonia! rulers did not bother much about the opinion of the Moderates.
Answer:
True.

Fill in the blanks :

1. Hume was familiar with the political leaders of various ______.
Answer:
provinces.

2. Many have called the period from 1857-85 the age of ______.
Answer:
sabha samitis.

3. Not all types of people from the Indian society came under the ______.
Answer:
Congress.

4. Judged by the activities of the first two decades, the early Congress leadership may be called ______ and North West India.
Answer:
Moderates.

5. The moderates wanted partial ______ for india within the fold British empire.
Answer:
autonomy.

6. The agro-based economy of India was used mainly for Britain’s colonial ______.
Answer:
interests.

7. British government did not take the National Congress ______.
Answer:
seriously.

8. In various places in bengal Sxtremist leaders had opened ______.
Answer:
gymnasiums.

9. Around 1906-07 the conflict between Extremist and Moderate groups in various parts of India became ______.
Answer:
serious.

10. ______ decided to partition Bengal.
Answer:
Lord Curzon.

11. The spread of national education was ______ due to lack of funds.
Answer:
halted.

12. Anti-partition movement was withdrawn in ______.
Answer:
1911.

13. The line of terrorism was not ______ by all.
Answer:
accepted.

14. Kshudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki made an attempt to ______ Magistrate kingaford of Bengal Presidency.
Answer:
assassinate.

15. Baghajatin tried to procure ______ from germany.
Answer:
arms.

a. Match the column A with column B.

A	B
1. Allan octavian Hume was	a. was a Civil Servant
2. In 1876	b. led to the rise of Extremists
3. Colonial rulers granted none	c. a retired English Civil Servant
4. Ramesh Chandra Dutta	d. Willim Wedderburn
5. Internal classes within the congress	e. the indian Association was formed
6. Hume’s biography was written by	f. was a judge
7. Lord Litton Passed	g. of the demands made by the Moderates
8. Mahadev Gobinda Ranade	h. the Arms Act

Answer:

1. Allan octavian Hume was a retired English Civil Servant.
2. In 1876 the indian Association was formed.
3. Colonial rulers granted none of the demands made by the Moderates.
4. Ramesh Chandra Dutta was a Civil Servant.
5. Internal classes within the congress led to the rise of Extremists.
6. Hume’s biography was written by Willim Wedderburn.
7. Lord Litton Passed the Arms Act.
8. Mahadev Gobinda Ranade was a judge.

Answer in a sentence :

Question 1.
When and where was the first session of National Congress held?
Answer:
The first session of National Congress was helf in Bombay in 1885.

Question 2.
Who presided overthe first session of National Congress?
Answer:
The meeting was presided over by Woomesh Chander banerjee.

Question 3.
Which was the first nationalist organisation?
Answer:
Bangabhasa Publishing Society was the first nationalist organisation.

Question 4.
When was Landholder’s society organised?
Answer:
Landholder’s society was organised in 1838.

Question 5.
Which period is called the ‘age of sabha samities’?
Answer:
From 1857-85 is called the ‘age of sabha samities’.

Question 6.
Who was the founder of Hindumela?
Answer:
Nabagopal mitra was the founder of Hindumela.

Question 7.
When and Who established Indian League?
Answer:
Sisir kumar Ghose established Indian League in 1975.

Question 8.
Who established Bharat Sabha?
Answer:
Surendranath Bandopadhyay and Anandanohan bose established Bharat Sabha.

Question 9.
Who wrote the biography of hume?
Answer:
William wedderburn wrote the biography of hume.

Question 10.
Who called the Congress ‘Representatives of the minority’?
Answer:
Dufferin called the Congress ‘Representatives of the minority’

Question 11.
Who were Moderates?
Answer:
Congress leadership of first two decades was called Moderates.

Question 12.
‘Congress was no anti-Briyish conspirational platform’-Who told this and when?
Answer:
Womesh Chunder Bonerjee told this in the first session of Congress.

Question 13.
Why the British government did not take the National Congress seriously?
Answer:
Because the nasses had no role to play in the National Congress.

Question 14.
Who are known as extremists?
Answer:
The supporters of extremistpolitics within the Congress came to be known as extremists.

Question 15.
Who started Shivaji festival?
Answer:
Bal gangadhar Tilak started Shivaji festival.

Question 16.
Who started Pratapaditya Festival?
Answer:
Sarala Devi Chaudhurani started Pratapaditya Festival.

Question 17.
Who did not accept Pratapaditya as a national hero?
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore did not accept Pratapaditya as a national hero.

Question 18.
What was the Extremist’s concept of Swaraj?
Answer:
Bipin Chandra pal regarded Swaraj as complete independence.

Question 19.
Who were Lal-Bal-Pal?
Answer:
Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chendra Pal.

Question 20.
What was the Extremist’s concept of Swaraj?
Answer:
Bipin Chandra pal regarded Swaraj as complete independence.

Question 21.
When was partition of Bengal executed?
Answer:
Partition of Bengal was executed on 16th October, 1905.

Question 22.
When was Bangalakshmi Cotton Mill estabished?
Answer:
Bangalakshmi Cotton Mill was established in 1906.

Question 23.
Who was the founder of Anusilan Samiti?
Answer:
Satish chandra basu was the founder of Anusilan Samiti.

Question 24.
When and by whom Dhaka Anusilan Samiti was founded?
Answer:
Pulinbehari das founded Dhaka Anusilan Samiti in 1906.

Question 25.
When was anti-partition movement withdrawn?
Answer:
Anti-partition movement was ivithdrawn in 1911.

Question 25.
Name the newspaper which was the mouthpiece of the revolutionaries.
Answer:
‘Jugantar’ was the mouthpiece of the revolutionaries.

Question 26.
Where was the bomb factory set up?
Answer:
A bomb factory was set up at Maniktala.

Question 27.
Who made an attempt to kill kingsford?
Answer:
Kshudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki made an attempt to kill Kingsford.

Answer in brief :

Question 1.
Write a short note on Indian association.
Answer:
The Indian Association of Kolkata was an important nationalist organisation. In 1876 Surendranath and Anandamohan formed the Indian Association. Its aim was to organise Indians into a unified political agitation. A national conference was held in kolkata in 1883 on the initiative of Indian Association. The conference was chaired by Ramtanu Lahiri.

Question 2.
What is Ilbert Bill Controversy?
Answer:
No Indian judge could try a Europesn accused. C. P. Ilbert, a member of viceroy’s law organisation, sought todo away with this discrimination. he proposed a bill which allowed Indian judges to try to try Europeans. The Europeans protested against this bill. The bill was withdrawn. Then Indians started agitation in support of the bill. Tis is known as Ilbert Bill Controversy.

Question 3.
Write a note on Vernacular Press Act.
Answer:
Lord Lytton took a number of steps for the expansion of British empire. The Indian newspapers criticised him for this. As a result Lytton passed The Vernacular Press Act (1878). This law dictated that native newspapers could not print any anti-government statements. Otherwise the government would confiscate the newspaper. This law caused discontent all over the country.As a result. Viceroy Lord Ripon repealed the law in 1881.

Question 4.
Mention the activities of the first two decades of Indian National Congress.
Answer:
The activitiec of the first two decades Congress leadership may be called ‘Moderates’. Congress programme was then confined to annual sessions. It was satirically called ‘a three day tamasha.’ Various representatives in these sessons put forward opinions and proposals. But round the year there was effort to organise movements on the basis of the accepted proposals. Most of the leaders were busy with their own profession.

Question 5.
What is Economic Nationalism?
Answer:
The chief aim of sconomic nationalism was to assess the relation between Indian poverty and British rule. The moderates argued that the character of colonial rule in India had changed. India had become a place for Britain’s acquisation of agricultural raw material. The agro-based economy of India was used mainly for Britain’s colonial interest.

Question 6.
Why was a national protest under the leadership of the Extremists flourished?
Answer:
Some administrative reforms of Lord Curzon made evident the failure of the moderate Congress leadership. Curzon decreased the number of elected members to the Salcutta municipality in 1899. The freedom of the press was curbed by laws. Surveillance was increased over the universities. Curzon also made an attempt to divide Bengal. In opposition to these steps there flourished a national protest under the leadership of the Extremists.

Question 7.
What was Extremist’s concept of Swaraj?
Answer:
Bipin Chandra pal regarded Swaraj as complete independer ce. Aurobinda Ghosh had a similar opinion. Most of the leaders understood Swaraj to be self-rule within British imperialism. Thus Extremist movement took the policy of organising passive resistance instead of the policy of prayer and petition. There was a call to protest against British rule by disobeying the unjust laws imposed by the British government.

Question 8.
What was the main cause of partition of bengal?
Answer:
The colonial government had firmly put the administrative logic forward. The nationalist leaders blamed the divide and rule policy of the government for the division based on religious communities. It was clear that partition of Bengal had been initiated to weaken united Bengal and Bengalis’ political opposition.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 History Book Solutions Chapter 5 Reaction of Colonial Rule: Co-operation and Revolt offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 History Chapter 5 Question Answer – Reaction of Colonial Rule: Co-operation and Revolt

Thinak and Find –

1. Match column A with B

Column A	Column B
Hindu Pattriot	Last Mughal Emperor
Bahadur Shah Zafar	Movement against Sati
Raja Rammohan Ray	Brahmo Samaj
Bijay Krishna Goswami	Sidhu and Kanhu
Santhal Rebellion	Indigo Rebellion

Answer:

Column A	Column B
Hindu Pattriot	Indigo Rebellion
Bahadur Shah Zafar	Last Mughal Emperor
Raja Rammohan Ray	Movement against Sali
Bijay Krishna Goswami	Brahmo Samaj
Santhal Rebellion	Sidhu and Kanhu

2. Find the odd one out

a. Pandita Ramabai, Begum Rokeya, Sakhawat Hossain, Sister Subhalaxmi, Rani Laxmibai.
Answer:
Rani Laxmibai.

b. Atmaram Pandurang, Mahadev Govinda Ranade, Jotirao Fhule, Birshalíngam Pantulu.
Answer:
Birshalingam Panthlu.

c. Rammohon Ray, Devendranath Tagore, Keshab Chandra Sen, Dayananda Sarawati. is
Answer:
Dayananda Sarawati.

d. Bahadur Shah Zafar, Nana Saheb, Titumir, Mangal Pandey
Answer:
Titumir.

3. Answer briefly (30-40 words)

Question a.
Who are called ‘middle class’ in colonial India?
Answer:
Those people who are placed at the inter mediate stage of fenancial solvency became to be known as ‘middle class’. In Bretish India the middle class people coming from the upper class segment of the Hindu Community were called Bhadralok. Exposure to western education produced this new educated middle class to initiate social reforms.

Question b.
Against which social customs did the young Bengal group protest?
Answer:
The young Bengal Gruup considered the old social customs and superstitions were not sustainable by judicious reasoning. They opposed such superstitions and customs. The yound students who raised thier voice against the old customs and determined to change the society were called ‘Young Bengal.’ Henry Louis Vivian Derozio, the teacher of Hindu College, inspired them for free thinking. He set up the Academic Accosiation and opposed the existing caste system, child marriage, polygamy etc.

Question c.
What was the aim of the reforms of Sir Syed Ahmed?
Answer:
Sir Syed Ahmed realised that the causes of the back’sardness of Muslim society were be religious regidity and the hatred towards Western edrcation. Without Western education the muslims never could occupy the equal position with Hindus nd n…., indus would enjo the facilities of British rule. Therefore he gave effort to reform the Muslim Society and spread Weste…. Antion among them.

Question d.
Against whom did Titumir revolt?
Answer:
At Narkelberia village of Barasat Mir Nishar Ali or Titumir constructed a bamboo fort and started a movement against local landlords, Indigo plants and also the British require. The bamboo fort is the symbol of his revolt.

4. Write in your own words (120-160 words)

Question a.
Analyse the main similarities between the movements against the practice of Sati and movement for Widow Remarriage. What steps did Vidyasagar initiate for education of women?
Answer:
The abolishing of Sati custom and the widow remarriage both were social reforms. The tremendors system of Sati custom which encouraged the widow women to die with her dead husband and to burn her in pyre, prevailed our Bengal in nineteenth Century. Raja Rammohan started his reform movements against ‘Sati’ custom. Taking examples from diferent Hindu siripture he proved that the ‘Sati’ custom was not mentioned in any Hindu regious book or scripture. He oppoosed the ruthless custom in his book ‘Prabartak-ONibortak-er Sambad. Due to the influnce of his movement ‘Sati’ custom was prohibited by introducing an Act in 1829. But the inhuman practice did not stop altogether.

Similarly in the middle of the nineteenth century Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar organised a movement for remarriage of widows. He published a booklet with reasoning in favour of the remarriage and wrote essay in different magazines. He collected the signatures of the mass and appealed to the government. He had to face a great difficult situation for the orthodox head of the society. But for his strict persofility and determination all obstruction was removed. Hindu widosv remarriage Act was introduced in 1856 by Lord Canning. Widow re-marriages were arranged through his personal eccorts but it did not gain any popularity at all among various section of the society.

Vidyasagar played an important role in the spreading of women education. He established a large number of school for girls in different parts of Bengal and encouraged women for education.

Question b.
What was the main aim oi the Brahmo Movement? Analyse the limitations of the Brahmo movement.
Answer:
Rammohan Roy established Atmiya Sabha in 1815 for social reformation, in 1828 Bramho Samaj organised from Atmiya Sabha. When Rammohan went to abroad Debendranath Tagore took the charge of Brahmo Samaj. He founded Tatwabodhini Sabha and published ‘Tatwabodhini Patrika.’ These became the arms of reformation movement. In 1853 Keshab Chandra Sen took the responsiliting of Brahmo Samaj. But Brahmo Samaj was divided into two because of the different views of these two leadens.

In case of social, religious and educational reformation Brahmo Samaj started a new era. It played an important role in national movement and social service. Brahmo Samaj faught against polygamy, dowry system, child marriage and in favour of remarriage of widow, spreading of women education etc. The Brahmo movement spered over the districts from the educated society in Calcutta.

The movement was confined in the elite classes of the society. The liberal outlook of Brahmo could not move the common people. Brahmo movement did not spread in rural areas due to its limitaion of power. But orthodex, superstitious people were not mentally prepared to welcome their idea.

Question c.
Make a comperative analysis of the ‘Santhal Rebllion’ and Indigo Reblellion. What was the role of Hindu Patiot in both cases?
Answer:
‘Santhal Rebellion’ was one of the most important revolt against the exploitation of colonial rule, money leader, Zamindar, Izaradar etc. The Santhals started farming after clearing the forest and stones of forest of hilly area. They thought that as they turned the land which was unfit for farming into agricultural land, they were the real owner of the land. But the Government introduced permanent settlement system in their land and imposed revenue. They were compelled to pay tax. The zamindar forced them to work without any wages. The staffs of the zamindar deprived them in many ways. For these reasons the Santhals revolted.

The Indigo rebellion was also occured for protesting against the colonial government, money lenders, indigo planters. They forced the farmers to take loan and to cultivate indigo and for this purpose they tortured them, harassed them. If they became disagree even they were killed. The grudge of the peasant increased in proportion with to return. The paddy or tobacco fields were used for indigo plantation. As the result the production of rice decreased. The income of the peasant became less. They appealed to the court for just but all in vien. They were more tortured for that.

The educated Bengalee expressed their views against the Santhal rebellion but Harish Chandra Mukhapadhya, the editor of the ‘Hindui Patriot, published the causes behind the Santhal rebellion in his paper. He demanded punishment for those who led the santthal into rebellion. He wrote essys against the indigo planter and in favour of the peasants in his paper. He mentioned that the indigo farmers became loser than to be gained.

Question d.
Do you think the Rovolt of 1857 was merely a ‘Sepoy Mutiny’? Give reasons for your answer:
Answer:
The revolt of 1857 was merely a Sepoy ‘Mutiny’. It is because they played leading role in this revolt. There was the lack of complete plan. This revolt did not spread all over India and the people of all classes did not join in this revolt. On the other hand the Sepoys dischared Bahadur Sah as the emperor of India but he was not loyal to the object of the revolt. All kings and rulers did not get involved in the revolution. The rulers who joined in this revolt were busy to fulfill their selfinterest.

Inspite of above all it is noted that at first the revolt was limited to the sepoy only but later it gradually transferred itself into a ‘national revolution’. A great part of Indian mass participated in the revolt. The people of different religions, casts, creed, clases joined in this movement. In some part of India like Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, Ayodhya, the revolt assumed the shape of national movement. Some places became free from British rule for some days. So it can not be said the Revolt of 1857 was merely a Sepoy Mutiny.

5. Imagine and write ( 200 words)

Question a.
Imagine you have met Rammmohan Roy and Iswarchandra Vidyasagar. Write an imaginary dialogue between them and yourself on abolition of Sati and introduction of widow remarriage.
Answer:
Conversation with Rommohan-
I : What a good luck, here is you. I have just read your essay on ‘Sati’- “Prabartak-ONibartak-er Sambad.” I like it very much. You with the help of defferent Hindu Sastra you have proved that the custom of ‘Sati’ is not mentioned anywhere.
Rammohan : To turn to death the helpless women for the shake of religion is nothing but a banbarism. I want to stop the custom for ever.
I : Some orthodex, superstitious people now opposing you. But Some people want to eradicate this custom.
Rammohan : I shall make the people to express their views against it. I will not take rest untill the custom will be aboslished.
I: Is it true that you are trying to pass a law about this matter?
Rammohan : Right, I have already discussed with Lord Bentink about the abolition of Sati.
I: Are you hopeful about this matter?
Rammohan : The Govorment is thinking about this matter. An act will be introduced very soon.
I : It will be very good then.

Conversation with Vidyasagar :

I : How lucky I am to meet you! You are so great scholar and social reformer. The way by which you are trying to enact a law conferring of remarriage of the widows. The reasonings which you show in your essay tilled ‘Bidhoba Bibaho’ in favour of widow re-marriage, can not the denyed.
Vidyasagar : But this is not the last word, the people have to receive it by heart. Most of the people admit the reasoning but they have lack of courage.
I : It is a very old custom. But you will the successful surely.
Vidyasagar : This is the greatest work of my life. I will not stop without achieving sucess.
I : Is it true that you are trying to pass a law about it?
Vidyasagar-Right : I have demanded to the Government to enact a law over the widow remarriage. They have advised my reasoning and thinking about the law.
I : I know you will be successful. The way through which you are struggling can never be failed.
Vidyasagar : I hope Lord canning will introduced an act very soon.
I : It will be very good them.

Question b.
Imagine you are a journalist. You have gained experience and knowledge about the revolt of 1857 by visiting different places of India during the Revolt. Write a newspaper report based on your experience.
Answer:
Calcutta, February 1859. The revolt that was started by Mangal Pandey in the Barrackpore Cantonment towords the end of March in 1857 have spread out all over India. The revolt has influenced greatly on some places and in other places its influence is less. In Madhya Pradesh, Delhi and Oudh this movement has turned into national revolution. In some places the British has lost their control for few days. But South India remains free from the influence of the revolt. Some parts of North India like Bengal, Punjab, Rajasthan are also free from the impact of the revolt.

At first it was merely a revolt of Sepays, but it Gradually transform into national movement. A large part of Indian people has taken part in this movement. Different people irespective of cast, creed, religion have joined in this rebellion. The British has adopted extremely repressive means to suppress the revolt. The British army recaptuned Delhi by the end of September. They have insprisoned Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah and banished him to Rangoon. Insprite of all these efforts the revolt could not be stopped. The rebels have no enough resources of man power. There are lack of arms and the means of communication are weak. it is an uneqal war.

Class 8 History Chapter 5 Question Answer West Bengal Board – Reaction of Colonial Rule: Co-operation and Revolt

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers :

Question 1.
In British India, the middle class people covering from the upper cast segment of the Hindu community were called-
i) Sabhyalok
ii) Bhadralok
iii) Mahajan
Answer:
ii) Bhadralok.

Question 2.
The newspaper Samachar Darpan was-
i) monthly
ii) daily
iii) weekly
iv) yearly
Answer:
iv) Weekly.

Question 3.
Under the editership of Marshman the Bengali monthly news paper-
i) Bengal garet
ii) Digdarshan
iii) Hindu Pattriot
Answer:
ii) Digdarshan

Question 4.
To abolish the Sati custom a strong defence was put by-
i) Iswarchandra Vidyasagar
ii) Kesob sen
iii) Rammohan Roy
iv) Debendranath Tagore
Answer:
iii) Rammohan Roy.

Question 5.
Pandita Rama Bai, came off a Brahmin family, overcoming all social obstacles she marricd a-
i) Brahmin
ii) Kshatriya
iii) Sudra
Answer:
iii) Sudra.

Question 6.
Atmiya Sabha was established by-
i) Kesab Chandra Sen
ii) Rammohan Roy
iii) Dayanand Saraswati
iv) Iswarchandra Vidyasagar
Answer:
ii) Rammohan Roy.

Question 7.
In Santhal rebellion an important role was played by-
i) Sidhu
ii) Mangal Pandey
iii) Mir Nisar Ali
Answer:
i) Sidhu.

Question 8.
Dinabandhu Mitra published the opperasive acts of Indigo planters in his drama-
i) Neel Kahin
iii) Neel Bedroho
iii) Neel Darpan
iv) Neel Planter
Answer:
iii) Neel Darpan.

Question 9.
The proclamation of queen Victoria was decleared on-
i) 5th November
ii) 10th November
iii) 30th November
iv) 1st November
Answer:
iv) 1st November.

State whether True or False :

1. Drowning girl child in the Ganga could be abolished by law.
Answer:
False

2. Lord Wellesley founded ‘Sati’ custom by law.
Answer:
False.

3. Vidyasagar established several girls’ school with his own money.
Answer:
True.

4. Vivekananda belived in the independence of women.
Answer:
True.

5. All of the Muslim society could not accept the reforms of Sayed Ahamed.
Answer:
True.

6. After Indigo rebellion Indigo commission was set up by Government.
Answer:
True.

7. Only the Muslim stedents studied in Aligarh Anglo-Oriental College.
Answer:
False.

8. Sepoy mutiny was known as great revolution.
Answer:
True.

9. Bishnu Charan biswas was a leader of Santhal rebellion.
Answer:
False.

10. Wahabi movement was originated in India.
Answer:
False.

11. Christian Missionary James long was sympathetic to the Indigo uprising.
Answer:
True.

12. Tho:tsands of Santhals inclufing Sidhu and Kanhu were killed.
Answer:
True.

13. The European civilians forcefully engaged the Santhals for lying railway tracks.
Answer:
True.

14. Mohameddan Literery Society was established in Nombay in 1860.
Answer:
False.

Fill in the blanks :

1. James Angustus Hickey first published a weekly magazine named _____.
Answer:
Bengal Gazette.

2. The founder of Academic Association is _____.
Answer:
Derozio.

3. The name of the wife of Jyotiva Phule is _____.
Answer:
Sabitri Debi.

4. Arya Samaj was popular in _____ and North West India.
Answer:
Pujab.

5. In the second half of nineteenth Century various _______ also started in Muslim Society.
Answer:
Reformed process.

6. Among the differnt tribal movement _______ rebellion was the most significant.
Answer:
Santhal.

7. Wahabi movement sstarted under the guidence of ______ in the Narkelberia area of Barasat.
Answer:
Titumir.

8. Bishnu Charan Biswas and ____ were the two leaders of Indigo Rebellion.
Answer:
Digamber Biswas.

9. Most of the sepoys of the Bengal army hailed from _____.
Answer:
Awadh.

10. No single reason can be cited for the _______ of 1857.
Answer:
revolt.

11. Due to the impact of the revolt of 1857, the rule of English East India Company in India came to an _____.
Answer:
end.

12. With effect from 1st November 1859, the government of India Act came into _____.
Answer:
force.

13. When the revolution was in full swing, unity between the Hindus and Muslims remained _____.
Answer:
Unaffected.

Match column A with B

A	B
Drowning the girl child into the Ganga	1856
Lord Bentick	Parthana Samaj of Bombey
Remarriage of the widow Act	Satyasadhak Samaj
Henry Louis Vivian Derozio	Jaliya fair
Assistant inspector of school	Forbidding the satisfaction
Atmaram Pandurang	Lord Wellesley
Jyotiva Phule	Swami Vivekananda
Naba Gopal Mitra	Chand, Bhairab
Religious conference in Chicago	The teacher of Hindu college
Aligarh movement	Iswarchandra Vidyasagar
Santhal Rebellion	Mopals revolt
South India	National Revolution
Karl Marx	Sayed Ahmed

Answer:

A	B
Drowning the girl child into the Ganga	Lord Wellesley
Lord Bentick	Forbidding the satisfaction
Remarriage of the widow Act	1856
Henry Louis Vivian Derozio	The teacher of Hindu college
Assistant inspector of school	Iswarchandra Vidyasagar
Atmaram Pandurang	Parthana Samaj of Bombey
Jyotiva Phule	Satyasadhak Samaj
Naba Gopal Mitra	Jaliya fair
Religious conference in Chicago	Swami Vivekananda
Aligarh movement	Sayed Ahmed
Santhal Rebellion	Chand, Bhairab
South India	Mopals revolt
Karl Marx	National Revolution

Answer in a sentence :

Question 1.
Who were known as ‘middle class’?
Answer:
Those placed at the immediate stage of financial solvency was known as middle class.

Question 2.
Who forbade Sati custom and when?
Answer:
In 1829 Lord Bentinck forbade Sati custom.

Question 3.
Who wrote “Prabartak-O-Nebartak-er Dwitya Sambad”?
Answer:
Rammohan Roy wrote ‘Prabartak-O-Nebartaker Dwitya Sambad.’

Question 4.
Who enacted a law conferring legality to remarriage of Widow and when?
Answer:
In 1856 Lord Canning creacted a law conferring legality to remariage of widow.

Question 5.
In which college Vidyasagar was a teacher?
Answer:
Vidyasagar was a teacher of Sanskrit College.

Question 6.
In which school Derozio was a tencher?
Answer:
Derozio was a teacher of Hindu college.

Question 7.
What was the full name of Derozio?
Answer:
The full name of Derozio was Henry Luis Vivian Derozio.

Question 8.
What was the name of the institution founded by Derozio?
Answer:
The name of the instiution founded by Derozio is Academic Association.

Question 9.
Name some students of Derozio.
Answer:
The name of some students of Derozio were Ramtanu Lahiri, Parrychand Mitra, Radhanath Sikdar etc.

Question 10.
When was the Prathana Samaj founded at Maharastra?
Answer:
Prarthana Samaj was founded at Maharastra in 1857.

Question 11.
Why were Jyotiva Phule and Sabitri Devi famous in Maharasthra?
Answer:
Jyotirao Phule and Sabitri Devi were famous in Maharashtra for their social reform movements.

Question 12.
Who founded ‘Arya Samaj’ and when?
Answer:
Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1857.

Question 13.
Who founded the Jatiya Fair?
Answer:
Nabagopal Mitra founded Jatiya Fair.

Question 14.
What was the name of the disciple of Ramkrishna Paramhansa Dev?
Answer:
The name of the disciple of Ramakrishna Paramhansa Dev was Swami Vivekananda.

Question 15.
When was the Mahamedan Literary Society founded?
Answer:
The Mahamedan Literary Society was founded in 1863.

Question 16.
Under whose leadership Wahabi movement originated?
Answer:
Wahabi movement originated under the leadership of Abdul Wahab.

Question 17.
By whom the Wahabi movement in India was directed?
Answer:
The Wahabi movement in India was directed by Sayed Ahmed.

Question 18.
What was the real name of Titumir?
Answer:
The real name of Titumir was Mir Mesar Ali.

Question 19.
Who built a bamboo fort.
Answer:
Titumir built a bamboo fort.

Question 20.
Name a leader of Santhal Rebellion.
Answer:
A leader of Santhal Rebellion was Sidhu.

Question 21.
When did the Indigo Rubellion took place in Bengal?
Answer:
Indigo Rebellion took place in Bengal in 1859.

Question 22.
Where did Indigo Rebellion start?
Answer:
Indigo Rebullion Started at Chougacha village in Nadia district.

Question 23.
Where did Sepoy Mutiny start?
Answer:
Sepoy Mutiny stantit at Barrakpur.

Question 24.
Who was Rani Lakshmi Bai?
Answer:
Rani Lakshmi Bai was one of a leaders of Sepoy mutiny.

Question 25.
Who was Bahadur Shah?
Answer:
Bahadur Shah was last Mughal Emperor.

Question 26.
Where and when did Bahadur Shah exile?
Answer:
Bahadur Shah was exiled to Rangoon in 29th march, 1858.

Question 27.
Who was the first Viceroy of India?
Answer:
Lord Canning was the first Viceroy of India.

Question 28.
When did the Government of India Act come into force?
Answer:
From 1st November 1859 the Government of India Act came into force.

Answer in brief :

Question 1.
Write a short note on Ramkrishna Parmahansa.
Answer:
The role of Ramkrishna Parmhansa Dev in religious and social reformation is very significant. He was the priest of Dakshineswar temple of goddess Kali. He achieved solvation by adapting different ways of different religion. He opposed all superstition and regidity of religion. His famour teaching was ‘Jata mat tata path.” He gave life in Hindu religion. He created a special favour in the minds of the educated urban class of nineteenth century. The mixture of different religious views were in him.

Question 2.
Write a short note on ‘Young Bengal’.
Answer:
In nineteenth century as the result of spreading Western education a group of youth in Bengal gained a new conciousness by the influence of Western history and philosophy. They revolted against the superstitions and old customs of Hindu religion and society. They were called young Bengal. They express their views aganist various social customs and practices. They all belonged to the rich and elite class. They were inspired by Derozio the teacher of Hindu College in free thinking and reasoning.

In Academic Assotiation founded by Derozio, several discussion and debate took place against the customs of caste system, child marriage, polygamy etc. After the death of Derozio the movement of young Bengal was carried on by his students Parychand Mitra, Radhanath Sikdar, Ramtanu Lahiri etc. They devoted themselves in spreading of modern thinking, scientific knowledge and social reformation. But this movement had no impact on the common people.

Question 3.
Write a short note on Arya Samaj.
Answer:
In 1875 Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj. The Arya Samaj played an important role to revive the society and culture. Arya Samaj conducted a mass movement in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra against caste system and idol worship. They were deeply interested in women education. They supported widow remarriage. The main object of Dayananda was to establish Hinduism based on vedas. He adapted ‘Sudhi’ system to turn the non Hindus to Hindu. But after the death of Dayanand the Arya Samaj movement was continued by Lala Hansaraj. Swami Sradhananda, Guru Dutta.

Question 4.
What is Aligarh movement?
Answer:
One of the steps taken by Sir Sayed Ahmed Khan for the development of Muslim Society was the establishment of Anglo Oriental College in 1975. This was the greatest credit of him. Later this college changed into a University. In this College arts, science were taught through the medium of English language. Aligarh movement was organished based on this college. Aligarh movement grew practical couscious among the Muslims. Sayed Ahmed trieded to remove the superstition and ignorance from the Muslims by reasoning. He opposed the polygamy, Talak system and Purda system.

Question 5.
Why is the great revolution called the National Revolution?
Answer:
Several historians called the great revolution as the first Indian Natioanl Revolution. According to Surendranath this revolution first started by the Sepoy but gradually it was transforming itself into a national revolution. A large part of Indian population took part in this revolt. The people of different caste, and religion joined in this revolt. The impact of the rebellion in some places was comparatively more than other places. In Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, Oudh the revolt assumed the shape of national revolution. In some places of India the British rule becase invalid for some days.

Question 6.
What was the direct cause of great revolution.
Answer:
A discontent was accumulated in the Indian Sepoys for various causes. The British sepoy used ill language toward Indian Sepoy. Besides there was discrimination in salary, promotion and other facilities. Mere over the Indian Sepoys were compelled to go any place for war bylaw.

Crossing the sea was against the Hindu custom. In this situation romour went round that the Cartidge of new Enfieid refles had cow and pig fat are mixed in side them. Before inserting in the refle those cartidge had to be nippled open by teech which was not acceptable to the Sepoys. The sepoys considered it was a conspiracy of the company to violate the purity of their caste and religion. They burst into rage and started to revolt.

Answer in details :

Question 1.
Mention the role of Rammohân and Vidyasagar in reformation movement in Bengal.
Answer:
Raj.. Rammoha: Roy was known as the ‘first modern man of India’. He played an active role into abcisit various relogious and social susperstitions. He tried to organise a firm movement against caste system and untouchabelity by estabalishing Atmiya Sabha and Brahmo Samaj. He organised a great movement against Sati custom-burning a newly widow with his dead husband. From the Hindu scriptures he proud that Sati custom was not compulsory. He gave reason in support of abolition of Sati in his book ‘Prabartak-O-Nibortak-er Dwitya Sambad’. For the influence of his m. vement the Sati custom was forbidden in 1829 by law. He fought against Caste system, child marriage, polygamy etc. He was active in case of spreading women education, increasing the prestige of women and the establishing the women right on property.

Vidyasagar fought against social superstitions and religious regidity throughout his life. introducing widow remarriage was a fame of his works. He also fought against child marriage, polygamy. He tried his best to spresd woman education. He established many girls’ school in Kolkata and districts. He wrote many text books.

Question 2.
What is the significance of Indigo Rebellion :
Answer:
Indigo Rebellion was an important point of peasant movement in India. It was a unified movement of different types of peasant. The British company supressed the revolt using extremely respressive means but the confidence of the cultivators could not be broken. Apart from the cultivators the educated middle class people also jained in this movement. This rebellion revealed the picture of economic exploitation of colonial rule. This movement was the pioneer of many other movements and helped to arise nationalism among IndiAnswer: For this rebellion the government was compelled to set up Indigo couissim in 1860. According to the report of the commission the cultivators would not be compelled to cultivate indigo. This rebellioin increased the discontenent and hatred of Indians against British.

Question 3.
Mention four main causes of failure of the great rebellion. Evaluate the great Rebellion.
Answer:
Lack of planning This revolt was organised regionally. The objective of different leaders were different. There was no specific organisation, no motive. The revolt look place without planning. It was on regional base. There was the gap of communication.

Lack of public support : The people of India did not take part in this revolt. The people who joined had no same objective or interest. Most of the king or federal lord did not join in the revolt. Some king helped the British to supress the revolt. Nana Sahib, Queen of Jhansi, Kunwar Singh joined in this rovolt.

Not one in whole : The revolt did not spread all over India. South India kept away from thiss revolt. Even one part of north India i.g Punjab. Rajasthan did not joint in the revolt.

Lack of arms or warfare : In compare to Indian rebells British were far ahead in arms and warfare.

Evaluation of this great revolt : After the great Revolt of 1857 the nationalism arose in IndiAnswer: The Indians realised the significant of mass movement. The principal of British administration also changed. The queen of England took rule of India in her own hand. By a proclamation, British queen Victoria was declared Queen Emperor of British India. After the revolt the British started to pay attention in economic exploitation of Indıa instead of invation. The number of European soldiers were increased. The control of comanders over the Indian army was densered. In 1861 Indian Council Act was passed. By this Act in State and central legislative assembly number of Indian members were increased.

Question 4.
Write about Wahabi Movement and its impact in Bengal.
Answer:
One of the leaders of Wahabi Movement in Bengal was Mir Nisar Ali or Titumir. He was influenced by syed Ahmed of Rai Barelli. Titumir started spreading his idealism and formed organisation. He said a Muslim Should obey only Koran not any ‘Peer’ or Moulana. As the result orthodex Muslims were offended with him but poor peasant and weavers of Hindu and Muslim supported him. Titumir organised movement against landlord and Indigo cultivatior with the help of them, on the otherhand zamindar and Indigo cultivator together tried to suppress the revolt. They imposed different types of classes and began to tortune on him. Titumar with his rebells attack the indigo factories and also won.

The main object of the movement was to protect the social and economical interest of dipressed peasants. The aim of Titumir was to save the peasants from the tortune and exploitation of mahajan and Indigo cultivators. So he organised the revolt against them. He influnced the local peasant and weavens greatly. He declared the end of British rule and demanded himself as ‘Badshah’. He was about to collect revenue from Zamindars. The British took the side of Indigo cultivators and the battle between Titumir and the British became inevitable. Finally Titumir was defeated and killed. At very beginning Titumir was a religious reformer but later he became a freedom fighter.

Question 5.
Mention the four main causes of Indigo rebellion. What was the significancet of Indigo rebellion?
Answer:
The demerits of ‘dadan’ system : The Indigo planter compelled the cultivator to take ‘dadan’ and cultivate indigo. Though the farmers repay the loan the planter’s slyness the loan was never paid.

The misery of the cultivators : As the cultivators were compelled to cultivate indigo in their paddy or tobaco field the production of rice decereased. Therefore the lack of fooder of cattle arose. The money for the cultivate got from cultivation indigo was lesser than that of cultivating rice or tobace.

The greed and fortune of the indigo planters : The indigo planters gave loan to the cultivators and forced to cultivate indigo, otherwise the planters sized their cattle, lashed them or to turned their family members, even killed them. For more profit they started more turture. The hatred and the discontent of the cultivaiors increased proportionally.

Lack of just : The cultivators appealed to the court against the planters but all in vain. They have to bear more and more torture for that appeal. There was close relation between the indigo planters and police or judges. Therefore the depression among farmers began to grow.

Question 6.
Write a note on Santhal Rebellion.
Answer:
Among the uprising against the extortion of colonial rulers, the most important was the Santhal Rebellion of 1855-56. In the Santhal areas, money lenders and landlords coming from outside, called Dikhu, gradually established their influence. The poor Santhals were subjected to torture and extortion by the Dikus. The Santhals resorted to rebellion to free themselves from the unbearable situation and extortion. Initially they attacked the work places and houses of the money lenders, land-lords and traders.

Latter they organised a rebellion (Hull), in which the most prominent roles were played by Sidhu, Kanhu, Chand and Bhairab. The rebellion spresd over a wide area from Bhagalpur to Rajmahal. To control the situation, the british administration unleashed ruthless attack on the Santhals. Thousand of Santhals including Sidhu and Kanu, were killed. But this rebellion did not go in vain.The British administration became alert to the necessity of safeguarding the interest of the tribals.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 History Book Solutions Chapter 4 The Nature of Colonial Economy offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 History Chapter 4 Question Answer – The Nature of Colonial Economy

Thinak and Find –

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct alternatives :

a. Permanent settlement was stated by __________ (Hastings / Cornwallis / Dalhousie)
Answer:
Cornwallis

b. Mahalwari system started in ___________ (Bengal / North India / South India)
Answer:
North India

c. Dadan means __________ (advance payment / abwab / unpaid labour)
Answer:
Advance payment.

d. The first jute factory in colonial India came up at ____________ (Rishra / Calcutta / Bombay)
Answer:
Rishra.

e. The flow out of wealth from the country is known as ___________ (Drain of wealth /deindustrialisation / bargadari system)
Answer:
Drainage of wealth.

2. Pick the wrong statement.

Question a.
Parmanent settlement standard in 1974.
Answer:
Wrong.

Question b.
Indigo revolt occured in Madras.
Answer:
Wrong.

Question c.
The cotton cultivation in Decan was linked to American civil war..
Answer:
Right.

Question d.
The Indian market saw an influx of native commodities with the expansion of railways.
Answer:
Wrong.

Question d.
The telegraph system was set up in the company’s interest.
Answer:
True.

3. Answer briefly (30-40 words)

Question a.
What was the sunset law?
Answer:
One of this features of Parmanent settlement system was the Sunset law. Though the owner of the land was the zamindars but the power of revenue collection was centered in the company’s hand. According to ‘Sunset Law’ if due revenue failed to reach the company by sunset of the fixed date, zamindars lost their right to land. This is known a Sunset law.’

Question b.
What de you understand by commercialisation of agriculture?
Answer:
Under British rule a feature of indian economy was commercialisation of agriculture. Cultivatiion of some crops was emphasised for commercial purpose. The government put pressure to on the peasants to cultivate indigo, cotton, jute etc. The peasants were not benefited by the commercialisation of agriculture. Those invested more in agreculter gained more.

Question c.
why did the ‘Decan riots’ occur?
Answer:
Taking the advantage of the sufferings of the cultivator of cotton of Decan, the Sahukar money leaders controlled over the crops against the loan paid by them. The cotton cultivator of Decan revolted agaist it. They attacked the Sahukars and fired all the legal papers. The colonial rulers called this revolt as ‘Decan riot’. This revolt lasted from May to september in 1875.

Question d.
What is drainage of wealth?
Answer:
The British East India company used the Indian economy for their own benefit. The Indian wealths was beirg plunderedand sent to Britain. In 1840 one of a British officer informed that yearly the wealth, worth of 3 crore Starling was sent from India to Britain. In return some cheap warfair was imponted from Britain to India. This is called drainage of wealth.

Question e.
What is deindustrialisation?
Answer:
British product mainly clothes weaving in mills were being imported to India. Indian industries started declining to face an unequal competition. Besides the Government policy paved them to ruin, Many people involved with indusiry became jobless. Many of this became agricultural tabour. This is called deindustriallisation.

4. Write in your own words (120-160 words)

Question a.
What was the effect of parmanent settlement on peasant society?
Answer:
Governor Lord Cornwallis introduced permanent settlement in 1793. By this system the land was given to the zamindar permanently. Specific revenue paid to the company by zamindar became fixed but the revenue that was paid by this peasants to zamindar remained unfixed. The Zamindar enjoyed the absolute right over the land and the right was heriditary. The zamindar took the revenue from the peasant, at high rate but the company was deprived.

It was hoped that after getting the ownership of land the zamindars would try to develop the agricultural system but in reality it did not come to the truth. This system led a middle class in between zamindars and the peasants. For this system of permanent settlement the peasants of Bengal suffered much. Cormwallis hoped that the zamindar would give the ‘Palta’ to the peasants. Instead of the zamindars forced the peasants to pay revenue at high rate. If the peasants failed to pay the zaminders tortured them or took away their lands, besides various illegal taxes were also extracted from the peasants.

Question b.
Compare and contrust Permanent settlement system with Ryot and Mahalwari system. Which was of lesser har to the peasants? Give reasons.
Answer:
By the system of permanent settlenent the land was giver pennanently. The ownership of the land became ancestral. The part of revenue, collected by the zamindar was to be paid to company and the zamindar would be owner of part on a certain day before sunset the revenue was to be submitted by the zamindar to the company otherwise company would forfeit the land of zamindar.

In this system the land was surveyed. Company gave the land directly to the peasants and the revenue was collecte by company directly. There was no middle man between the peasants and the company. In this system the revenue had been fixed depending on the production. In Mahaliwari system a Mahal considered of several villages. According to the law of the system the power of the collection of revenue was vested on the zamindars or the Pradhan of the Mahals.

Sometimes the revenue would be increased. All the systems above were harmful to the peasant. The welfare of the peasants was ignored in al! systems. According to my opinion the Rawatwari system was łess harmful to the peasant. In this system the middle class was absent in between company and the peasant. Thus the profit of the land was distributed between company and the peasants. There was no scople for the peasants of being tortured by zamindar.

Question c.
Did commercialisation of agriculture had direct relation with peasant discontent and revolt? How will you view decean riot in this confent?
Answer:
The peasants were not benefited by the commercialisation of agriculture. Some of the crops were given importance for commercial cause. The peasants were forced to cultivate tea, indigo, jute, cotton etc. These crops were used as raw materials in the factories of British. The manufactured goods of Britain were imported in the lndian market at low cost.

The poor peasants were unable to use fertilizer, seeds or machinery of high quality. Besides the income of the peasants were very low for the revenue of high rate. In fact the profit from agriculture was enjoyed by government, landlord and the money lender. The government did not take any step for the developinent of peasants. In many cases the peasants, became hired labour after loosing their lands. The peasants in many parts of India revoled for the commercialisation of agriculture.

The inidirect reason of ‘Decan riot’ was the commercialisation of agriculture. For the civil war of America the demand of cotton was increased. Therefore the cotton production in Decan was also increased. But when the civil war stopped in America, the cost of this cotton decreased. Apart from this reason high rate of revenue, draught, famine and this control of money lander over the crops led to the Deccan revolts.

Question d.
What relation did the company’s business policy have with Bengal cloth industry? Why did the Indians from indigenous banks and insurance companies?
Answer:
In the early eighteenth Century the weaver of Bengal produced cloth independently by investing their own capital and sold of fair price. But started to take loan from company and could not pay it. So company controllea over them and they were forced to sell their goods to company. More over they were torrtured when they failed to produce according their contract. After the industrialisation the British factories in England started producing fine clothes in cheap rate. So the British government become active to control the importing Indian clothes in England and experting British clothes in India.

To lessen the imperting of Indian clothes in Britain and to the exporing British clothes in India the variation rate of revenue was created 67 % that was impased on Indian clothes. On the other hand the rates on British clothes for importing in India was lessened. later it was abolished. In case of Indian investor the condition of the bank was different at the time of granting loan or the rate of interest. So the Indian bank and insurance company were set up with the help of Indian enterprise.

Question e.
Discuss the expansion of colonial rule in India with regard to railways and telegraph.
Answer:
In 1853 Great Indian Peninsular Rail Company first set up railways in India from Bombay to Thane. Next year East India Company set up railway from Howrah to Hooghly.Gradually railways were constructed in every part of India. But the railways had been established to protect colonial interest of the British empire not for the welfare of Indians. There were two objects for establishment of railways in India-a) for melitary purpose. That is for sending away from one place to another at the time of emergency. b) for commercial purpose. The raw materials and manufactured goods could be transported in short time through railways. The importance of railway for the British administration was immense.

In 1851 telegraph system established only for few miles. In 1856,46 telegraph centres had been set up and more than 4 thousand miles of area came under the telegraph system. Gradually it spread whole over the subcontinent. The reason behind it was colonial interest. Telegraph was the most reliable medium to send important information from one end to other end quickly. The result of the battle, the news of revolt can be communicated quickly through it. Moreover urgent instruction was also sent by telegraph.

5. Imagine and write. (written 200 words)

Question a.
Suppose you are travelling in the railways for the first time. Describe your foreboarding and post-boarding experience in a letter addressed to your to your friend.
Answer:
West Midnapur
Dear Tuhin,
10-01-2020
Hope you are well. Today I am informing you about my experience of travelling in the railways first. You know one of my uncle lives at Kolkata. After the examination it was decided to go to the uncle’s house with father. We would have to travel from Mecheda to Howrah by train. 1 felt an

unknown fear and excitement in me. On 2nd January, it was sunday I reached at Mecheda station with my father by bus. The train was late to arrive. Two train had passed at opposite direction. After some times the sound of coming a train was heard from distances. The passengers became busy. At last giant like huge train arrived. We boarded the train without much effort. Father let me sit by the window.

The train started whistling with buzing sound. The trees and houses started running towards opposite direction. The train when stopped at one station, some people got down and some got in. In this way this train,readed to the destination. I was enjoying at the outer scene from the window. The cow was grazing at the field. House of different sizes, tea stall, different types of trees and plants had passed before the sight. I tried to memorize the name of the station but could not more than two or three. I felt that this journey by train is more comfortable than that of bus. At last the train reached at Howrah.

Everyone became busy to get down from the train. All passengers wanted to get down first. We did not make any hurry, got down quietely.
No more today. I shall wait for your letter.
Yours friend
Sunil

Question b.
Suppose you are a resident of the Decan in the 1870s. Record in your personal diary the discontent of the peasants of the region regarding cotton cultivation.
Answer:
In our locality most of the peasants cultivate cotten. But now they are in trouble for sudden decreasing of the price of cotton. They could not collect their expenditure of farming cotton. More over revenue at light rate in imposed on them. If they are failed to pay they are tortured. Besides the role of the Sahukars and money lenders are active. They lend money to the peasants and controll over them. For this reason the peasants are upset. They are planning to revilt.

They have no other way. They cannot be put blame for this. The colonial Government does not bother for them. They only bother for their own interest. In such a miserable condtion of peasant instead of helping them they collect exessive tax from the peasants. In some places the peasants already have started revolt. It is heard that they have attacked the Shaukars. They have set fire the documents of Sahukars. The revolt may break out in our locality at any time.

It is heard that the revolt at Ahamedabad and Pune district became terible. Common people have came forward in faviur of the peasant. The government has marked it as ‘Deccan riots’. In this way they are trying to supress the revolt.

Class 8 History Chapter 4 Question Answer West Bengal Board – The Nature of Colonial Economy

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers :

Question 1.
The new ruler of Bengal Company, Warren Hastings started the Izaradari system in-
i) 1772
ii) 1770
iii) 1776
iv) 1777
Answer:
i) 1772.

Question 2.
In 1793 was started-
i) Izaradari system
ii) Parmanent settlement
ii) Mahalwari system
iv) Rawatwari system
Answer:
ii) Parmanent settlement.

Question 3.
In north and north West India was started-
i) Izaradari system
ii) Parmanent settlement
iii) Mahalwari system
iv) Rawatwari system
Answer:
iii) Mahalwari system.

Question 4.
The Decean riot was created for-
i) indigo farming
ii) cotton farming
iii) tea forming
iv) wheat farming
Answer:
ii) cotton farming

Question 5.
The first cotton mill was set up at-
i) Hooghly
ii) Callcutta
iii) Madrasiv
iv) Bombay
Answer:
iv) Bombay.

Question 6.
The project of Railway construetion was started undet the rule of Lord Dalhousie in the year –
i) 1853
ii) 1800
iii) 1763
iv) 1843
Answer:
i) 1853.

Question 7.
Behind the development of Telegraph system in Indim there was the interest of colonial rule-
i) social
ii) political
iii) economical
Answer:
ii) Political.

Question 8.
From 1854 to 19012 crore 29 lakh Indian people died in-
i) famine
ii) drought
iii) earth quace
Answer:
i) famine.

Question 9.
By the end of nineteenth century the telegraph line covered-
i) 30,900 miles
ii) 10,900 miles
iii) 60,900 miles
iv) 52,900 miles
Answer:
iv) 52,900 miles

State whether True or False:

Question 1.
During Nawab reigion the revenue was callected by company.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
The condition of the peasant was not developed for the parmanent settlement.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
The peasants took loan from zamindars at high rate.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
In 1889 an act was passed for the defferent of the peasants.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
For the destruction of cottage industry some towers became weak.
Answer:
True.

Question 6.
The policy for constructing railways was adopting for the development of India.
Answer:
False.

Question 7.
Railway helped connect the markets in India.
Answer:
True.

Question 8.
The first jute factory was set up at Rishra in 1855 .
Answer:
True.

Question 9.
Coffee plantation flourished in north India,
Answer:
False.

Question 10.
Indigo cultivation was done entirely to meet the demands of cloth factories in England.
Answer:
True.

Question 11.
Agricultural development helped the peasants of capital, not the peasants.
Answer:
False.

Question 12.
The peasants were not benefited from permansnt settlement.
Answer:
True.

Fill in the blanks :

1. For the crysis of agriculture the ______ of silk and cotton was decreased.
Answer:
exporting.

2. In reality the peasant had no ______ over the land in Ryatwari system.
Answer:
ownership.

3. In North and South West India ______ system was started.
Answer:
Mahalwari.

4. The modarnization of agriculture was not beneficial to the ______.
Answer:
peasants.

5. Besides indigo cultivation the Europeans were interested in _______ farming.
Answer:
garden.

6. The permanent settlement system helped the _______ to prosper.
Answer:
zamindars.

7. warren Hastings started the Ijardari system in ________.
Answer:
1772 .

8. Besides indigo cultivation the Europeans were interested in _______ farming.
Answer:
garden

9. Mahal means a collection of several ________.
Answer:
villages.

10. Commercialisation of agricultureled to divitions within the rural ______.
Answer:
society.

11. The weavers of Bengal were forced to sell at low price or at a price fixed by the ______.
Answer:
British.

12. The chief symbol of colonial rule was the _________ system.
Answer:
rail.

Match column A with B

A	B
The Parmanent Settlement in Bengal	were tortured
The irrigation system become beneficial	rebelled
For indigo farming that cultivators	the price of cotton increase
Many farmers of Bengal	in 1851
In 1875 the catton cultivaters	The rail fair was high
For the civil war of America	to the rich farmers
For the transportation of native goods	drained to Britain
Telegraph system was introduced	the colonial rule were responsible
The money and the wealth of India	was started in 1793
For the poverty of India	turned into lived labour

Answer:

A	B
The Parmanent Settlement in Bengal	was started in 1793
The irrigation system become beneficial	to the rich farmers
For indigo farming that cultivators	were tortured
Many farmers of Bengal	turned into lived labour
In 1875 the catton cultivaters	rebelled
For the civil war of America	the price of cotton increase
For the transportation of native goods	The rail fair was high
Telegraph system was introduced	in 1851
The money and the wealth of India	drained to Britain
For the poverty of India	the colonial rule were responsible

Answer in a sentence :

Question 1.
Who started Ijaradari system and when?
Answer:
Warren Hastings started the ljaradari system in 1772.

Question 2.
When did permanent settlement started in Bengal?
Answer:
In 1793 permanent settlement started in Bengal.

Question 3.
In which essay of Bankimchandra the influence of permanent settlement was discussed?
Answer:
In Bongodesher Krishok of Bankimchandra the influence of peramanent settlement was discussed.

Question 4.
Which law was harmful to the zamindar of permanent settlement?
Answer:
The Sunset law was harmful to the zamindari of permanent settmement.

Question 5.
What was meant by the term Mahalwari.
Answer:
Mahawari mean village based.

Question 6.
With whom the British ruler entered an agreement in Rawatwari system?
Answer:
In Rawatwari system the British ruler entered an agreement with the peasant or Rawat.

Question 7.
What is modernisation of Economy?
Answer:
The construction of railway, the increasing of export rate, commercialisation of agriculture is jointly called modernisation of economy.

Question 8.
When was agriculturarists Relief Act passed?
Answer:
Agriculturarists Relief Act was passed in 1879.

Question 9.
When was tenancy act passed?
Answer:
Tenancy act was passed in 1885.

Question 10.
When and where first cotton cloth factory was set up?
Answer:
First cotton cloth factory was set up at Bombay in 1853.

Question 11.
How many revenue systems were running in India around nid-nineteenth century?
Answer:
Three revenue systems were running in India around nid-nineteenth century.

Question 12.
Where and when first jute mill was set up?
Answer:
The first jute mill was set up at Rishra.

Question 13.
When and where the first railway was set up?
Answer:
In 1853 the first railway was set up from Bombay to Thane.

Question 14.
When was the Telegraph communication system introduced?
Answer:
The Telegraph Communication system was introduced in 1851.

Question 15.
Who converted the peasants into hired labourers?
Answer:
The colonial rule converted the peasants into hired labourers.

Question 16.
What made divisions within rural society?
Answer:
Commercialisation of agriculture made divisions within rural society.

Question 17.
What was the result of Dadan?
Answer:
Dadan led to conflicts between the Indigo planters and Indian peasants.

Question 18.
When the sale of cotton clothes was barred in Britain by law?
Answer:
In 1720 the sale of cotton clothes was barred in Britain by. law.

Question 19.
When the company had lost monopoly rights over Indian markets?
Answer:
By 1813 the company had lost monopoly rights over Indian markets.

Question 20.
Who was not happy with the company’s export?
Answer:
The cloth merchants of Britain were not happy with the company’s export.

Answer in brief :

Question 1.
Write a short note on ‘Permanent Settlement.’
Answer:
In 1793 Lord Cornwallis started the system of permanent settlement. This revenue system was started in Bengal, Orissa and some parts of Madras. In this system the land was distributed permanently. The right over the land of zamindar was heriditary. The zamindar had to pay part of collected revenue to the company and they got part. If the zamindars failed to pay the revenue on fixed day before sunset the company grabbed the zamindar’s land. There were two reason behind the introducing the system–i) in this system there would be a group of zamindars, loyal and obidient to the British. They would help to make the company’s rule firm. 2) Company would get a fixed amount of revenue.

Question 2.
What was the effects of Rawatwari system?
Answer:
In Rawatwari system when the certain period was over the revenue would be increased and the terms and conditions with peasant would be renewed. The peasant who could not pay the extra revenue the land would be snatched from him. This system was not in favour of the rawat as the revenue was very high. So the sufferings of rawat was gradually increasing. In this system the company was the landlord. If the revenue was unpaid the staff of the company tortured on them.

Question 3.
Write a short note on Mahalwari System.
Answer:
Mahal means a collection of several villages. North and north-west India saw the Mahalwari system in operation. Accorfing to this system, the government sntered into an agreement with the zamindar or pradhan of mahal. The agreement covered the entire village community. Th. Mahalwar’ system could netimprove the condition of the peasants. The amount of revenue was revicer at specific times. The peasants faced the burden of high tax, debts to pay \operatorname{tax} and the rorture that arose out of unpaid loans. In most cases the money lender and the businessmen controlled the lands.

Question 4.
Write a short note on Drain of wealth.
Answer:
India’s wealth was taken out of the country. This prevented India’s economic development. This taking away of wealth is known as ‘drain of wealth’. This was an important feature of British rule in India. During the Sultanate and Mughal petiod, the government collected tax from the people. But the rullers had settled permansntly in India. they were not loyal to any other countiy. East India Company had only its own and Britain’s imterest in mind. They wanted to exploit India for Britain’s interests. This involved the drain of wealth.

Question 5.
Write a short note on poverty in India.
Answer:
The colonial economy make poverty permanent in India. Drain of wealth and deindustrialisatiom led to great poverty in India. The famine conditions that prevailed in various perts of India could be linked to poverty. Lakhs of people fied in famine in the second half on the ninteenth century. Government aid was paltry.Between 1854 and 1901 , almost 2 crores 89 lakh people died of hunger. A government declaration said over 4 crores Indians survive on half-empty stomschs.

Answer in detail

Question 1.
Write a short note on land revenue system under British rule.
Answer:
Under British rule different type of land revenue system were introduced.
Permanent settlement: Lord Cornwallis started the parmanent setllement system in 1793. This sysem was effected in Bengal, Bihar Orissa and some parts of Madras. In this system the land was given permanently. The zamindars got the right of the land heriditary. The part of revenue collected by zamindar was given to company and rest part was enjoyed by the zamindar. On the last day of the Bengali year the zamindar had to pay the revenue to company before sunset. If failed company could grab their land. There were two reasons behind the introducing of the system i) in this system there would be a group of zamindar loyal and obidient to the British. They would help to make the company’s rule firm, ii) company would get a fixed amount of revenue.

Rawatwari System : The revenue system that was introduced by British in south and west India is called Rawatwari system. In this system the land was measured. In this system the contract was with the rawat or peasant, thus the revenue was collected directly from the rawat. There were no zamindars between company and peasants. In this system revenue was fixed based on the production. The land was given to the peasants for 30 / 40 years.

Mahalwari System : In north and north-west India the existing system was the Mahalwari system. A Mahal consisted of some villages. According to the system there was an agreement between company and the zamindar or Pradhan of the Mahal. Sometimes the revenue would be increased. Some reflected form of this system is known as viachari system in Panjub.

Question 2.
What was the objectives of constructing railways in India? What was the results of constructing railway?
Answer:
The railways had been established to protect colonial interests of British empire. The two main objectives of constructing railways in India for the British were-
i) quick transport of the army, ii) commercial help that was collecting raw materials through railways and sending to Britain, on this other hand imported manufacturing goods distributing in different parts of India.

The extention of railway influenced on indian economy too far. Before indroducing railways the goods were transported by bullock carts or horse drawn carts. But after construction of railways transportation of goods could be possible at low cost and in less time. Railways helped connect the markets in India.

Many Indians felt that the government should have given more attevtion to the irrigation system for the good of the society. The forest dwellers did not accept railway construction because it was blow to their land, livelihood and social prestige. The construction of railways was one of the reasons for discontent against British rules.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 History Book Solutions Chapter 3 Establishing the Colonial Authority offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 History Chapter 3 Question Answer – Establishing the Colonial Authority

Think aund Find –

1. Find the Odd one out:

a. Bombay, Madras, Calcutta, Bengal.
Answer:
Bengal.

b. Clive, Hestings, Dupleix, Cornwallis.
Answer:
Dupleix.

c. Bengal, Bihar; Indus region, Orissa.
Answer:
Indus region.

a. David Hare, Willam Carey, Jonathan Duncan, William Pitt.
Answer:
William Pitt.

2. Pick the wrong statement.

a. Bengal Presidency was known as Fort St. George Presidency.
Answer:
Wrong.

b. Benaras Hindu college was established by Jonathan Duncan.
Answer:
Right.

e. William Carey was a member of Srirampore Missionary Society.
Answer:
Right.

d. The cmopany started the Ijaradari system for ten year revenue collection.
Answer:
Wrong.

3. Answer briefly (30-40 words)

Question a.
What was the British Presidency system?
Answer:
British East India company was mainly a trading company. They had made their centers for their business interest in Kolkata, Bombay and Madras. The Presidency system was grown on yje basis of these centers.

Question b.
What role did Lord Cornwallis play to organise the company for accumulate law system?
Answer:
Lord Cornwallis put a great effort to organise the company formulated law system. The Brahmin pandits and Muslim moulabis were engaged in explaining the native laws. Then the laws were translated in English. In 1793 Lord Cornwallis took out a compiled code of laws.

Question c.
What was the company’s sipahi bahini?
Answer:
An important weapon of colonial rules was the army or Sipahi bahini. The British formed the Sipahi bahini with the Indian Soldiers to supress the revolt or occupy the lands. The soldiers who joined the sipahi bahini received regular salary and other facilities.

Question d.
What rple did James Rennell play in the company’s land survey?
Answer:
In 1764 British company appointed James Rennells as survey or General or the head of land survey department. The waterways of Bengal were surveyed in 1764 by Rennell and he made 16 maps of waterways. This was done in Bengal for the very first time.

4. Write in your own words (120-160 words)

Question a.
Compare the administrative reforms of Warren Hastings and Cornwallis. What were the effects of these reforms on the Indians?
Answer:
In 1772 Lord Warren Hastings abolished dual government and divided Bengal into 35 districts for the convinience of administration and Judiciary. A Diwani and a Fowzdari court was established at every district. Besides in 1774 a supreme court was formed at Kolkata and a Nizamat court was established at Murshidabad. Hastings reformed the Judiciary system the divided Bengal, Bihar and Orissa into 6 divisions. A Diwani court was established in each division. The responsibilities of Judiciary in each division was vested on a Dewan or Amin.

Lord Cornwallis transferred the Nizamat court from Murshidabad to Calcutta and Fauzdari Judiciary system was brought under the company. He introduced four mobile courts. Those courts performed judgement wandering different districts. He seperated Diwani court and revenue collection. The judiciary power of collectors was abolished. Provincial appeal courts were set up at calcutta, Patna, Murshidabad and Dhaka. The Chief Justice in all courts were Europeans. In fact Indians were removed from the colonial system of Judiciary. The organisation of Judiciary became one of the main pillars of colonial rule.

Question b.
What role did the Bureaucracy play in British administrative system? How did the Bureaucrats organise as a narrow interest group.
Answer:
Bureaucracy was the main tool of eivil administration under colonial rule. But the bureaucrats could not formulate policies. They can only implemented the policies of the British Government. So an organised bureaucracy was essential to colonial ruie.

To organise the bureaucracy under company rule Cornwalli’s introduced civil service system His objective was to make the British rule in corruption free. He banned receiving gifts and practising private tracts by law. Not only he increased salary of the officials but also started the system of job promotion. He believed that in adequate salary forced them to compromise with dishonesty.

He started appointing Indian civil service. For this purpose the Indians were trained for administration. Fort William college was established in 1800 A.D. The civil servants were trained there. All examinees of the civil sevice examination had to be taught at Hailbury college. Learning in a single college of training created a sense of unity among the civil servants. They considered themselves as a separate lobby.

Question c.
What difference existed between the Company’s education policy with regard to Bengal and Bombay? What effect do you think the Company’s education pulicy had on Indian society?
Answer:
Warren Hastings brought the sanskrit Pandit form various regions for spread of education. He also established Madrasa in Calcutta where Arabic and Persian language were taught. William Jones founded Asiatic society at Calcutta in 1784. His objective was to translate the ancient Sanskrit texts into English. He thought that the understanding between educated Indians and the British would be smooth in this way. Western Science was taught in sanskrit college with sanskrit literature. In a proposal of 1839 the students were given right to study Indian language apart from learning English. In Bombay Presidency from the very beginning importance was given on the study of western science through Indian language method was adopted.

The goal of the colonial rule was to educate a few people of the society and attach them to the administration. There was no aim for mass-education. Due to lack of proper training and hands – on activities, education was confined to bookish knowledge. The traditional Indian sducation was loosing its importance. The British policy of education neglected the woman education at the first stage. Later woman education spreade through individual effort.

Question d.
What was the relation between company rule and land survey? What was the reason for starting and abolishing of Ijaradari system?
Answer:
Company rule was related to land survey. The process of revenue fixation based on land survey was important. After the battle of Plassey the British East India company got the zamindari from 24 Parganas to Kulpi from Nawab. Frankland was appointed to survey the land. Frankland died leaving the survey unfinished and Hog Cameron completed his work. After surveying the waterways of Bengal James Rennell made 16 maps of waterways. In 1770 a comptrolling committee of Revenue was formed for land survey and fixation of revenue after the battle of Bauxer and getting of Diwani, then Board of revenue was formed.

According to the land revenue system of Warren Hastings in 1772, the land would be handed over to those who would promise the maximum revenue during the bidding process. This is called ljaradari system. This ljaradari system was abolished for some reasons. They are – in most of the cases the revenue fixed was higher than the revenue carned. Because of this ljaradar could not pay the revenue.

5. Imagine and write (200 words)

Question a.
Suppose you are a company Sipahi. Write a letter to your friend about your work and work atmosphere.
Answer:
Dear Suman,
Hope you are well. You have wanted to know about my work and work atmoshere. I am writing this in my letter. You know that I am a Sipahi of East India Company. Our job is of two type – 1. To occupy various region for extending the company area. 2. To supress the revolt that creats from the rage of the people.

The company is always careful about us. The salary is higher than most of other jobs. But we have consciousness and moral sense. Sometime people revolt for wrong and unjust of company. Then we have to torture on the people of our own country for supressing the revolt even knowing that company is doing unjust. Then we feel guilty.
But we have to do that as we are paid by them. Whatever is our place has to do the same. At the beginning I felt very guilty but now not so far. The dignity of the past gives us some kind of power. Hope you can understand it.
No more today. I shall wait for your letter.
Your loving friend

Question b.
Suppose you are a citizen of Calcutta in the first lialf of ninetecnth century. Write a conversation between two educated Indians during the establishment of Hindu school and Bethune school.
Answer:
1st person : Hallow! How are you? From where are you coming?
2nd Person : Not so far but from very near, You know Bethune school has been constructing. I have been there. Probablly the school has been establishing by some Bethune Saheb.
1st Person : I also know this. His work is worth-praising. The company is not bothering about the spreading of woman education. The school will promote the spreading of woman education. So it is a very important work.
2nd Person : You are right Company is granting more amount for education, many schools are establishing but they are neglecting woman education. When will the government realise the importancy of woman education.
1st Person : There should be a movemant about it.
2nd Person : Some works have been started by some individual effort.
1st Person : Hope that the Government will be concerned.
2nd Person : That will be better.
1st Person : OK. Bye Bye.

Class 8 History Chapter 3 Question Answer West Bengal Board – Establishing the Colonial Authority

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers :

Question 1.
At Madras in 1639 Company establish a-
i) military base
ii) trading enterprise
iii) military head Quarter
Answer:
ii) trading enterprise

Question 2.
Regulating Act was passed in the year –
i) 1773
ii) 1784
iii) 1785
iv) 1770
Answer:
i) 1773

Question 3.
In 1785 came to force-
i) Regulating Act
ii) Pitt’s Act
Answer:
ii) Pitt’s Act

Question 4.
A Supreme Court was established at Kolkata in –
i) 1773
ii) 1777
iii) 1770
iv) 1774
Answer:
iv) 1774

Question 5.
Daroga system was abolished in-
i) 1812
ii) 1816
iii) 1880
iv) 1882
Answer:
i) 1812

Question 6.
In 1790 company started the system-
i) Panchsala
ii) Eksala
iii) Dassala
iv) permanent
Answer:
iii) Dassala

Question 7.
In 1800 Fort Williams college was established in-
i) Madras
ii) Mumbai
iii) Madras
iv) Kolkata
Answer:
iv) Kolkata

Question 8.
Asiatic Society was founded at Kolkata by-
i) Charles Winkins
ii) William Jones
iii) Jonathan Duncan
iv) Bethune
Answer:
ii) William Jones

Question 9.
Sir Edward Hyde East, the Chief Justice of Supreme Court and David Hare were the founder of-
i) Madrasa
ii) Sanskrit college
iii) Hindu college
iv) David Hare Training College
Answer:
iii) Hindu college

Question 10.
In 1844 it was compalsory in case of government service to know-
i) English
ii) Farsi
iii) Bengali
iv) Sanskrit
Answer:
i) English

Question 11.
In Benaras Iindu college was established by-
i) Charles Winkins
ii) William Jones
iii) Jonathan Duncan
iv) Chartes Ilalled
Answer:
iii) Jonathan Duncan

State whether True or False:

1. Sindhu region came under the Bombay Presidency.
Answer:
True.

2. Regulating Act was passed in 1773.
Answer:
False.

3. In 1972 Company started a mew form of justice.
Answer:
True.

4. Lord Cornwallis belicved in adequate pay forced the employees to compromise with honesty.
Answer:
True.

5. All examinces of the civil service examination had to enroll at Hindu college.
Answer:
False.

6. Calcutta Madrasa was established in 1793.
Answer:
False.

7. Alexander Duff came to Kolkata in 1829.
Answer:
True.

8. Raja Rammohan Ray was associated with the activities of Hindu College.
Answer:
True.

9. The Baptist Mission was established in 1970.
Answer:
False.

10. The appoinment of Indians in the Civil Service was stopped from the time of Lord Cornwallis.
Answer:
True.

11. The daroga system was permanently abolished in 1812 .
Answer:
True.

12. In 1797 Supreme Courts were established in Kolkita and Madras.
Answer:
False.

13. From 1801 Various local pundits were appointed in Fort William College.
Answer:
True.

14. Around 1853, many a school in Bombay presidency taught in the vernacular.
Answer:
True.

Fill in the blanks :

1. The administrative centre of Madras Presidency in Summer was –
Answer:
Otakamund.

2. By the Regulating Act became the capital of British rule.
Answer:
capital.

3. was the Chief Justice of Supreme Court.
Answer:
Elijah Impay.

4. was considered important as a weapen of colonial rule.
Answer:
Sipahi bahini.

5 . of Srirampore Mission taught at Fort William college.
Answer:
Willium Carey.

6.
The aim of college was to cultivate Sansdrit literature and spread Western education.
Answer:
Sanskrit.

7. Hindu college in kolkata was founded in
Answer:
1817 .

8. The was one of the mainpillars of the colonial rule.
Answer:
army.

9. Primarily, the opposition to colonial rule was handled by the
Answer:
police.

10. In 1793, Lord Cornwallis compiled a code of A
Answer:
laws.

11. In 1772 the Company started a new – system.
Answer:
judicial.

12. In 1772 the Company started a new – system.
Answer:
judicial.

Match column A with B

A	B
In 1772 company got	Supreme Court was founded
As a trading enterprise	by the magistrate.
Pitt’s Act	supressed by the sipahies
In 1793 Cornwallis	in Fort Willium college
In 1823 at Bombay	was founded by Jonathan Duncan.
Darogas were controlled	In 1784
Many revolts	the Parmanent settlement.
the civil servants were taught	the Nizamat Right.
Hindu college in Beneras	took out a compiled code of law.
Asiatic Society was established	Hindu college was established
In 1817	Surat started declining
Cornwallis introduced in Bengal	Came in force in 1785.

Answer:

A	B
In 1772 company got	the Nizamat Right.
As a trading enterprise	Surat started declining
Pitt’s Act	Came in force in 1785 .
In 1793 Cornwallis	took out a compiled code of law.
In 1823 at Bombay	Supreme Court was founded
Darogas were controlled	by the magistrate.
Many revolts	the civil servants were taught
the civil servants were taught	was founded by Jonathan.
Hindu college in Beneras	Duncan.
Asiatic Society was established	Surat started declining
In 1817	the Parmanent settlement.
Cornwallis introduced in Bengal	the Nizamat Right.

Answer in a sentence :

Question 1.
In which year company established business center in Madras?
Answer:
In 1639 company established business center in Madras.

Question 2.
What was the earlier name of Bombay Presidency?
Answer:
The earlier name of Bombay Presidency was West Presidency.

Question 3.
What was the name of the Fort of Calcutta set up by British as they did in Madras?
Answer:
Fort William.

Question 4.
In which year the Regulatin Act was passed?
Answer:
The Regulating Act was passed in 1773.

Question 5.
Which new post was created according to Regulating Act?
Answer:
According to Act the post of Governor General was created.

Question 6.
Who was Willium Pitt?
Answer:
Willium Pitt was the Prime Minister of Britain.

Question 7.
When did Pitt’s Act was come to framed?
Answer:
Pitt’s Act was framed in 1784.

Question 8.
When did Pitt’s Act come to force?
Answer:
Pitt’s Act came to force on Ist January 1785.

Question 9.
When was Supreme court estsblished at Calcutta?
Answer:
Supreme Court was estsblished in 1774 at Calcutta.

Question 10.
When was Supreme Court estsblished at Madras?
Answer:
Supreme Court was estsblished in 1797 at Madras.

Question 11.
Who and when took out a cempiled code of law?
Answer:
Lord Cornwallis took out a compiled code of law in 1793.

Question 12.
Under whom Bentinck created a special division to supress the Thagis?
Answer:
Bentinck created a special division under Cornel Sleeman to supress the Thagis.

Question 13.
Who established thanas in distroicts and when?
Answer:
In 1793 Cornwallis established thanas in the districts.

Question 14.
Who was in charge of each thana?
Answer:
A daroga was in charge of each thana.

Question 15.
Mention one of a function of Sipahi of company.
Answer:
One of the functions of Sipahi is to supress the revolts.

Question 16.
Who were publicised as military race?
Answer:
The Jaths, Pathans, Rajputs, Nepali, Gurkhas were publicised as military race.

Question 17.
Who started the Civil Service system?
Answer:
Cornwallis started the Civil Service system.

Question 18.
When was the Fort Willium college founded?
Answer:
The Fort Willium college was founded in 1800 A.D.

Question 19.
Who had to enrol at Heilbery College?
Answer:
All examinees of the civil service examination had to enroll at Heilbery college

Question 20.
What was the most famous school founded by Alexander Duff?
Answer:
The most fameus school founded by Alexander Duff was General Assembly Institution.

Question 21.
Who opposed the foundation of Sanskrit college and spread of Sanskrit education?
Answer:
Raja Rammohan opposed the foundation of Sanskrit college and spread of Sanskrit education.

Question 22.
Who was Macaulay?
Answer:
Macaulay was the president of the General committee of public instruction.

Question 23.
Who was Charles Wood?
Answer:
Charles Wood was the President of Board of control.

Question 24.
When was Hindu College established?
Answer:
Hindu College was established in 1817.

Question 25.
When was Council of Education was formed in Bengal?
Answer:
in 1843 Council of Education was formed in Bengal.

Give answer briefly :

Question 1.
Write a short note on Baptist Misson.
Answer:
The Baptist mission was established in 1800 . The missionaries of Srirampore joined the company in the spread of education. They set up their own printing press and printed bengali books. William Carey was the prominent person among the Baptist missionaries. He translated the Indian epics into English. He also translated a portion of the Bible into several Indian languages. Carey edited and published Halhed’s Bengati grammar book in 1778 .

Question 2.
Write a short note on Regulating Act.
Answer:
Regulating Act was passed in 1773. According to the law the power and authority of Bengal, Madras and Bombay was regulated. A new post of Governor General was created. It was decided that Governor of Bengal would be Governor General and the Gevernors of Bombay and Madras would serve under him. The Governor General’s council consisted of members. The terms of the Governor General would be five years. Calcutta became the capital of British empire in india by the law.

Question 3.
Write a short note on Wood’s Despatch.
Answer:
Charles Wood, the president of Board of control, sent a despatch in July 1854 to creat an organised structure of education from primary to upper school level. This is called Wood’s Despatch. It recommended-i) Indian and English language as the medium of instrofion from shcool level. ii) English language as the medium of instruction from college level to the upper most level of education. iii) For opening an education department and creating a post of director of Public instruction. iv) Vernacular tongue as the medium of woman education and vocational training.

Question 4.
What was the objective of the educational policy of the colonial Government?
Answer:
The colonial government spread western education for their own purposes. It was not possible to bring Europian bureaucrats essential in administration or trade in India. So in the beginning of British rule in India the British put effort to spread western education to create English educated group of clearks to help them in administration. The aim of such education was to educate a few people from the society who were attached to the colonial structure. They had no plan for mass education.

Answer in details

Question 1.
Write about the Judicial reforms of Lord Hastings.
Answer:
After abolishing Dual Government system Governor General of East India company Lord Hastings started reforms of Judiciary system. A Diwani and a Fowzdari court was established at every district. A Kazi and a Mufti were appointed at the Fowzdari court but the control power was in the European hand. The Brahmin Pandit and Muslim Moulavis explained the laws. Later a great change occured in the Dewani system. Hastings divided Bengal, Bihar and Orissa in six divisions. A Diwani court was established in each division. Each division compressed of several district. The judiciary power of each district was vested on a Dewan or Amin. In 1773 according to Regulating act Supreme Court was established.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 History Book Solutions Chapter 2 Rise of Regional Powers offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 History Chapter 2 Question Answer – Rise of Regional Powers

Think and Find :

1. Match column A with B

A	B
Ayodhya	Ist Anglo-Sikh War
1764	Sadat Khan
Doctrine of Lapse	Buxar War
Lahore treaty	Mysore
Tipu Sultan	Lord Dalhousie

Answer:

A	B
Ayodhya	Sadat Khan
1764	Buxar War
Doctrine of Lapse	Lord Da!housie
Lahore treaty	Ist Anglo-Sikh War
Tipu Sultan	Mysore

2. Fill in the blanks eitil correct alternative :

a. During Aurangzeb’s rule, Murshid Quli Khan was the _______ of Bengal. (Dewan / Faujdar/Nawab).
Answer:
Dewan.

b. Ahmed Shah Abdali was _______. (Maratha / Afgan / Parsi).
Answer:
Afgan.

c. Alinagar treaty was concluded between _____. (Mir Jafar and the British company / Siraj and British company / Mir Qasim and British company).
Answer:
Siraj and British company.

d. the diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa was given to the English company by _____. (Emperor Shah Alam II / Emperor Faruksiyar / Emperor Aurangzeb).
Answer:
Emperor Shah Alam.

c. The Subsidiary Alliance was willingly accepted by ______ (Tipu Sultan / Sadat Khan / the Nizam).
Answer:
the Nizam.

3. Answer briefly (30 – 40 words):

Question a.
What was the importance of Faruk Shiyar’s Farman?
Answer:

1. The farman granted the right of buying the zamindari of 38 villages near Calcutta to British East India company.
2. The farman also granted certain trading rights to the British East India company. The British company could do the trade in Bengal of an annual payment of three thousand rupees.
3. The ships that were treaty bound to the company could do free trade.
4. The company could use the Nawab’s mint at Murshidabad.

Question b.
Who, when and how established IIyderabad as regional power?
Answer:
Mubariz Khan. the Mughal provincial ruler, ruled Hyderabad almost like an independent ruler. In 1723 Mubariz Khan was defeated by Asaf Jha. Next year Asaf Jha became the Subedar of Deccan and established his authority in Hyderabad and started ruling independently.

Question c.
What is known as the ‘Plassey loot’?
Answer:
After the battle of Plassey the British acquired a huge amount of wealth as the compensation of the battle. On the other hand a huge amount of money callected as the revenue from Bengal which drained away to England. This is known as ‘Plassey loot’.

Question d.
What is ‘dual government’?
Answer:
After the acquisition of Dewani Right by the British the East India company established the political and economic control over Bengal. Nawab had the administrative, legislative and Judicial power to exercise. Nawab could build political power minus economic power. This system in Bengal is known as the dual system.

Question e.
What was the job of British residents?
Answer:
The British company appointed a representative or resident in various courts of rulers. For that the rulers could not do anything independently. The residents kept their eyes on every activities of the rulers. At the time of Lord Dalhousie the residents became aggressive.

4. Write in your own words (120-160 words) :

Question a.
Do you think it was the incompetence of the Mughals which led to the rise of regional powers? Give reason for your answer.
Answer:
After the death of Aurangzeb the power of the Mughal empire started declining rapidly. The regional powers became powerful in the various parts of the empire. The weakness of Mughat Emperors were responsible for the rise of the regional powers. For instance the wrong policy of Aurangzeb about Rajput deprived him of the assistance of Rajput. His wrong Deccan policy weakened the Mughals and emptied the treasury.

The long absence from capital Delhi the provincial rulers became independent. The narrow relegious outlook of Arangzeb destroyed the trust and loyalty of Hindus to the emperor. the revolt of Jath. Sikh, Satnami, Bundela and Rajput had shaken the base of the Mughal empire. The weakness of the descendants of Aurangzeb gave pace to the downfall of Mughal empire.

Apart from individual weakness dte to the lack of military reforms the internal revolts and the raids of the invaders could not be resisted. The aristocrats of the Mughal court fel! divided among themselves, trying to secure a profitable Jaigir. Instead of rendering proper governance to the people. the emperor and the aristocrats were engrossed with personal profit and loss.

Question b.
Between Battle of Plassay and Buxar which do you think was more important for British expansion. Give reason for your answer.
Answer:
Though after the battle of Plassey the sovereign power of Bengal was not handed over to the British. the East India company advanced establish their empire all over India that centred in Bengal. The British formed a strong skillful arm using the money and wealth of Bengal. The win of Plassay established the British empire in Bengal and the military, economic and power of British company however increased after that.

On the other hand after the battle of Bux:’ ‘e Nawabs became the puppets of British and limitless power of British was established (N… be rgal. The defeat of joint power of three native rulers proved the superior military power of , . Itish. – ‘ith the defeat of Ayodhya’s ruler, the company could expand its power all over North India. Besides the most important outcome of the Buxar was the acquisition by the British of the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

Dual system of administration was established in Bengal. In this system British had economic inner and the right revenue collection. On the other hand Nawab enjoyed political power and looked after law and order. In this system the real power centered in the hands of British. The monopoly right of trading of essential goods was also enjoyed by the British merchants.

Question c.
What role did the private trade of company officials play in the conflict between Mir Qasim and the British company? What effect did dual government have on Bengal?
Answer:
For various causes being displeased with Mirzafar, Company removed him from the power. His son-in-law Mir Qasim was made Nawab. To become Nawab with British support Mir Qasim had to give the zamindari of Bardhaman, Medenipur and Chattogram to the British and 29 lakhs in cash. Beside he had to give the right of trading of lime in Shilleth. But company startea giving continue pressure on him. A conflict between Mir Qasim and British on the question of trading without paying tax and inland trading.

For the dual government system the misery of the people reached at summit. The British tortured their subjects for business profit. Every where prevailed disorder. For the tremendous pressure the farmers and the small landtords became bankrupt. The British officials started plundering the subjects. The Nawab had no power to punish them. The law and order deteriorated everywhere. Most of the lands left unploughed. There was crysis of crops, therefore the price had rises. One of the most important causes of the famine of 1776 of Bengal was Dual government system. The condition of the people became extremely miserable for the pressure of taxes and torture. On the other hand, a heavy amount of money collected as tax started going out of Bengal.

Question d.
How would you analyse the change in policy from Subsidiary Alliance to the Doctrine of Lapse, in the context of the expansion of the company’s power in India.
Answer:
Lord Wellesley had two objects of introducing Subsidiary Alliance : 1 . To establish British dominance in India. 2. To remove the French influence from India. According to the condition of this policy the willing surrender would be free independent internal matter but he could not make treaty or declare war without the permission of British. There would be a stand by British army and the expenditure of the army would bear the state. A British resident would be appointed in the state. The willing surrender had lost his soveraign power and become the puppet of British. On the other hand the British had become gainer in all the sense political, economical and strength. First, Nizam of Hyderabad had willingly accepted Subsidiary Alliance.

Lord Dalhousie introduced the policy of the Doctrine of Laps for the expansion of British empire. According to Doctrine of Lapse those Indian rulers who had no male heirs, lost their kingdom to British. In this way Dalhousie occupied Satara, Sambalpur, Jhansi and other states. By this enforcement of the policy Dalhousie stopped pension of some rulers. For example he stopped pension of the adapted son of Baji Rao after his death. The title of the daughter of Tanjore was abolished death of the king of Tanjore. By imposing the policy Dalhousie carved the patit of Sepoy mutiny.

Question e.
What was the relationship between Bengal and the Mughal administration during the rule of Mushid Quli Khan and Alivardi Khan?
Answer:
The relation between Bengal and the Mughal ruler at the reign of Murshid Quli Khan was good. Aurangzeb appointed Murshid Quli Khan as Dewan of Bengal. At the time of Bahadur Shah he still remained the Dewan of Bengal. Emperor Farukshiyar confirmed his post. Besides the post of Dewan, the post of Nazim of Bengal was given to him in 1717. After that his power became absolute in Bengal. In Murshid Quli’s time there appeared in Bengal a class of powerful Zamindars. They paid taxes to Nazim regularly. In returns they enjoyed independent power. The ruler depended on their assiștan,e. The relaton between Murshid Quil and the Mughal was good till his death.

The conflict between the heirs of Murshid Quli over the control of threne arose after his death. With the help of powerful zamindar Alivardi Khan captured the power of Bengal. From his time there was no relation between Mughal and the Nawab of Bengal. The taxes had not sent regularly, Officially the power of Mughal emperor was admitted, but there was self dominance in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa under Alivardi Khan.

5. Imagine and write (in 200 words):

a. Suppose you are a common man during Alivardi Khan’s rule. You face ‘Bargi’ attack. Write a conversation between you and your neighbour regarding the bargi attack.
Answer:
Me – Hello Sujan ! How are you?
Sujan – What a hell ! How we may be during this Bargi attack?
Me – Right ! Where you had been yesterday at the time of Bargi attack?
Sujan – Yesterday at noon when the Bargi attacked I was returning from market. Suddenly hearing a noise from behind I turn back and saw the Bargis were coming fast. In fear I took a leap in the bush to hide myself. I was trembling in fear. I had some cash with me. They had open sword in their hand while passing the bush they were looking at it. Probably they saw me diving into the bush from distance.
Me – I was also watching the scene through an opening of a closed window and I was spell-bound. I saw they were striking with the sword whoever they found. There was no trace of kindness. I saw an old man pleaded thern with folding hands not to slay him. But nobody pay any hid. He was killed with a single job of the sword.
Sujan – How disgusting! Is this the life?
Me – We how to live in this way, who will save whom! Nawab could not save us. Finally we have to escape to North Bengal or Kolkata.
Sujan – Right ! Some of my relative have already fled to Kolkata.
Me – But it is not possible for the poor like us.
Sujan – So no way ! we have to stay here.
Me – You are right ! Good Bye.

b. Suppose you are a English company official. What expericnce would you have had roaming Bengal during the famine of 76. What advice can you give to the Company about helping the people during famine.
Answer:
I have to visit the villages for special purpose. It was a tremendous experience. There was a cry for food allaround. The crops have almost failed for lack of rain. On the other hand, company sends rice to Madras army collecting from market. The company officials, the merchants and the authority of company started storing rice and the price of rice became beyond the capasity of the poor. One-third people died in the famine. Many land left unploughed. The peasants started se!ling bulls, plough even own sons and daughters. People with sketiton like body thronged on the street. The villages became deserted. However, the taxes in this year increased than the previous years. The agricultural system of Bengal lost the balance.

I shall advice the company to relax the revenue collection for a year. The peasants should be given the food crops at very low cost. If necessary it should be given at free of cost. Only then the people could be brought back to their life.

Class 8 History Chapter 2 Question Answer West Bengal Board – Rise of Regional Powers

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers :

Question 1.
The time gap between death of Aurangzeb and battle of Palasy
i) 50 yers
ii) 60 yers
iii) 70 yers
iv) 90 yers
Answer:
i) 50 yers

Question 2.
Appointment of Murshidkuli khan was made permanent by –
i) Aurangzeb
ii) Bahadur Salaa
iii) Farukhsiyar
Answer:
iii) Farukhsiyar

Question 3.
In Bengal the famine of ‘ 76 ‘ occured in-
i) 1776
ii) 1576
iii) 1676
iv) 1176
Answer:
iv) 1176

Question 4.
Maratha diteh was dug for –
i) frigation
ii) preventing Maratha attack
iii) preventing Bargi attack
iv) piseiculture
Answer:
iii) preventing Bargi attack

Question 5.
In 1754 Suja-ud-doula became the ruler of-
i) Bengal
ii) Awadh
iii) Hydrabad
iv) Bihar
Answer:
ii) Awadh

Question 6.
The Indian rulers who had no male heirs lost their kingdom to the British. This was known as-
i) Subsidiary Alliance
ii) Doctrine of Lapse
Answer:
ii) Doctrine of Lapse

Question 7.
Number of Indo-Mysore battles took place between 1767 and 1799
i) four
ii) five
iii) three
iv) two
Answer:
i) four

Question 8.
The influence of Jaigirdari and Mansabdari system On Mughal economy was
i) positive
ii) negative
Answer:
ii) negative

State whether True or Falses

Question 1.
In eighteenth century the Mughals had not done any military reforms.
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
Awadh emerged as an autonomous provincial power under Murshid Quli Khan.
Answer:
False.

Question 3.
Jagat Seth is a title of a particular merchant family.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
Mir-Kamar-uddin-Siddiki was given the title of Asaf Jha by Aurangzeb.
Answer:
False.

Question 5.
In 1776 Mir Jafar was removed and his son-in-law Mir Qasim was made the Nawab.
Answer:
True.

Question 6.
In 1717, Mughalemperor Faruksiyar issued an order or a farman.
Answer:
True.

Question 7.
Like Murshid Quli, Alivardi Khan too had anegative attitude towards the European traders.
Answer:
False.

Question 8.
Mir Jafar haf played an inactive role during the battle of Palasy.
Answer:
True.

Question 9.
After the battle of Palasy, Robert Clive appointed Mir Jafar we Nawab of Bengal.
Answer:
True.

Question 10.
Lord Clive roiurned to Bengal after 1765 .
Answer:
False.

Question 11.
Between 1757 and 1765, the Company emerged as the main power in Bengal.
Answer:
True.

Question 12.
The policy of doctrine of lapse set up by Lord Wellesley.
Answer:
False.

Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
The chief of the three main regional power Bengal, Hyderabad, Ayodhya were _________ Mughal administrators.
Answer:
local.

Question 2.
________ got the post of Bengal’s Nazim in 1717.
Answer:
Murshid Kuli Khan

Question 3.
The royal treasury and mint of Suba Bengal was in the invisible control of _______.
Answer:
Jagat Seth.

Question 4.
The Nawab’s capital _________ was not spared by the Bergis.
Answer:
Murshidabad.

Question 5.
In 1717, the Mughal emperor Farukshiyar issed an order or a _________.
Answer:
Farman.

Question 6.
Mir Qasim had to pay almost 29 lakhs to beceme ___________.
Answer:
Nawab.

Question 7.
The residents became aggressive during the time of Lord ___________.
Answer:
Wellesley.

Question 8.
The Sikhs lost the first Anglo-Sikh war in _________.
Answer:
1845.

Question 9.
The Marathas had a great deai of supremacy in the __________.
Answer:
Decan.

Question 10.
Under haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan, Mysore’s army was set up in _______ model.
Answer:
European.

Match column A with B

A	B
Aurangzeb died	the death of the one-third peasant occured
Persian invasion	Murshid Quli Khan became Nazim.
In 1717	turned into the ruler’s rod
The business man of Murshidabad	were called merchant’s king.
In the battle of Plassy Mir Jafar	Under the leadership of Nadir Shah.
The merchant’s scale	Tipu Sultan died.
In the famine of ‘ 76 ‘	in 1707.
In fourth Anglo Mysore war	was inactive.

Answer:

A	B
Aurangzeb died	in 1707
Persian invasion	under the leadership of Nadir Shah.
In 1717	Murshid Quli Khan became Nazim.
The business man of Murshidabad	were called merchant king
In the battle of Plassy Mir Jafar	was inactive.
The merchant’s scale	turned into ruler’s rod.
In the famine of ‘ 76 ‘	the death of one third pleasant was occured.
In fourth Anglo Mysore war	Tipu Sultan died.

Answer in a sentence :

Question 1.
In which year Aurangzeb died?
Answer:
Aurangzeb died in 1707.

Question 2.
Whe was the leader of Persian attack in Delli?
Answer:
Nadir Shah was the leader of Persian attack in Delhi.

Question 3.
Who was the leader of Afgan attack in Delli?
Answer:
Ahmad Saha Abdali was the leader of Afgan attack in Delhi.

Question 4.
By whom Murshidkuli Khau was appointed as Dewan of Bengal?
Answer:
Murshidkuli Khan was appointed as Dewan of Bengal by Aurangzeb.

Question 5.
Who became Nawab after Alibardi kihan?
Answer:
Siraj Ud-doullah becane Nawab after Alibardi Khan.

Question 6.
Who was honoured with the title Jagat Seth?
Answer:
Fateha Cliand was honoured with the title Jagat Seth.

Question 7.
Mention an important incident of the reign of Nawab Alivardi Khan.
Answer:
An important incident of the reign of Nawab Alivardi Khan was the Bargi attack.

Question 8.
Who founded the kingdom of Hyderabad and when?
Answer:
Asaf tha founded the kingdom of Hyderabad in 1724.

Question 9.
When did Mughal emperor Farukh Shah issue a farman?
Answer:
Mughal emperor Farukh Shah issued a forman in 1717.

Question 10.
Who propagated the story of ‘Black Hole Tragedy’?
Answer:
Holwell propagated the story of ‘Black Hole Tragedy’.

Question 11.
In which year the battle of Plassy took place?
Answer:
The battle of Plassy took place in 1757.

Question 12.
Which states of zamindary was given to British by Mir Qasim?
Answer:
Mir Qasim gave the zamindary of Bardhaman, Midnapur and Chattogram to the Brithish.

Question 13.
When did the Battle of Buxar take place?
Answer:
The Battle of Buxar took place in 1764.

Question 14.
How long the dual system of administration continued in Bengal?
Answer:
The dual system of administration continued in Bengal from 1765 to 1772 .

Question 15.
When did the famine of ’76’ occur?
Answer:
The famine of ’76’ occured in Bengal in 1770. In terms of Bengal calender, the year stood at 1176.

Question 16.
Who willingly accepted Subsidiary Alliance?
Answer:
The Nizam of Hydarabad willingly accepted Subsidiary Alliance.

Question 17.
Who opposed the policy of Subsidiary Alliance?
Answer:
Tipu Sultan of Mysore opposed of Subsidiary Alliance.

Question 18.
Who implemented the policy of Doctrine of Lapse?
Answer:
Lord Dalhousi implemented the policy of Doctrine of Lapse.

Question 19.
In which war Tipu Sultan was died?
Answer:
Tipn Sultan was died in Fourth Anglo-Mysore war.

Question 20.
In which year and between whom Salbai treaty was signed?
Answer:
In 1782 Salbai Treaty was signed between Maratha and British Company.

Answer in 30-40 words :

Question 1.
Short note on Mansabdari system.
Answer:
Emperor Akbar introduced Mansabdari system to form army. The soldiers were paid according to their post. They were classified according to their number under a mansabdar. The mansabdar of lowest rank could keep maximum 10 soldiers and of highest rank could keep maximum is thousand soldier. The mansabdars were paid in cash and they paid the soldiers from the earning from their Jaigir. The post of mansabdar was not heriditary.

Question 2.
What was the relation between famine of ‘ 76 ‘ and the dual government?
Answer:
Dual government system is responsible for the famine of ‘ 76 ‘. East India Company got the right of collecting faxes from Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Reja Khan in Bengal and Sitab Roy were given responsiblity for collecting taxes. They were collecting taxes as much as they could. Many lands remained unploughed. Crisis of fond crops occured and the price rised high. The British army for its food supply collected enough paddy rice by hook or by crook. On the other hand the British officials, merchants, the authority of company started hoarding rice and later sold at high price.

Question 3.
Write short note on ‘Black Ilole Tragedy’.
Answer:
In 20th June 1756, Nawab Siraj-ud-daullah occupied Calcutta. After that Holwell as well as some British was imprisoned by the Nawab’s army. Holwell complained that Siraj had locked up 146 British men and women in a small room and that resulted the death of 123 of them. This incident is known as ‘Black Hole Tragedy’. Later, it is proved that it was imagined and exaggerated.

Answer in 120-160 words :

Question 1.
How far the various policies of Aurangzeb were responsible for the downfall of Nughal empire.
Answer:
The various policies of Aurangzeb were responsible for the downfall of Mughal empire
a) From the reign of Akbar the Rajputs helped Mughals to expand their empire and strengthen the Mughals. But for the wrong Rajput policy of Aurangzeb deprived him from the assistance of Rajputs.
b) His Deccan policy also weaken the power of the Mughals. The regional powers of north Bengal revolted and some of them became independent for the long absence of Aurangzeb at Delhi.
c) The former emperor showed the relegious tolerance but Aurangzeb was too much orthodox about religion. From his narrow religious outlook he was deprived from the loyalty trust and support of Hindus.
d) The revolt of Jath, Satnami, Sikh, Bundela, Rajput of the reign of Aurangzeb weakened the foundation of Mughal dynasty.

Question 2.
What is Dual Government system? What was its result?
Answer:
When East India company got the Dewani Rights of Bengal the power of tax collection and the military power was handed over to them. Nawab only enjoyed political power and looked after law and administration. As the economic power and the right to revenue collection centered in the hand of British, they enjoyed real power. This system was known as Dual system.

The misery of people of Bengal increased upto the extreme point. Disorder prevailed every where. The company collected as much revenue as possible. For this purpose the British offecials tortured their subjects. Dere to the tremendous pressure small Jamindars and peasants became bankrupt.

The British officials stated to plunder the subjects, Nawab had no power to punish them. The law and order became failed. Many lands had not been ploughed at all. The price of things started going higher. Dual system was the people of Bengal were suffering in miserable condition, the wealth of Bengal drained away.

Question 3.
What were the main conditions of Doctrine of Lapse? State the application of this policy.
Answer:
The main terms and conditions of Doctrine of Lapse are –
1. Those Indian rulers who had no male heirs, lose their kingdom to the British. If the king had any adopted son he would not have any right on the throne.
2. In case of subjugated states they had to seek permission while taking adopted son. Otherwise the adopted son would considered as illegal. If company would not give permission to the state would lose their kingdom.
3. The native independent state could take to adopted son without the permission of British. By the application

policy of Doctrine of Lapse, Dalhousie ocenpied Santara, Sambalpur, Jhansi and other regions. Dalhousie snatehed the Berar province of Hyderabad to provide for company expenses. By the policy, he stopped pension of some province. After the death of Baji Rao-II he stopped the pension of Nana Sahib, the adopted son of Baji Rao-II. On the other hand, after the death of Tanjore Raj the title of her daughter was banned. By applying the policy of Doctrine of Lapse Lord Dallousie widened the path of the great revolt.

Question 4.
What was the object of Subsidiary Alliance? What was the condition of the policy? What was the result?
Answer:
There were two objectives of Subsidiary Alliances. They are –
i) To establish the political power in India.
ii) To remove the French influence from India.
According to the condition of the policy, the ruler who would accept the policy the British government gave the military protection of that state. The inner independence of the ruler would be secure but the ruler could not make any treaty or declare war without the permission of British government. The ruler had to bear the expenditure of standing army. The British government put a resident at the court of the ruler.

The kings, who accepted the policy of subsidiary alliance had lost their sovereign power. They became the puppet of the British. On the other hand, the British became strong in aspect of political, economical and others powers. The Nizam of Hyderabad had willingly accepted the policy. Later the other states were compelled to take the policy.

Question 5.
What is the famine of ’76’? What is the result of it?
Answer:
In 1770, in terms of Bengal calender the year stood at 1176, a tremendous famine occured in Bengal which is known as the famine of ’76’. For this famine of ’76’, one-third people of Bengal died. This famine influenced the economy of Bengal greatly. The self sufficient villeges turned into deserted place. But the revenue increased in compare of other years. Due to this severe famine the agricultural system of Bengal had lost the balance. There were lack of peasants as many of peasants had died in the faminc. Lands left unploughed. Many Jamindar also died. In one hand, old Jamindary were abolished, On the other hand, new Jamindari emarged. They used to run their Jamindary by dewan and the revenue from the subjects was collected by them. With the agriculture cottage industry of Bengal destroyed also. For the death of labours and craftsman the production in industry was hampered.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 History Book Solutions Chapter 1 The Idea of History offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 History Chapter 1 Question Answer – The Idea of History

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers :

Question 1.
Present can be known from –
i) present
ii) past
iii) future
Aus :
ii) past

Question 2.
Photograph can tell a lot about-
i) cconomic history
ii) social history
iii) political history
iv) all of these are true
Answer:
iv) all of these are true

Question 3.
Chandragupta Naurya was a-
i) Budhist
ii) mughal
iii) jaina
iv) parsian
Answer:
iii) jaina

Question 4.
Indians proved that they were not-
i) uncivilized
ii) civilized
iii) developed
Answer:
i) uncivilized

Question 5.
The history of different countries is-
i) different
ii) not different
Answer:
i) different

Question 6.
Rajabali was written for dealing about-
i) ancient Intia
ii) modern India
iii) the kings
Answer:
iii) the kings

Question 7.
James Mill divided Indian histery into-
i) ancient, mediaval, modern period
ii) Hindu, Muslim, Briritsh period [
Answer:
ii) Hindu, Muslim. Briritsh period

Question 8.
Titumir, Birsa, Munda were-
i) terrorist
ii) touble maker
iii) freedom fighters
Answer:
iii) freedom fighters

Question 9.
Who had declared, Siraj-ud-dullaho had ordered to kill ihe innecent British employes-
i) Indian historian
ii) British historian
iii) All historians
Answer:
ii) British historian

Question 10.
Two photographs taken by the different persons upon the same subject, may be hold up-
i) different meanings
ii) same meanings
Answer:
i) different meanings

Question 11.
“You and I andeveryone together will write our own history” Said-
i) Rabindranath
ii) Vivekananda
iii) Saratchandra
iv) Bankimchandra
Answer:
iv) Bankimchandra

Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
We must drop the false ________ that history of the countries need be same.
Answer:
belief.

Question 2.
The present dis-determined by the ________.
Answer:
past.

Question 3.
The logic tha the British rulers put up for establishing a colony in India, was this that Indians were ________.
Answer:
Uncivilized

Question 4.
The Indians proud the existence of ________ history.
Answer:
indigenous.

Question 5.
James Mill has dividied Indian history into ________ parts.
Answer:
Three.

Question 6.
The history book written by Mrityunjay Bidyalankar is ________.
Answer:
Rajabali

Question 7.
The historian writes ________ in accordiance to the way of his understanding and finding of an incident.
Answer:
History.

Question 8.
In Indian history British period was named after the name of the ________.
Answer:
nation.

Question 9.
Accrording to Mill in Indian history Muslim period was ________.
Answer:
‘the dark age’

Question 10.
Through ________ a powerful country dominates a comperatively weak nation.
Answer:
imperialism.

Question 11.
Photographs cannot always be treated as ________ cvidence.
Answer:
absolute

Question 12.
There are ________ sources of writing modern history.
Answer:
various

State whether True or False:

Question 1.
There will be no problem if the history is written by own.
Answer:
False.

Question 2.
James Mill divided Indian history into History of Hindu, Muslim and British.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
There is a possibility of the historian, pulling of there personal opinion into an objective analysis of history.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
Allan Oetavian Hume has entire credit for the foundation of Indian National Congress.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
The meaning of two photograph on same subject can be diferent.
Answer:
True.

Question 6.
There is no realation between imperialism and colonialisma.
Answer:
False.

Question 7.
According to Bankimchandra Bengaliees have to write their own history.
Answer:
True.

Question 8.
Titumir was a freedom fighter.
Answer:
True.

Question 9.
Paintings, maps, posters, newspapers, advertisements provide historical data.
Answer:
True.

Question 10.
Source material for modern history is not easily available.
Answer:
False.

Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) Bimbisara	i) a Buddhist
b) The word modern refers to	ii) ‘History of British India’
c) Different individuals have viewed	iii) was a Bhuddhist
d) History is not the same	iv) for the Hindu rulers
e) Bimbisar was	v) wrote Rajabali
f) In 1817 James Mill wrote	vi) history differently
g) Mill wrote that the Muslim period	vii) whatever is recent
h) In 1808 Mrityunjoy Vidyalankar	viii) was the dark age of Indian History ix) in all countries
i) Mill had little respect	Column B

Answer:
a) Bimbisara was a Bhuddhist.
b) The word modern refers to whatever is recent.
c) Different individuals have viewed history differently.
d) History is not the same in all countries.
e) Bimbisar was a Buddhist.
f) In 1817 James Mill wrote ‘Histc of British India’.
g) Mill wrote that the Muslim period was the dark age of Indian History.
h) In 1808 Mrityunjoy Vidyalankar wrote Rajabali.
i) Mill had little respect for the Hindu rulers.

Appropriate explanation:

a) The British established their rule in Indian cause-
i) to civilise the uncivilised Indians.
ii) to spread impreialism
iii) to spread their trade and commerce.
Answer:
to spread imperialism.

b) the indigo cultivator cultivated indigo because-
i) it was most profitable
ii) the indigo cultivator borrowed moncy from British.
iii) to pay off their loan.
Answer:
to pay off their loan

c) The Bengalees have to write their own history because-
i) the history of Bangalees written by British is full of wrong.
ii) the foreigners do not know how to write history.
iii) the foreigners do not know Bengali languages.
Answer:
The history of Bengalees written by British is full of wrong.

Answer in a sentence :

Question 1.
The history of India that we read, memorise for examinations is mearly a nightmare of the dark time of India-Who said this?
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore said this.

Question 2.
By what is the present determined?
Answer:
The present is determined by Past.

Question 3.
What was the logic put up by the British for establishing British rule in India?
Answer:
The logic was that it was their duty to civilize the uncivilized Indians.

Question 4.
What was the counter logic of Indians?
Answer:
The Indians argued that Indian history is not less glorious than British history.

Question 5.
What is in history besides the name of the king emperor or the desemiption of the battel?
Answer:
Britsh these there are many arguments in favour and against in history.

Question 6.
‘History is not the same in all countries’–Who said this?
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore said this.

Question 7.
Why did Bankim chandra say-A Bengali has to write the history of Bengalis.
Answer:
He said this because the historty of Bengali writter by the foreigners are full of errors.

Question 8.
Why will the problem not be solved if we write our own history?
Answer:
Becasue history is wirten according to the writer’s view and realization.

Question 9.
Why arguments are arisen about the sequence of same incdient?
Answer:
Because the eyes and mind vary with the variation of the person.

Question 10.
What are the different ages of Indian history?
Answer:
The different ages of Indian history are ancient medieval and modern.

Question 11.
What is the name of the book of Mrityunjay Bidyalankar?
Answer:
The name of the history book of Mrilty unjay Vidylankar in Rajabali.

Question 12.
From where Mrityunjay Bidyalankar started counting history
Answer:
He started counting history from the period of Yudhistira of Mahabharata.

Question 13.
What is the name of the book written by James Mill?
Answer:
The name of the book written by James Mill is History of British India.

Question 14.
How did Mill divide Indian history?
Answer:
Mill divided Indian History into Hindu, Muslim and British period.

Question 15.
From whose writing the era division was based on the religion of the ruler?
Answer:
From Mills writing the era division was based on the religion of the ruler.

Question 16.
How was Mill’s periodisation Changed?
Answer:
Mill’s periodisation changed into ancient, medieval and modern.

Question 17.
What era Aurangazeb region belonged to?
Answer:
Aurangazeb ear belonged to medieval period.

Question 18.
What era the battle of Palassey belonged to?
Answer:
The battle of Palassey (1757) belonged to modern era.

Question 19.
What are the sources of history of mordern era?
Answer:
In modern era the sources of history are paintings, books, maps, poster, newspaper, advertisement, administrater’s document, diaries, letters, land deeds etc.

Question 20.
Why ean the autobiography not be directly used as source?
Answer:
It is because the writer of the autobiography has viewed the world from the personal stand paint.

Question 21.
Why may the two photographs taken by two different persons upon the same subject, hold up different meanings?
Answer:
It is because the eye of camera is controlled by the eye of cameraman.

Question 22.
How are the peasant and the tribal movements of Indian seen by British?
Answer:
The peasant and the tribal movementes are seen as disturbance or disruption by the British.

Question 23.
What does the peasant and tribal movements mean to the Indians?
Answer:
To the Indians the peasent and tribal movements mean freedom movement.

Question 24.
What is Imperialism?
Answer:
Imperialism is a process by which a stronger coutnry dominates a weaker country.

Question 25.
Why was indigo cultivated in Bengal?
Answer:
Indigo was cultivated in Bengal to fulfil the demand at the cloth factories in England.

Answer in 30-40 words :

Question 1.
Give reason for and against of establishment of British rule in India?
Answer:
Accoridng to British the Indians are uncivilized. They had lack of education and scientific knowledge. To make them civilized it was needed to establish the British rule in India. On the other hand the Indians prolished against the laque. They brought the reference from Emperor Ashoka to Emperor Akbar, from Aryabhatta to Chaitanyadev. The Indians proued the existence of indigenous history.

Question 2.
Why it is important that who is writing the history?
Answer:
If any foreigner writes the history of Bengalees he will write the history, from his point of view. The history of Bengalles written by foreign historians are full of errors. If the view changes the consequence also changes. So the the arguments arise. For the difference of view points the significance of the incidents may change.

Question 4.
Why the problems will not be solved if we write our own history?
Answer:
If the history is written by the educated people it is defined by the view point of the writes. Then the common poor people will be left out. This fact has revealed in case of India. In Indian history thousands of nameless people were neglected who joined in Santhal revolt.

Question 4.
Why are there so arguments over history?
Answer:
Different individuals have viewed history differently. History is often defined by the view point of the writers. These creates the occation for historical debeates.

Question 5.
When was the era division started in Indian History?
Answer:
In 1808 to Mrityun Bidyalankar wrote a book of history called Rajabali and he started counting history from the period of king Yudhisthira of Mahabharata. James Mill in his book History of British India, devided Indian history into Hindu, Nuslim and British. In course of time the division changed into ancient medieval and modern.

Question 6.
What is the main features of Mill’s ear division of the ruler?
Answer:
The first two periods were named on the basis of religion. the third period was named on the basis of race, thus the third was not Chritian. but British peried. The all rullers of Hindu period were not Hindus. Chandragupta Murya was Jain and Bimbisara was Buddhist. On the other hand in Muslim period relegiously. to learnt liberal ruler Akbar was indentified by his religion.

Question 7.
Why is it said that division of era is very simplified?
Answer:
It is because Era ‘refers to a large passage of time. Individuals in each era have their own unique characteristics of living. These characteristics do not change overnight. It is not always possible to fix all calculated date to the changing of eras.

Question 8.
What is the problem of use autobiography as direct souree of hsitory?
Answer:
The writer of the autobiography has viewed the world from his personal stand point. If any historian uses such source without judging well, he may be led to a biased or even a wrong opinion. For example, William Wedderburn has credited Allan Octavian Hume in his biography of the latter, with the formation of Indian National Congress. Later it has been found Hume’s eredit was not entirely merited.

Question 9.
Why has the uprising of the peasants and tribals been viewed from two angles?
Answer:
In the eyes of British rulers the uprising to presants and tribal has been viewed as disturbances or disruption. The official documents of the time support this view. However in different view, the peasant and tribal movement are seen as anti-colonial movements.

Question 10.
How imperialism justified?
Answer:
A stronger country subjugates a weaker country and controls the wealth and public of the weaker nation. It is said that, the weaks are notonly weak they are uncivilized also. To make them civilze is duty of the imperialists. But it is an one sided shameless reason for the imperialists to tulfil their own benefit.

Question 11.
Which are the sources of modern history.
Answer:
There are various sources of modern history. They are paintings, photos, books, administrative document, book, diaries, letters, land deeds, etc. Besides coins, sculptures, maps. poster, and newspapers also provide sources of history:

Answer in 120-160 words :

Question 1.
Why is the story of wolf and the young lamb mentioned here? What does it mean by putting the other characters in place of wolf and the young lamb?
Answer:
With the help of the story of the wolf and the young lamb it is shown that the present is ditermined by the past. The logic behind many present actions is derived from history.

If we replace the wolf with a foreign indigo merchant and the young lamb with indigo farmer it will be seen that a debt that was run by the indigo farmer to the sabib merchant, gradually would turn heriditary. So to pay off his farming. On the other hand history can useful to get relief and establish rights. If the young lamb can furnish proof from history that the wolf’s logic is incorrect, the wolf let him go.

Now the wolf is replaced by the British ruler and young lamb is replaced by the common people of India. The logic that the British rulers put up for establishing a colony in India, was this that the Indians were uncivilized. On the other hand the Indians proud that they were not uncevilized by giving the reference from history. They mentioned the history from Aryabhatta to Chaityannadev and proved the evidence of indigenous history which was no less glorious than British History.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 11 Oceania offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 Geography Chapter 11 Question Answer – Oceania

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1. merk for each question)

Question 1.
According to size Oceania is-
i) largest
ii) mediun
iii) large
iv) smallest
Answer:
iv) smaliest

Question 2.
Australia and New Zealand lies in –
i) northern hemisphere
ii) southern henisphere
iii) eastern hemisphere
iv) wéstern hemisphere
Answer:
iii) southern hemisphere

Question 3.
Marshall, Nauru, Guam etc are major islands of
i) Micronesia
ii) Polynesia
iii) Australasia
iv) Melanesia
Answer:
i) Micronesia

Question 4.
Fiji, New Guinea ete are major islands of-
i) Micronesia
ii) Polynesia
iii) Australasia
iv) Melanesia
Answer:
iv) Melanesia

Question 5.
The Great Barrier Reef is a-
i) saline lake
ii) coral reef
iii) mountain range
iv) Artesian well
Answer:
ii) coral reef

Question 6.
In 1770 anchored in the eastern coast of Austrslia-
i) Ferdinand Magellan
ii) Abel Tasman
iii) James Cook
Answer:
iii) James Cook

Question 7.
The range lies the east coast of Australia-
i) Coast Range
ii) Great Deviding Range
iii) Caseate Range
Answer:
ii) Great Deviding Range

Question 8.
In producing wool Australia’s position in the world –
i) first
ii) second
iii) third
iv) fourth
Answer:
i) first.

Question 9.
The most prosperous region of Australia is –
i) London tasin
ii) Murray Darling basin
iii) Lake Eyre basin
Answer:
ii) Murray Darling basin.

Question 10.
Longest river of New Zealand-
i) Waikate
ii) Clutha
iii) Fly
iv) Hunte:
Answer:
i) Waikato

Question 11.
Longest river of Oceania-
i) Waikate
ii) Clutha
iii) Fly
iv) Mnrray-Darling
Answer:
iv) Murray-Darling

Question 12.
Source of Fly river is-
i) Wanaka Lake
ii) Australian Alps
iii) Victor Emanuel Range
iv) Great Dividing Range
Answer:
iii) Victor Emanuel Range

Question 13.
Islands of Melanesia, Polyncsia and Micronesia experiance-
i) equatorial olimate
ii) tropical monsoon climate
iii) temperate climate
iv) mediterranean climate
Answer:
i) equatorial climate

Question 14.
Tasmania and Now Zealamd experiance-
i) Temperate climate
ii) British elimate
iii) Equatorial climate
iv) Semi-arid climate
Answer:
i) Britist ctimatio

Question 15.
Temperate grasslant is foumt in-
i) northern part of Australia
i) southern Austratia
iii) west of Great Dividing Range
iv) Tasmania and kew Zealand
Answer:
iii) west of Grat Dividing Range

State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)

1. The number of Inaguages in Oceania is 28.
2. In 1789 rebellers of British Royal Navy settled permanently in Pitcairn island.
3. Gold mine is found in Australia.
4. The old fold mountain is Leverpool Range.
5. In oceania sovereign nations are 14 and dependent territorie are 21.
6. The Great Deviding Range is the highest peak of Australia.
7. The largest coral reef is Mt Cook.
8. The highest peak of New Zeland is Mt Ekerest.
19. Mt. cook is the highest peak of the world.
10. Ruapehu is the highest peak of Oceania.
11. Tropical grassland is known as Parkland Savanna.
12. Mediterranean grassland is calHed Downs.
13. Broken Hill is known as the ‘city of Silver?
14. In British clinate the westerlies cause heayy shower througkout the year.
15. In Murray darling bisin the average height varies 200-400 metre.
16. Murray originates fiom Australian Alphs.
17. Mediterranean ve fetation can be seen in Adelaide area.
18. Australia occupies second position in beef production.
19. Adelaide is the main trade and industria! centre of Murray Darling basin.
20. Total height of Mauna Loa is more than Mount Everest.
Answer:
1. true
2. true
3. true
4. false
5. true
6. false
7. false
8. false
9. false
10. false
11. true
12. false
13. true
14. true
15. false
16. true
17. true
18. false
19. true
20. true

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. Australia is divided into _____ physiographic regions.
2. The grassland of Murray Darling basin is known as ____.
3. ______ is a famous port near the mouth of Murray Darling river.
4. The highest peak of New Zealand is ______.
5. The longest river of New Zealand is ______.
6. Norfolk is a major island of ______.
7. ______ is the largest glacial lake in mountainous regions of New zealand.
8. Hobart is a city of ______.
9. The islands of Melanasia is ______ in notable.
10. Hawai, Tonga, Cook are major islands of ______.
11. In ______ century Ferdinand Magellan found out the famous island Marinus.
12. The old fold mountain is ______.
13. The highest peak of New England Range is ______.
14. Great Sandy desert is situsted in ______ platean of Oceania.
15. _____ is the highest peak of the world.
16. The longest river of Ocenia is ______ of Australia.
17. The longest river of New Zealand is _____.
18. Tall grasses grow in ______ northern part of Australia.
19. At the _____ part of Australia forest have been grown.
20. The river Murray originates from ______ mountain.
21. Broad leaf, deciduous trees are seen in forests of ______.
22. Australia ias occupicd ____ position in producing wool.
Answer:
1. four.
2. Downs
3. Aclelaide
4. Mt (ook
5. Waikato
6. Melanesia
7. Taupo
8. Australia
9. Fiji
10. polynesia
11. sixieenth
12. Great dividing Range
13. Mt Kosciuszko
14. western
15. Mt Everest
16. Murray-Darling
17. Waikato
18. Parkland Savana
19. southern
20. Australian Alps
21. eastern Austrlia
22. first

Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) Smallest country of Oceania	i) is the largest river of Oceania
b) Largest country of Oceania	ii) in Polynesia
c) Murray-Darling river	iii) evergreen forest grows
d) Hawaii is situated	iv) rain occurs during winter
e) Mt Kosciuszko	v) is Australia
f) Cooper ia an	vi) in Papua New Guinea
g) In Melanasia, Micronesia, Polynesia	vii) is 3164 m.
h) In Mediterranean climate	viii) is Nauru
i) The height of Mount Cook	ix) is the highest peak of Australia
j) Mt Wilhelm is situated	x) inland river

Answer:
a) Smallest country of Oceania is Nauru.
b) Largest country of Oceania is Australia.
c) Murray-Darling river is the largest river of Oceania.
d) Hawaii is situated in Polynesia.
e) Mt Kosciuszko is the highest peak of Australia.
f) Cooper ia an inland river.
g) In Melanasia, Micronesia, Polynesia evergreen forest grows.
h) In Mediterranean climate rain occurs during winter.
i) The height of Mount Cook is 3164 m.
j) Mt Wilhelm is situated in Papua New Guinea.

Very Short Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
Where is the continent Occania located?
Answer:
Oceania lies between 15° north latitude in north and 47° south latitude in south and 114° east longitude in the west and 139° west latitude in the east.

Question 2.
What is the highest peak of Australia?
Answer:
Mt Kosciuszko of New England Range (2234 m) is the highest peak of Australia.

Question 3.
How is Oceania composed up?
Answer:
Oceania is composed up many small and large islands like Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Fiji, New Caledonia, gnam, Marshall etc.

Question 4.
How is Oceania devided?
Answer:
Oceania is devided into to four groups-i) Australia, ii) Melanesia, iii) Micronesia and iv) Polynesia.

Question 5.
What is the area of Oceania?
Answer:
8,525,989 sq km.

Question 6.
State the boundary of Oceania.
Answer:
To the north of Oceania there are gulf of Carpentaria and Temor sea, to the south there is southern ocean, Pacific Ocean lies to the east and Indian Ocean to the west.

Question 7.
Name the highest peak of Oceania.
Answer:
Mit Wilhelm (4509 m) of Papua New Guinea.

Question 8.
Name the largest river of Oceania.
Answer:
Australia’s Murray-Darling river (3752 km).

Question 9.
What is great Barrier reer?
Answer:
Under the sea the world’s largest coral reef extends parallel to the north-east coast of Austratia which is known as great Barrier Reef.

Question 10.
In what direction of Australia, New Zealand is located?
Answer:
New Zealand is located to the South-East of Australia.

Question 11.
What are the islands New Zealand is comprised off?
Answer:
New Zealand is comprised of North and South islands. Stewart, Chatham etc and other small islands.

Question 12.
What is this highest peak of New Zealand?
Answer:
Mount cook (3164 mt) of South Alps.

Question 13.
Where is Cook strait located?
Answer:
The Cook strait lies in between North and South island.

Question 14.
Whe was Abel Tasman?
Answer:
Abel Tasman was a Dutch navigator.

Question 15.
What is called the Suitzerland of South?
Answer:
Some part of north New Zealand is ealled the Switzerland of south because of the pleasant weather and natural beauty.

Question 16.
In which part of Australia Darling river is located?
Answer:
To the South east part of Australia.

Question 17.
What is the location of Murray Darting river basin?
Answer:
The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the area are 24° S to 39° S and 138° E to 149° E respectively.

Question 18.
What is the area of Murray Darling river basin?
Answer:
The area is 1,061,469 km²

Question 19.
What are the main rivers of Murray-Darling river basin?
Answer:
Murray and Darling are the two main rivers.

Question 20.
What is Downs?
Answer:
A wide grassland of small grasses is found to the West of Great Dividing Range. This is called Downs.

Question 21.
What is the climate of Murray Darling river basin?
Answer:
The climate is temperate type.

Question 22.
What are the different trees found in Murray Darling basin?
Answer:
Oak, Paplar, bairch etc.

Question 23.
What are the main agricultural crops of Murray-Darling river basin?
Answer:
Main agricultural crop is wheat.

Question 24.
What are the cattles reared in Murray Darling basin?
Answer:
Good breed sheep like merino, lincoln, marsh are reaved in Downs grassland of Murray Darling basin.

Question 25.
What are the minerals found in Murray Darling basin?
Answer:
Silver, lead, gold, copper, tin are found is Murray-Darling basin.

Question 26.
Which is called ‘Silver city’?
Answer:
Broken Hill is called ‘Silver City’.

Question 27.
Name a active Valcano of Oceania.
Answer:
Mauna Loa.

Question 28.
Name another active Volcano of Oceania.
Answer:
Ruapehu.

Question 29.
Name a river of Papua New Guinea.
Answer:
Fly.

Question 30.
What is the name of famous coral reef of Australia?
Answer:
Great Barrier Reef.

Question 31.
In which continent cangaroo is found?
Answer:
Australia.

Question 32.
Which island is known as Great Reef?
Answer:
Fiji island.

Question 33.
What is the world’s deepest Trench?
Answer:
Mariana Trench.

Question 34.
In which hemisphere Australia and New Zealand located?
Answer:
Southern hemisphere.

Question 35.
In which country Murray-Darling basin is located?
Answer:
Australia.

Question 36.
Name a port of Murray-Darling basin.
Answer:
Adelaide.

Question 37.
Which straight separetes Tasmania from Australia?
Answer:
Bass straight.

Question 38.
What is Jackos?
Answer:
The labours who work in the cattle rearing farm are called Jackos?

Question 39.
What is the population of Occania?
Answer:
3,51,62,670 persons.

Question 40.
What is the population of West Bengal?
Answer:
More than the double of the Occania’s population.

Question 41.
How many tourists visit this continent every year?
Answer:
I crore 20 lakh.

Short Questions & Answers : (2 marks for each question)

Question 1.
How is the continent Occania formed?
Answer:
The continet Oceania consists of islands lies Australia Tasmania, New Zealand, and group of islands like Salomon, iji, New Hebrids. New Caledonia, chisterfield etc.

Question 2.
What are the main four landmass of Oceania and what are their areas?
Answer:
The main four landmass of Oceania are-

1. Australia-77 lakh sq km.
2. New Zealand2 lakh 68 thousand sq km.
3. New Guinea -4 lakh 61 thousand sq km.
4. Tasmania-68 thousand sq km.

Question 3.
Describe the main industries and cities of Murray-Derling river basin.
Answer:
The main industries’ of Murray-Darling river basin are engineering, meat and food processing, chemical and dairy farming. The main cities are Adelaide Broken Hill, Mildura cic.

Question 4.
Describe the physoiography of Australia.
Answer:
The main landmass of Oceania is Australia. It is a great island. The area of this country is so large that it is called a continent. The area of Australia is 77 lakh 25 thousand sq km which is just equal to two and half fold of the area of India. 87 % of the total area of Oceania continent belong to Australia.

Question 5.
Describe the physiography of Micronesia:
Answer:
Micronesia consists of many small islands. The name of the islands are Marshall, Nauru, Kiribati, Gilbert and Guam. The inhabitants of these islands are dark in colour.

Question 6.
Describe the physiography of Polynesia.
Answer:
From the Howaii islands to the north to New Zealand and Easter islands to the south west belong to Polynesia. The name of the islands are Howaii, Samoa, Tonga, Cook, Faster Pitcairn etc.

Question 7.
Describe the location of Oceania.
Answer:
The continent Oceania is located from north boundary of Hawiaian island to New Zealand’s southern limit. And western boarder of Australia to Gambier Islad in the east.

Question 8.
What is Allot?
Answer:
The heap of dead coral emerges from the sea to creat a coral reef. Similariy when the dead corals occumulate in circular was it forms coral ring or allot. lakes are found in the allot. There are more than 200 lakes in Micronesia.

Question 9.
What is Artesian well?
Answer:
One of the features of Australia’s natural environment is the presence of numerous Artesian wells. In low land the rock layer are basin shaped. The water accumulates in between two non saturated strata. Water comes out automatically from wells dug in it without help of pumps. These wells are called Artesian wells.

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
Describe the Physiography of Australia.
Answer:
There is few diversity in the land form of Australia. According to the difference in physical features Australia is devided inlo four regions :
i. Eastern Hightands : An old fold mountain range stretches from north to south in the eastern side of Australia. It is known as Great Deviding Range. It has different name in different places like Darling Downs, Australian Alps, Blue Range, Liverpool Range etc. Mt Kosciuszko of New England Range is the lighest peak of Australia.

ii. Western Plateau : Undualating plateau is the most dominating feature of Western Australia. The average altitude is between 200-500 metre. The rocks of the Plateau is as ancient as that of Deean plateau. Some small hills are found in east and west. The desert lies in between. The deserts have different names in different places like-Victoria, Giuson, Great Sandy Desert. Some lakes with Saline Water (Playa) and oasis are found in Western Plateau.

iii. The Central lowland: The land lies in between the Great Deviding range and the Westem Plateau. Two highlands Grey and selwyn divide the plain into three parts. Murray Darling Basin lies in the south, in the middle lies Lake Eyre Basin and in the north carpentaria Lowland. Here the wock layers are synformal. So water comes out automaticaly in form of spring without help of pumps. This is called Artesian well.

iv. Coastal Plains : Narrow coastal plains are found all arond Austratia. Among them the coastal plain along gulf of Carpentaria in the north and Great Australian Bight are exeeptional. Under the sea, parallel to the north-east coast extends the world’s largest coral reef ‘Great Barrier Reef’.

Question 2.
Describe the physiography of New Zealand.
Answer:
New Zealand belongs to Oceania. The country has two main islands called North and South and small islands like stewkert, Chatham etc. South Alps mountain range stretches along the Western part of south island. The highest peak of the range is Mt Cook (3164 m). There are many volcanoes like Mt Egmont. Ruaphen is found in this area. The main rivers are Waikato, Clutha, Whanganui and Taieri. Canterbury plain lies along the east coast of south island. Many glacial lakes are found in the mountain region of the country.

Question 3.
Describe the psysiography of Tashmania.
Answer:
Tasmania is seperated from Australia by Bass straight. Its bredth is only 250 ~km. This island is full of mountain and these are all extended part of great dividing Range of Austratia. Mount Ash is the highest peak of flie island. The population is only 845 thousand. The climate is influenced by the sea. The fivers have short bright and strong earrents. They are perentieal: The main rivers are Darwent, Mockwar, Giordon. The lakes are fotmet in central plateau.

Question 4.
Describe the physiography of Melanasia, Micronesia, Polynesia.
Answer:
Thesethree region consist of thousand of island. Most of the islands are formed by the deposition of lava and igneous material at the sea bed. Mt Wilhelm (4509 m) of Papua Guinea is the highest peak of Oceania. The examples of igneous islands are Hawai, Solomon, Fiji, Tahiti etc. There are two active volcanoes Mouna Loa and Kilauea in Hawaiian islands. Marshal Gilbert Caroline etc are the islands formed by corals. There is coral wall in Fiji island called Great Reef.

Question 5.
Describe the drainage system of Oceania.
Answer:
Australia is the largest country of Oceania continent. The climate is dry and there is lettle diversity in Australian climate. There are a few rivers in Australia. Most of rivers originate from the east and west slope of great deviding range. The main river among those is MurrayDarling river. This river originates from Australian Alps and falls in Encounter Bay. The main trebutry is Darling. It originates from New England Range and falls in Murray river near Wentwarth city after flowring towards South-West. The another tributary of Murray is Marrumbidgee. The another rivers of Australia are Hunter, Freejoy, Brisbane, Cooper, Eyre etc. They originates from great Dividing Range and fall in the Pacific ocean. The other rivers of Oceania are waikato, Clutha in New Zealand.

Detailed explanations in West Bengal Board Class 8 Geography Book Solutions Chapter 10 South America offer valuable context and analysis.

WBBSE Class 8 Geography Chapter 10 Question Answer – South America

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
First highest active volcano on earth-
i) Cotopaxi
ii) Mt. Chimborazo
iii) Llaima
iv) Laskar
Answer:
ii) Mt. Chimborazo

Question 2.
Main river of South America-
i) Colarado
ii) Parana
iii) Paraguay
iv) Amazon
Answer:
iv) Amazon

Question 3.
The combined channels of Panama, Paraguay and Uruguay is called-
i) La-Plata
ii) Amazon
ii) Orinoco
iv) Coiarado
Answer:
i) La-Plata

Question 4.
The length of Amazon river is –
i) 2150 km
ii) 2400 km
iii) 6437 km
iv) 3520 km
Answer:
iii) 6437 km

Question 5.
The size of Amazon basin –
i) 70,50,000 sq km
ii) 70,00,000 sq km
iii) 50,00,000 sq km
Answer:
i) 70,50,000 sq km

Question 6.
The number of tributaries of Amazon-
i) 1000
ij) more than 1000
iii) less than 1000
iv) 500
Answer:
ii) more than 1000

Question 7.
60% of Solwa forest is loented in-
i) Colombia
ii) Peru
ii) Bolivia
iv) Brazil
Answer:
iv) Brazil

Question 8.
In tropical rainforest live-
() anaconda snake
ii) tarantula spider
iii) vampire bats
iv) all are true
Answer:
iv) all are true

Question 9.
The word ‘Pampas’ means-
i) extensive grassland
ii) extensive plainland
iii) extensive highland
iv) extensive lowland B.
Answer:
ii) extensive plainland

Question 10.
The river has formed detta mear its mouth-
i) Orinoco
ii) Parana
iii) Paraguay
iv) Uruguay
Answer:
i) Orinoco

Question 11.
Angel waterfall formed over-
i) Uruguay
ii) Paraguay
iii) Orinoco
iv) Parana
Answer:
iii) Orinoco

Question 12.
Hot tropical climate is seen in –
i) south Chile
ii) western Brazil
iii) grassland of Guiana
iv) castern Brazil
Answer:
iv) eastern Brazil

Question 13.
Season change does not occur in-
i) Savana climate
ii) Equatorial climate
iii) Mountain climate
iv) Cold marine climate
Answer:
ii) Equatorial climate

State whether True or False : (1 mark for each question)

1. There are 20 countries in South America.
a 2. The main river of South America is Amazon.
3. The highest lake of the world is Aconcagua.
4. The South America is called Latin America.
5. Titicaca is the longest mountain region of the world.
6. Pico-dee-Bandaira is the highest peak located along the coastal zone of Atlantic ocean.
7. Mato grasso plateau lies in Andes mountain.
8. The largest evergreen forest of the world is Selva.
9. Lanos and Pampas are plateau region.
10. Orinoco is the highest water falls.
11. 1100 kmroadway is stretched over Argentina plain.
12. Amazon and orinoco are generated from two different highlands.
13. From south-east the river Uruguay merges with river Parana.
14. The deltaic area of La-Plata is known as Rio-de-la-Plata.
15. La-Plata river falls in Atlantic ocean.
16. The area of Amazon basin is 70,50,00 sqkm.
17. The discharge of water per second is 209,000 cubic metre.
18. There are about more than 1000 tributaris of Amazon.
19. Argentina, the Pampas grassland north east-part of Uruguay belong to temperate climate.
20. Chile belongs to temperate climate.
21. The Western part of Brazil, belongs to hot tropical climate.
22. 3.5 lakh insects and 2 lakh species of trees exist here.
23. Selva forest supplies 30% of earth’s oxygen.
24. The average annual rainfall in Selva is 250-300 cm.
25. The average annual temperature of Selva forest is 26°-27°C.
26. The area of Selva forest is 20,000 sq km.
27. The shape of Pampas region is like a balloon.
28. The two main river of extensive central plain region is Orincco and Amazon.
29. Pampas region is known as the ‘granary of north America’.
30. The main crop of Pampas region is maize.
31. Andes occupies the first place.
32. Depending on agrobased raw material cottage cheese, butter, cheese industries are developed.
33. About 40% sheep is reared in this province.
34. At the foothill of Andes, Cordoba region is famous for dairy industry.
35. Large amount of beef, butter, cottage cheese, cheese, wool, leather, fat are exported to foreign countries.
36. The pasture farm of Pampaus region is called Estansia.
37. Selva forest is called Tropical rain forest.
38. The equator passes through the northern part of South America.
Answer:
1. false
2. true
3. false
4. true
5. false
6. true
7. true
8. true
9. false
10. false
11.true
12. false
13.false
14. true
15.true
16. true
17.true
18. true
19. true
20. false
21. false
22. false
23. false
24. true
25. true
26. false
27. false
28. false
29. false
31. false
32. false
33. true
34. true
35. true
36. true
37. true
38. true.

Fill in the blanks : (1 mark for each question)

1. The triangular shaped continent of the Southern hemisphere is the _________ largest countinent.
2. The area of this continent is __________ times greater than India.
3. The desert area is ___________ and __________ region of the world.
4. In the middle of narrow coastal plains of the west __________ desert lies.
5. The Atacama desert is _________ km long.
6. __________ lies to the Amazon river.
7. ____________ lies to the south of Amazon river.
8. The world largest evergreen forest is __________.
9. The northern part of the continent is __________ and the southern part is __________.
10. The climate in the __________ of the northern part remains by seas and ocean.
11. Wet __________ flowing over the Pacific ocean is guarded by Andes mountin.
12. __________ desert is located at the southern part of the continent.
13. Western part of the Andes mountin has turned into __________ area.
14. __________ desert is formed in western part of the continent.
15. South eastern trade wind gets abstructed against,the __________ mountain.
16. __________ 1akh insects and __________ lakh species of trees exist in Selva.
17. Parana and Paraguay merge near Argentina’s capital __________.
18. La-Plata falls into __________ ocean.
19. In evergreen forest the annual rainfall is __________ cm.
20. ______ has occupied the first place in exporting wheat.
21. In evergreen forest live __________,__________,__________ ete.
22. Pampas region is known as the __________ of South America.
23. Besides wheat __________,__________ cte are grown plentifully.
24. The major food erop of this region is __________.
25. Depending on agrobased raw materials __________, __________ industries have been developtet.
26. In Pampas regian __________ and __________ goods are porduced.
Answer:
1. fourth
2. five
3. dry, drought prone
4. Atacama
5. 1100
6. Guiana highland
7. Brazilias highland
8. Selva,
9. wider, laper
10. intirior, uneffected
11. Westerlies
12. Patagonia
13. rain shadow
14. Atacama
15. Andes.
16. 2.5.4.
17. Buenos Aires
18. Atlantic
19. 250-300
20. Argentina
21. Anaconda, snake, vampire bats
22. Granary
23. maize, barley
24. wheat
25. flour, sugar
26. animal based, agrobased

Match the column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
a) Andes is	i) world’s largest river
b) World’s highest waterfall	ii) is Selva forest
c) Titicaca is	iii) near its mouth
d) Amazon is	iv) in mineral resourees
e) Aconoggua is the	v) is Angel
f) World”s Largest evergreen forest	vi) world’s highest lake
g) The sizo of Amazon Basin is	vii) world’s largest mountain range
h) Orinoco has formed delta	viii) are long and large in volume
i) Dampas is poor	ix) 70,50,000 sq km.
j) Most of the rivers of South America	x) highest peak of Andes

Answer:
a) Andes is world’s largest mountain range.
b) World’s highest waterfall is Angel.
c) Titicaca is world’s highest lake.
d) Amazon is world’s largest river.
e) Aconcagua is the highest peak of Andes.
f) World’s largest evergreen forest is Selva forest.
g) The size of Amazon Basin is 70,50,000 sq km.
h) Orinoco has formed delta near its mouth.
i) Pampas is poor in mineral ręsources.
j) Most of the rivers of South America are long and large in volume.

Very Short Questions & Answers : (1 mark for each question)

Question 1.
Which latitude lies to the north of Sourth America?
Answer:
12°28′ latitude lies to the north of South America.

Question 2.
What is the major river of South Ameriea?
Answer: Amazon river.

Question 3.
How many countries are there in South America?
Answer:
13 countries.

Question 4.
Name the famous citios of Sonth Amerien.
Answer:
Rio-de-janeiro, Santiago, Montevideo, Quito, Bucros Aires.

Question 5.
What is Latin America?
Answer:
South America, Middle America, Mexico and Caribbean Island are collectivety callled ‘Latin America’.

Question 6.
What is the longest monntain chain of the world?
Answer:
Andes.

Question 7.
What is the highest kake of the workl?
Answer:
Titicaca.

Question 8.
What are the first and second highest active valcanoes on the earth?
Answer:
Mt Chimborajo (6272 m), 2) Cotopaxi (5896 m).

Question 9.
What is the highest waterfalls on the earth?
Answer:
Angel.

Question 10.
What is the highest peak of Eastern Highland region? What is its height?
Answer:
Roraima. Its height is 2769 m.

Question 11.
What is La-Plata river?
Answer:
The combined channels of Parana, Paraguay and Uruguay is called La-Plata river.

Question 12.
What is the average rainfall of Amazon basin?
Answer:
250-300 cm.

Question 13.
What is the area of Selva forest.
Answer:
55,00,000 sqkm.

Question 14.
What percent of Oxigen is supplied by Selva forest?
Answer:
20%.

Question 15.
What percent of living species is found in Selva forest?
Answer:
10%.

Question 16.
State the location of Selva forest?
Answer:
Brazil (60%), Peru (13%), Coclombia (10%) and parts of Venezuela, Balivia, Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana.

Question 17.
What types of plants and animals grow in evergreen forest?
Answer:
Plants : fern, fungus, moss and different types of trees.
Animals : anaconda, snake, terantula, spider, vampire, bats, leeche etc.

Question 18.
Which place has Argentia occupied in wheat production in the world?
Answer:
First.

Question 19.
What is the main exporting goods of Pampas?
Answer:
Meat.

Question 20.
Which goods are exported by Pampas region?
Answer:
Beef, butter, cottage cheese, cheese, wool, leather, fat etc.

Question 21.
What is known of ‘The granary of South America’?
Answer:
South America.

Question 22.
What is the main food crop of Pampas?
Answer:
Wheat.

Question 23.
What vegetables are grown in Pampas region?
Answer:
Maize, barley, sugar cane, cotton, different fruit.

Question 24.
What is Cordoba famous?
Answer:
For dairy industry.

Question 25.
What is the meaning of the term ‘Pampas’?
Answer:
The word Pampas means – exclusive plainland.

Question 26.
How is the shape of Pampas region?
Answer:
It has a shape like the crescent moon.

Question 27.
Where is Pampas grassland located?
Answer:
Pampas grassland covers most of the Argentina, Urugua and some part of Southern Brazil.

Question 28.
Name two main rivers of Pamupas grassland.
Answer:
Parana and Paraguay.

Question 29.
What is the average rainfall of Pampas grassland?
Answer:
50-100 cm.

Question 30.
Which is ‘The Granary of South America’?
Answer:
Pampas.

Question 31.
Why grassland of pampas has been destroyed?
Answer:
For transportation and agricultural purpose.

Short Questions & Answers : (2 marks for each question)

Question 1.
Which industries have grown in Pampas region?
Answer:
Food processing and other industries have been setup in Pampas region. Based on Cattle powder milk, cheese, cattage cheese, butter, dairy products and meat processing industries have been flourished. Flour, sugar, bakery etc industries have been developed here.

Question 2.
What are different physiographic division of South America?
Answer:
According to the variation in physical structure the South America is divided into major zones :

1. The Western Mountian region.
2. Narrow Coastal plains of the West.
3. Eastern high land region.
4. The extensive central plain.

Question 3.
Give the features of the Drainage of South America?
Answer:

1. Most of the rivers of South America are long and large in volume.
2. The rivers are perennial as they are fed by rain and snow.
3. Most of the viver originated from Andes mountain.
4. Only Orineco has formed delta near its mouth.

Question 4.
Write about the climate of Pampas region.
Answer:
As the Pampus region lies close to the ocean the weather is pleasant here, the average summer temperature varies from 22°-24°Cand during winter it remain 8°-10°C. Anntal rainfall is 50-100 cm. The rainfall increases from West to East.

Question 5.
Name the source, mouth and tributaries of Amazon river.
Answer:
Source-Mismi peak of Andes.
Mouth-North Atlantic Ocean.
Tributaries – Jurua, Purus, Xingu, Madeira.

Long Questions & Answers : (3 marks for each question)

Question 1.
Discuss about the Western mountain region of South America:
Answer:
The Western mountain region of South America lies to the West of the continent and it consists of mainly Andes mountain ranges. It stretches from Caribbean sea in the North to cape Horn in the South. Andes is the longest mountain ranges and second heighest in the world. Aconcagua (6960 m) is the highest peak of Andes. Some inter montane plateaus are located in many places of Andes mountain ranges. They are Balivia, Equador, Peru, Titicaca etc. Titicaca lake (3810 m) is the world’s highest lake lies in this region.

Question 2.
Discuss about the extensive central plain of South America.
Answer:
The extensive central plain lies between the Western mountain region and Eastern highland. The area of the plain is more than half of the continental area. This region is mainly the basin of the river Orinaco, Amazon and La Plata. This plain is known in different names in different river basin-1) Orinaco river basin, 2) Amazon river basin, 3) Parana-Paraguay rivers basin, 4) La Plata river basin.

Question 3.
Diseuss about the causes of climate variation of South America.
Answer:
The causes of variation of climate is divided into 5 divisions-:
i) Latitudinal Extent : The equator passes through the northern part of South America and Tropic of Capricon passes through the middle. According to the latitudinal extent 70% of the continent lies in the torried zone and 20% lies in warm temperate zone and 10% in cold temperate zone.

ii) Distance from sea : The northern part of the continent is wider and the lower part tapered. Due to the distance irom sea the northern part remains uneffected by sea and ocean.

iii) Altitude factor: Moisture laden Westerlies flowing over the pacific ocean is guarded by Andesmountain and can not epter into the sothern parts of the continent. So Patagonia desert is located here. Andes mountain, guiana and Brazilis… highlands though located in torrid zone. remains relatively cool throughout the year.

iv) Ocean current : Though located in same latitudes due to warm Brazil current the eastern part of the continent remains warm but western part faces cold weather under the influence of cold peru current.

v) Wind : Atacama desert is formed in the Western part of the continet. South east trade winds are interrupted by Andes mountain resulting a rain shadow area in the Western flanks of the mountain.

Question 4.
Write about the Western Mountain Region of South America.
Answer:
The western mountain region of South America lies to west of the continent and it consists of mainly Andise mountain ranges. It extends from caribbean sea in the north to Cape Horn in the south. Andes is the longest mountain ranges and second heighest in the world. Aconcagua (6960 m) is the highest peak of Andes. Some inter mountains p!ateaus are located in many places of Andes mountain ranges. They are-Bolivia, Equador. Pere, Titicaca. Titicaca lake (381 m) is the world’s highest lake, lies in this region.

Question 5.
Write about the Narrow Coasta! Plains of ine West of South America.
Answer:
This region lies between Pacific ocean Coast and Andes mountain ranges. This region extends from north to south stretching all through the West Coast. In the middle of the coastal plain Atacama disert lies which is 1100 kmlong. It is one of the driest and drought prone areas of the world.

Question 6.
Write about the Easte:’ High Land Region of South America.
Answer:
The eastern high land region lies to the east of south America. The two highlands both are the parts of very ancient landmass. They are as old as Decean plateau of India and Canadian shield of North America. These two highlands are seperated by the Amazon river.

Question 7.
Write about the extensive Central Plain of South America.
Answer:
The extensive central plain lies between the Western mountain region and Eastern highiand. The area of the plain is more than half of the continental area. This region is mainly the basin of the river Orinaco, Amazon and La Plata. This plain is known in different names in different river basins. Among them Selva is the longer. The world’s largest evergreen forest has grown in the Selva, which is situated at Amazon river basin. This forest is known as Selva forest. On the other hand Llanss and Pampas are originally the grassland.

Question 8.
Write down the location and boundary of pampas region.
Answer:
Most of Argentina and Uruguay’s area is occupied by the grassland. It also includes a small part of Southern Brazil. It lies between 30°-38°South latitude and 54°to 65°West longitude. In the north lies Gran chaco plains and Brazilian highland in the east Atlantic Ocean. Patagonia Desert is to the Southern boundary and foothills of Andes is the Western limit.

Question 9.
Write down the physiography and drainage of pampas region.
Answer:
Pampas grassland is made up of soil brought down by the rivers and does soil deposits by aeolian action. Though it is a plain land small hills or hillocks are found at some places. The whole area slants from the foothill of the Andes in the west to the east Atlantic coast. The two major rivers in this region are Parana and Paraguay. They join with each other near the capital of Buenas Aires and their joint channel La-Plata drains out into Atlantic Ocean.

Question 10.
Write about agriculture of Pampas region.
Answer:
Pampas region is very developed in agriculture. Most of the grassland have been cut down for agriculture and transportation. The fertile alluvial soil, minimum rainfall is favourable for agriculture. The main food crop of the region is wheat. Argentina is the leading producer of wheat It has become leading exporting country of wheat. Besides maize, barley, sugarcane, cotton different types of fruits and vegetables also grow here. Developed machinery is used for cultivation. Now Pampas region is known as ‘The granary of South America’.

Question 11.
Write about mineral resources of Pampas region.
Answer:
Pampas region is not rich in minerals. So large industry have not been grown here. Sufficient amount of animal based and agro based products are available here. Food processing and other industries have been grown based on these raw materials. Based on animal based raw materials, Milk, cottage cheese, butter, cheesc etc and meat processing industries have been developed. Flour, sugar, bakery industries have been developed based on agro based raw materiais.

Question 12.
Write about the cattle rearing of Pampas region.
Answer:
Pampas region is favourable for cattle rearing. The pasture farms are called Estansia. The inhabitants rear cattle for meat and milk. The cattlc are reared in the region with more rainfall to the east and sheep are reared in the region with less rainfall to the south-west. Cordoba, at the foothill of Andes, is famous for dairy industry. Mostly cows are reared here for milk, the south-east part of Buenos Aires Provices is the main region of Cattle rearing. Nearly 40% sheep is reared in this province. Large amount of bread, butter, collage cheese, cheese, beef, wool, leather, fat are exported to foreign countries. Argentina occupies the first position in meat cxport.

Question 13.
Mention different climates of South America.
Answer:

1. Equatorial climate
2. Savana climate
3. Hot tropical climate
4. Tropical desert climate
5. Mediterranean climate
6. Cold marins climate
7. Temperate (grassland) climate
8. Temperate (desert) climate
9. Mountain climate